二年级下语法
一般现在时
一、 功能：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。 如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
二、 构成：
1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
注意：（我用am，你用are，三单is，复数are。）
肯定句：主语+be+其它。 如：He is a worker. 他是工人。
否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如 He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。(be动词移到句首)，如：Is he a worker？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。Where is your bike?
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。
注意：（当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。
如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。）
肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它) 。如：I like bread.
否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。
如：He ofter plays football. He doesn't often play football.
一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。（句首加助动词do, does）
如： Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。
如： - Does she go to school by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does she go to school?
三、 动词+s的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches,
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
四、 一般现在现在时常见时间状语
Always usually, often, sometimes, every week (day,year,month)
练习题
用am, is, are 填空 1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this? 10. Whose socks ______ they? 11. That ______ my red skirt. 12. Who ______ I? 13.The jeans ______ on the desk. 14.Here ______ a scarf for you. 15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me. 19. Some tea ______ in the glass. 20. Gao Shan's shirt _______ over there. 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. David and Tom _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Mike _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 按照要求改写句子 1. David watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ____________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _______________________________________________________ ____________________________ 4. Helen likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) ________________________________________________________ 8. Jim comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ________________________________ 10. Tom and David like going skating.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________ 5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 一般现在时翻译练习 1.我们每天七点钟上学。 We _______ ________ _________ at seven o’clock _________ ________. 2.教室有一些学生。 There _______ ________ _________ in the classroom. 3.我们非常喜欢英语。 We _______ English _______ _______. 4.他常常步行去上学。 He usually _______ _______ _______ _______ _______. 5.他努力学习英语。 He ________ ________ hard. 6.他不在家里做作业。 He ________ _______ _______ _________ at home. 7.我们星期天不去学。 We _______ _______ _______ _______ on Sundays. 8.他经常十点钟睡觉。 He often _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ . 9.有时我五点钟起床。 Sometimes, I _______ _______ _______ _______. 10.他们早上七点钟去上学。 They _______ _______ _______ at seven _______ ________ _________. |
现在进行时
一、概念
表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情．往往与 now, at the moment, just 等副词连用,以示强调．如 We are waiting for you. What are you doing? Some one’s knocking at the door．
结构：助动词 be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词.
二、 现在分词的构成：
1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing．
如: carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading ,
2. 如果动词以-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,
如come-coming , have-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using．
3. 如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing
如： hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting．
三、句型结构：
1.现在进行时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词 be ( is / am / are ) 上．
1)现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分
I am singing . They are writing .
2)现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分
I am not singing . They aren’t writing .
3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分
Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you aren’t .
Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren’t .
4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分
What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).
2. 缩写形式如下:
I am---I’m You are---You’re He is---He’s She is---She’s
It is---It’s We are---We’re They are---They’re
3.说明: 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：
see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态．
练习题
I_____ _______ (fly) a kite now.
He_____ ________(read) a book now.
Look, she_____ _________(swim).
Listen, the girls _____ ______(sing)a song.
What are they doing? They _____ _______(make)a kite.
Some birds ______ _____________(fly)in the sky.
My friend ______ ______(listen) music now.
按要求写句子：
1. The boy is playing basketball.
否定句：____________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定回答：__________________________
否定回答：__________________________
2.Mike is reading a book.
否定句：____________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定回答：__________________________
否定回答：__________________________
3.We are playing games.
否定句：____________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定回答：__________________________
否定回答：__________________________
4. I am playing games.
否定句：____________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定回答：__________________________
否定回答：__________________________
5. Lucy and Lily are watching TV.
否定句：____________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定回答：__________________________
否定回答：__________________________
选择题
1. Look. Lucy is_____ a new bike today.
A. jumping B. running C. riding D takeing
2. The children _____ football.
A. is playing B. are playing C. play the D. play a
3. They ______TV in the evening. They do their homework.
A. are watching B. can’t watching C. don’t watch D. don’t watching
4. Listen! She____ in the classroom.
A. is singing B. sing C .to sing D. is sing
5. ______are you eating? I’m eating ______ meat.
A. What,some B. Which,any C. Where,not D. What,a
6. Is she ____ something?
A. eat B. eating C. eatting D. eats
7.My dictionary ___,I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost,don’t find B. is missing,don’t find C. has lost,haven’t found D. is missing,haven’t found.
8..Having a computer for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
9. The building_______ ,I can’t stand the noise.
A. was being built B. is built C. is being built D. builds
10. I can’t catch up with the fashion,because the clothes style_______ all the time.
A. has changed B. is changed C. is changing D. changed
用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1. ______you__________(fly) a kite? Yes,_______.
2. ______you___________(sit) in the boat?
3. ______he_____________(talk) with me?
4. We_______________(play) football now.
5. What_________you__________(do)?
6. I_____________(sing) an English song.
7. What________he____________(mend)?
8. He__________________ ____(mend) a car.
9. These boys _________ (play) tennis on the playground.
10. My mother____________ ___________ _______ (cook) in the kitchen.
11. We can’t help you,because we ____________ (have )classes.
12. ________ the boy ___________ (write) his homework?
13. Look! These butterflies ____________ __ (fly) in the sky.
14. Listen! The girl ___________ __ (sing) in the next room.
15. The boy ________________ __ (swim) in the river.
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