段落翻译 (原文+译文）
1. 参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。他表现于弱者敢于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。他会尽其所能，争取优胜，永不松懈，永不罢休。有人说竞技者终究逃脱不了失败，即使是最佳运动员也会被更强者所淘汰——这就是竞技运动的规律。然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败而气馁，仍然奋力拼搏争取最佳发挥。并对自己在奥林匹克运动中为争取更好成绩已尽了一份力而心满意足。他会自豪地说他的青春没有虚度。（221字）
【参考译文】
To participate and win — that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong, and the strong striving for ever better performance. “Ever better” — the ideal is always luring a sportsman forward. He will do everything he can for it, never relax, never give up. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated — even the best is to be surpassed by someone still stronger. This is rule of sports. However, undaunted by the inevitable failure, the sportsman is always striving to do the best he can and content with the fact that he has done his bit for the “ever better” records in the Olympic Games. He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.
(陈艳粉供稿）
2. 中国，一个值得自豪的文明古国，大约有5000年悠久和神秘的历史。像世界上其它大多数文明一样，中国历史可以溯源到最初的原始部落，后来逐步融合扩大，直至成为今天伟大的国家。 中国社会的发展经历了五个主要阶段——原始社会，奴隶社会，封建社会，半殖民地半封建社会和社会主义社会。几乎从一开始，伟大朝代的兴衰就贯穿了整个中国历史。1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立以来，中国已经成为一个社会主义国家，越来越强盛。（198字）【参考译文】
China, one of the countries that can boast of an ancient civilization, has a long and mysterious history—almost 5,000 years of it! Like most other great civilizations of the world, China can trace her culture back to a blend of small original tribes which have expanded till they become the great country we have today. Chinese society has progressed through five major stages—Primitive Society, Slave Society, Feudal Society, Semi-feudal and Semi-colonial Society, and Socialist Society. The rise and fall of the great dynasties forms a thread that runs through Chinese history, almost from the beginning. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1st, 1949, China has become a socialist country and become stronger and stronger. (陈艳粉供稿）
3.
在指南针发明以前，人们在茫茫大海上航行，只能靠太阳和星星的位置辩认方向，如果遇上阴雨天，就会迷失方向。是中国人发明的指南针帮助人们解决了这个难题。指南针是指示方向的仪器。早在战国时期（The Warring States Period (475BC-221BC)，中国人就发现了磁石（magnet）指示南北的特性，并根据这种特性制成了指示方向的仪器——司南(sinan)。到了宋代，人们制成了罗盘（luopan）。指南针的发明，给航海事业带来了划时代的影响，世界航运史也由此翻开了新的一页。（195字）
【参考译文】
Before the compass was invented, most people identified the direction at sea, only depending upon the position of the sun and stars. If it was cloudy or rainy, people would lose their direction. It was the compass, invented by the Chinese people, that solved this problem. The compass is the instrument used for indicating direction. As early as the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC), the Chinese discovered that a magnet could be applied to indicate the south and north, and a direction-indicating instrument sinan was made on the basis of this feature. In the Song Dynasty, people created a compass called luopan. The invention of the compass has an epoch-making influence on navigation, thereby opening up a new era in the history of international navigation.
(陈娴供稿)
4.
和为贵
中华传统文化底蕴深厚，博大精深。“和”在中国古代历史上被奉为最高价值，是中华文化的精髓。“和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。中华民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。
国强必霸，不适合中国。称霸，既有悖于我们的文化传统，也违背中国人民意志。中国的发展不损害任何人，也不威胁任何人。中国要做和平的大国，学习的大国，合作的大国，致力于建设一个和谐的世界。（199字）
【参考译文】
The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound. Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture, which has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation. The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things and she is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.
The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China. Seeking hegemony goes against China’s cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people. China’s development harms no one and threatens no one. We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others. We are committed to building a harmonious world.
（陈颖供稿）
5. 儒家思想是中国传统文化的基石。它出现在大约2，500年前的春秋（the Spring and Autumn Period），是建立在夏、商、周朝的传统文化之上，并由孔子创立的完整观念体系（ideological system）。儒家思想博大精深，涵盖了人文，政治，法律，教育，哲学，道德各个领域。儒家文化以人本哲学（humanistic philosophy）为依托，这表现在它对人类个体的尊敬，关注和热爱。总而言之，儒家文化是世界文化遗产的重要组成部分，是东方文化的代表，也是中国文化传统的中流砥柱。（191字）
【参考译文】
Confucianism is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture. Founded about 2,500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucianism is a complete ideological system created by Confucius, based on the traditional culture of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties. It is extensive and profound, covering the fields of humanity, politics, law, education, philosophy and ethics. Confucian culture rests on humanistic philosophy, which is shown in its respect for, attention to and love for human individuals. In brief, Confucian culture is an important component of world culture heritage, a major representative of oriental culture, and the dominant facet of Chinese cultural tradition.
