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发布时间：2024-04-23 16:30:41 来源：文档文库

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意大利语复合时态Thecompoundtenses(itempicompostiareverbtensesthatconsistoftwowords,suchasthepassatoprossimo(presentperfect.Boththeverbsessereandavereactashelpingverbsincompoundtenseformations.Forexample:iosonostato(Iwasandhoavuto(Ihad.PresentPerfectwithAvereIngeneral,transitiveverbs(verbsthatcarryoveranactionfromthesubjecttothedirectobjectareconjugatedwithavereasinthefollowingexample:Ilpilotahapilotatol'aeroplano.(Thepilotflewtheplane.Whenthepassatoprossimoisconstructedwithavere,thepastparticipledoesnotchangeaccordingtogenderornumber:IohoparlatoconGiorgioieripomeriggio.(IspoketoGeorgeyesterdayafternoon.Noiabbiamocompratomoltecose.(Weboughtmanythings.Whenthepastparticipleofaverbconjugatedwithavereisprecededbythethirdpersondirectobjectpronounslo,la,le,orli,thepastparticipleagreeswiththeprecedingdirectobjectpronouningenderandnumber.Thepastparticiplemayagreewiththedirectobjectpronounsmi,ti,ci,andviwhentheseprecedetheverb,buttheagreementisnotmandatory.Hobevutolabirra.(Idrankthebeer.L'hobevuta.(Idrankit.Hocompratoilsaleeilpepe.(Iboughtthesaltandpepper.Lihocomprati.(Iboughtthem.Cihannovisto/visti.(Theysawus.Innegativesentences,nonisplacedbeforetheauxiliaryverb:Moltinonhannopagato.(Manydidn'tpay.No,nonhoordinatounapizza.(No,Ididn'torderapizza.PresentPerfectwithEssereWhenessereisused,thepastparticiplealwaysagreesingenderandnumberwiththesubjectoftheverb,soyouhavefourendingstochoosefrom:-o,-a,-i,-e.Inmanycases,intransitiveverbs(thosethatcannottakeadirectobject,especiallythoseexpressingmotion,areconjugatedwiththeauxiliaryverbessere.Theverbessereisalsoconjugatedwithitselfastheauxiliaryverb.Someofthemostcommonverbsthatformcompoundtenseswithesserearelistedinthetablebelow:INTRANSITIVEITALIANVERBSTHATAPPEARWITHESSEREINPRESENTPERFECT
andaretogo
arrivaretoarrive
caderetofall

dimagriretodiet
entraretoenter
immigraretoimmigrate
moriretodie
partiretodepart
restaretostay,toremain
(ritornaretoreturn
salparetoweighanchor,tosetsail
sfuggiretorunaway,toflee
staretostay,tobe
usciretogoout
veniretocome

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