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2017-2018学年第一学期高二年级周测卷
英语 试卷（第一次）
（考试时间: 40分钟，满分100分 ） 最新试卷十年寒窗苦，踏上高考路，心态放平和，信心要十足，面对考试卷，下笔如有神，短信送祝福，愿你能高中，马到功自成，金榜定题名。
A
Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons(神经元)in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate(模仿)it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example:” The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互动). Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent(相等物)for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well, perhaps you’ll understand why.
1.Mirror neurons can explain .
A.why we cry when we are hurt
B.why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C.why we smile when we see someone else smile
D.why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
2.The word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means“___”.
A.set off B.cut off C.built up D.broken up
3.We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons .
A.relate to human behavior and interaction
B.control human physical actions and feelings
C.result in bad behavior and social disorders
D.determine our knowledge and language abilities
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Ways to find mirror neurons. B. Problems of mirror neurons.
C. Existence of mirror neurons. D. Functions of mirror neurons.
B
I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby’s point of view.
Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby’s blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.
It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous.Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.
Well,at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding.The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5,7,11 and 14,than babies fed according to the clock.By the age of 8,their IQ(智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a samp
le(样本)of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education,family income,a child’s sex and age,the mother’s health and feeding style.These results don’t surprise me.Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.
I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.
5.According to Paragraph 2,one reason why a baby cries is that it feels_.
A.sick B.upset C.sleepy D.hungry
6. What does the author think about Dr King?
A.He is strict. B.He is unkind.
C.He has the wrong idea D.He sets a timetable for mothers.
7.The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .
A.basic B.reliable C.surprising D.interesting
8. What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?
A.The baby will sleep well. B.The baby will have its brain harmed.
C.The baby will have a low blood sugar level. D.The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.
9.The author supports feeding the baby .
A.in the night B.every four hours C.whenever it wants food D.according to its blood sugar level
C
Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions(使命)often work very long days.Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day’s work.This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station (ISS).ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year.They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible.Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework.They can communicate with family and friends by email,internet phone and through private video conferences.
While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit,there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy.Before a mission,the family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos,messages,videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth.During their mission,the crew also receives care packages with CDs,books,magazines,photos and letters.And as from early 2010,the internet became available on the ISS,giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing(冲浪)” in their personal time.Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments,astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.
Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth.Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day,and every moment offers a new view of the Earth’s vast land mass and oceans.
10. What does the word“mimic”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Find. B. Copy. C. Change. D. Lose.
11. Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS?
A.They are caring and thoughtful. B.They are worried and upset.
C.They are impatient and annoyed. D.They are excited and curious.
12.In the final paragraph,the author shows that astronauts .
A.get more pleasure in space than on the Earth B.find living in space a bit boring and tiring
C.regard space life as common D.love to see the Earth from space
13.The passage mainly discusses how astronauts .
A.work for longer missions in space B.connect with people on the Earth
C.observe the Earth from space D.spend their free time in space
D
Honey(蜂蜜)from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious.Most people, and many animals, like eating it.However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest(巢)and take the honey from it.Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper—a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax (蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房).The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest,the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches.Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away.They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
14. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest?
A.It’s small in size. B.It’s hidden in trees.
C.It’s covered with wax. D.It’s hard to recognize.
15. What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.A bee. B. A bird. C. A honey seeker. D. A beekeeper.
16.The honey guide is special in the way .
A.it gets its food B.it goes to church
C.it sings in the forest D.it reaches into bees’ nests
17. What can be the best title for the text?
A.Wild Bees B.Wax and Honey
C.Beekeeping in Africa D.Honey-Lover’s Helper
E
You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.
First, you must ask yourself,“Where is the wind coming from?Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.
Let’s start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90° angle(角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.
If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap(摆动). It shouldn’t look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flap
ping,it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.
Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.
18. What should you consider first while sailing?
A. Sailors’ strength. B. Wave levels.C. Wind directions. D. Size of sails.
19. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The boat. B. The wind. C. The sail. D. The angle.
20. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?
A. Move in a straight line. B. Allow the sail to flap.
C. Lower the sail. D.Tack the boat.
21. Where can you probably find the text?
A. In a popular magazine. B. In a tourist guidebook.
C.In a physics textbook. D. In an official report.
F
Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease.But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.
Previous studies have linked high exposure(暴露)to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems,but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke(中风)within as little as a few hours after exposure.In one review of the research,scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants(污染物)were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure.A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)considers to be of “moderate”(良好)quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.
The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure.However,it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.
22.The text mainly discusses the relationship between .
A.heart problems and air quality B.heart problems and exercising
C.heart problems and smoking D.heart problems and fatty food
24.The word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means.
A.relatively high B.extremely low C.relatively low D.extremely high
24. What can we learn from the text?
A.Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.
B.The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.
C.Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.
D.Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.
25.The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to .
A.inform B.persuade C.describe D.entertain
G
How to Make Friends
Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 26But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
1. Associate with others.
The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.
2. Start a conversation.
Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 27You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.
3. 28
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.
4. Let it grow.
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 29 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.
5. Enjoy your friendship.
The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 30 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.
A. Be cheerful.
B. Do things together.
C. Do not wait to be spoken to.
D. Try not to find fault with your friends.
E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.
F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
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