(李玉萍供稿）
6.
中国制造企业似乎无所不能，小到苹果产品iPad，大到高铁、甚至世界领先的电信设备，生产的商品包罗万象，但却似乎生产不了一个自己的精致小手袋。
没错，从Prada到苹果的全球顶级公司都把外包合约给了中国，但人们却很难找到哪怕是一个以质取胜的中国品牌。不仅奢侈品行业是这样，汽车、智能手机、家用电器等行业也不例外。在中国要想找到高水平的工艺也是个难题，特别是像手表和珠宝这类复杂精巧的物品。
【参考译文】
Chinese companies build iPads, high-speed trains and world-class telecom gear, but they can't seem to make their own fancy handbag.
It's true that global giants from Prada to Apple source goods from China, but it is difficult to name a single Chinese brand that is known for its quality products. That's true not just in luxury, but also in automobiles, smartphones and home appliances. Trying to find quality craftsmanship in China is also a hard job, especially when it comes to complex items such as watches and jewelry. (卢桂冬供稿）
7.
中国政府历来不会一下子进行重大而大胆的变革，总是以渐进的方式进行带有风险的新尝试。中国逐步推进人民币国际化进程就是一个很好的例子。上海自由贸易区的成立也是如此。它是中国政府进一步改革的试验田。今日的上海已经拥有400多家跨国公司地区总部以及全球几乎所有大型银行的办事机构，在上海进行下一轮经济试验具备一定条件。（153字）
【参考译文】
The Chinese government historically hasn't made big, bold changes all at once, but has taken incremental approaches to new and risky ventures. The step-by-step internationalization of the yuan is a good example. So is Shanghai’s free-trade zone. It is the experimental field of Chinese further reform. Shanghai, with more than 400 regional headquarters for multinationals and offices for nearly all major global banks, is ripe for the next round of economic experiments.
(卢桂冬供稿）
8.
中国正在强化其作为汽车行业最重要市场的形象。中国汽车销售与去年相比增长了13%。业界观察人士预测今年中国汽车总销量将超过2千万辆。
相比之下，预计美国将售出略多于1500万辆汽车。中国市场的重要性在上月的上海车展上可见一斑，业界代表展示了产品设计以满足中国日益增长的豪华车以及大空间车辆的需求。
对顶级汽车需求的上升是中国作为一个经济超级大国崛起的标志。专家们表示，到2015年，SUV（多功能越野车）销量可能会翻番。
【参考译文】
China is strengthening its image as the most important market for the auto industry. Chinese auto sales are up 13 percent from one year ago. Industry observers are predicting total sales of over 20 million vehicles this year.
By comparison, a little more than 15 million vehicles are expected to be sold in the United States. The importance of the Chinese market could be seen last month at the Shanghai auto show, industry representatives there were showing products design to meet China's growing demand for luxury cars, and larger vehicles.
The rising demand for top quality automobiles is a sign of China's rise as an economic superpower. And experts say SUV sales are likely to double by 2015.
（罗灵江供稿）
9. 早在殷商时期，我们华夏祖先便已确立了东、南、西、北、中五个方位。太阳初升的东方代表了冬去春来、万物繁衍昌盛的景象。位于中国东部的泰山一直被视为吉祥之地。古代帝王择泰山登临，供以祭品，祭祀天地，为国家的繁荣祥和而祈祷。据历史记载，西周前已有72位君主登临泰山祭祀。此后，中国历史上第一个皇帝秦始皇，以及汉、唐、宋、清等朝代的皇帝，都亲自登临泰山祭祀。（173字）
【参考译文】
Dating back to Yin and Shang periods (1766B.c.—1122B.C.), our Chinese ancestors established the five directions of north, south, east, west and center. The east, where the sun rises, represents life’s fertility with the end of winter and coming of spring. Taishan, located in East China, has been regarded as a propitious place. Ancient emperors prayed for the country’s prosperity and peace by offering sacrifices to Heaven and Earth on Taishan. According to historical records, prior to the Western Zhou Dynasty (1122B.C.—771B.C.), 72 monarchs climbed the mountain to perform sacrifices. They were then followed by Qinshihuang, China’s first emperor, and the emperors of the Han, Tang, Song and Qing Dynasties. ------英语范文背诵精华http://www.rrting.net/English/talkingbook/39439/
（钱虹供稿）
10.
中国人饮茶， 注重一个"品"字。"品茶"不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。（117字）
【参考译文】
The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "savoring." "Savoring tea" is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also a means to take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule to make a kettle of strong tea and securing a serene space to serve and drink tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm.
（王津供稿）
11.
The origins of Chinese music can be dated back to distant antiquity. Approximately 3000 years ago, European music was experiencing its first rustlings of life whereas a complete musical theory and sophisticated musical instruments began to appear in China, owing largely to the orthodox ritual music advocated by Confucius. Chinese music is the body of vocal and instrumental music composed and played by Chinese people. For several thousands of years Chinese Culture was dominated by the teachings of the philosopher Confucius, who conceived of music in the highest sense as a means of calming the passions and of dispelling unrest and lust, rather than as a form of amusement.
中国音乐的起源可以追溯到遥远的古代。大约3000年前，欧洲音乐正在经历其生命的浑沌初开, 而完整的音乐理论的建立和复杂的乐器的发明则开始于中国，这大多归因于孔子倡导的正统的礼乐。中国音乐以声乐和器乐为主体，由国人作曲和演奏。数千年来，中国文化由哲学家孔子的思想占主导，他设想音乐的最高意境是作为舒缓激情和消除浮躁和欲望的手段，而不是作为娱乐的形式。
（王津供稿）
12.
中国最新的载人航天飞船上周四与空间站对接成功，三名宇航员登上天宫一号空间站，那里将是他们下周的居住地。神舟十号对接空间实验将由自动化控制。进入太空实验室之后船员们换上了他们在空间内的蓝色连身衣。他们将在空间实验室中停留12天，宇航员们将进行手动对接练习和进行科学实验，他们还将提供一系列科学讲座，增加在青少年的中国太空计划的普及。
【参考译文】
China's latest manned space capsule docked with an orbiting space station last Thursday, and the three astronauts climbed aboard what will be their home for the next week. Automated controls guided the Shenzhou-10's docking with the space lab. After entering the space lab, the crew exchanged their space gear for blue jumpsuits. During their 12-day stay at the lab, the astronauts will perform a manual docking exercise and conduct scientific experiments. They will also deliver a series of science lectures — part of an outreach to increase the space program's popularity among younger Chinese.
（汪琴供稿）
13. 人类到处都在改变着自然界的平衡。他帮助动植物进入新的地区，有时是有意的，有时是无意的。他正在用新的植物种类，或者用房屋、工厂、炉渣堆或其他的文明产物覆盖大片的土地。他使有些物种大批消亡，却造成有利条件使另外一些物种成倍地增加。总之，人类在五千年内比大自然在五百万年内做了更多的事来改变地球的生态。
【参考译文】
Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature. He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions, sometimes deliberately, sometimes unconsciously. He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slag-heaps(炉渣堆) and other products of his civilization. He exterminates (消灭) some species on a large scale, but favours the multiplication of others. In brief, he has done more in five-thousand-year to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nature in five million.
（吴小梅供稿）
14. 京剧表演融合了唱、念、作、打等多种艺术表现形式，辅以五彩缤纷的服装道具以及化妆。在京剧中，女性的角色被称做“旦”，男性的角色被称做“生”，小丑被称做“丑”。每个角色都会依照他们的性别、年龄及个性，在脸上画不同的脸谱，这样，观众可以很容易地分清这些演员所扮员的角色是什么样的性格。化妆、服饰、行头—这些都是令人称奇的艺术品。（161字）
【参考译文】
Peking Opera combines stylized acting with singing, dancing, musical dialogues, martial arts, colorful facial make-up and fantastic costumes. Female roles are called “Dan”, male roles are called “Sheng”, and clowns “Chou”. Each role, according to their sex, age and disposition, is characterized by different designs of facial make-up, so the audience can easily tell what kind of character an actor is performing. Facial make-up, costumes and head-dresses are wonderful works of traditional art.
(杨晓萍供稿）
15.
京剧脸谱来源于生活，常常形容人的脸色的变化，比如说：吓得煞白，臊得通红，晒得漆黑，病得脸色蜡黄等等。脸谱就是把这种夸张的说法，再用夸张的手法画在脸上。用来描写人物的正直、刚烈，常常画红脸，比如关羽。奸险狡诈之人如曹操，常画白脸，而铁面无私的包公形象则用黑脸来代表，等等。(135字）
【参考译文】
Lian Pu, the facial designs of Peking Opera, originated from daily life experience, describing such changes of expression as white for fear, red for shyness, dark for suntan, and sallow for illness. It is the exaggerative display of these expressions painting on the faces of different characters. For instance, red stands for loyal, courageous and upright people, like Guan Yu; white for sinister and cunning people, like Cao Cao; black for just and selfless people, like Bao Gong.
(杨晓萍供稿）
16. 每年农历的正月十五日是元宵节。早在东汉时期它就是一个重大的节日。
元宵主要的活动就是看灯。东汉明帝时期，明帝提倡佛教，听说佛教有正月十五日僧人观佛舍利，点灯敬佛的做法，就命令这一天夜晚在皇宫和寺庙里点灯敬佛。以后这种佛教礼仪节日逐渐形成民间盛大的节日。该节经历了由宫廷到民间，由中原到全国的发展过程。（149字）
猜灯谜也是元宵节的一项重要活动，花灯的主人会将谜面写纸上挂在灯笼上，如果有人可以猜中，将纸撕下，就能得到小小的礼物。这项活动最早起源于宋朝，因为谜语能启迪智慧又饶有兴趣，所以流传过程中深受社会各阶层的欢迎。（103字）
【参考译文】
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 25), it became a festival with great significance.
This day's important activity is watching lanterns. Throughout the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220), Buddhism flourished in China. Emperor Ming heard that Buddhist monks would watch sarira (remains from the cremation of Buddha's body), and light lanterns to worship Buddha on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month, so he ordered to light lanterns in the imperial palace and temples, to show respect to Buddha on this day. Later, the Buddhist rite developed into a grand festival among common people and its influence expanded from the Central Plains to the whole of China.
"Guessing lantern riddles" is an essential part of the Festival. Lantern owners write riddles on a piece of paper and post them on the lanterns. If visitors have solutions to the riddles, they can pull the paper out and go to the lantern owners to check their answer. If they are right, they will get a little gift. The activity can be dated back to the Song Dynasty (960-1279). As riddle guessing is interesting and full of wisdom, it has become popular among all social strata.
17.
近代中国经历了一段积贫积弱、任人宰割的历史。落后就要挨打，这是中国人民从屡遭外来侵略的悲惨经历中得出的刻骨铭心的教训。一个国家只有首先自强，才能在世界上自立。一百多年来，中国人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标进行了不懈努力。中华人民共和国成立后，中国人民自力更生、改革开放、与时俱进，在社会主义建设中取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。（167字）
【参考译文】
China experienced a period of enduring impoverishment and long-standing debility in its modern history and was for a time at the mercy of other countries. Lagging behind leaves one vulnerable to attacks, which is the never-forgotten lesson the Chinese people have learnt from their tragic experience of repeated foreign invasions. A country has to strengthen itself before it can be sure of its place in the world. For over a hundred years, the Chinese people have made unremitting efforts toward the goal of rejuvenating the nation. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese people, through self-reliance, have carried out the national program of reform and opening up and, by keeping pace with the times, have made great achievements in building socialism that have caught the attention of the world.
（张英供稿）
18. 中国是一个有着5000 多年悠久历史的文明古国。长期以来，中国人民以自己的勤劳智慧创造了灿烂的中华文明，为人类文明进步作出了重大贡献。北京就是一座有3000多年悠久历史的文明古城。800多年前北京开始建都。在历史悠久的首都北京，人们就能够生动地感受到中华文明源远流长、博大精深的深厚底蕴，感受到中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进的壮阔历程。（155字）
【参考译文】
China is an ancient civilization with a history of over 5,000 years. The Chinese people have made major contribution to human progress by creating the splendid Chinese civilization with hard work and ingenuity. The city of Beijing, with its long history of over 3,000 years, stands testimony to that effort. Its establishment as the capital city began over 800 years ago. In the time-honored capital, people can feel vividly the long standing and profound richness of the Chinese civilization, and the grand course of historical development that the Chinese nation has followed with a dauntless and dashing spirit.
（张英供稿）
19. 汉字和书法的意义
汉字这一体系和艺术已经流传了几千年，是中华民族的精神体现和书面反映，蕴含着人类最高的文化艺术理想。古人常说文以载道，这话有些道理，简言之，写字可以陶冶情操，完善人格，借以自省，强体健身。无论对文人雅士还是草根大众来说，这都是他们表现自身能力的最重要形式，也体现了他们的精神需求。（143字）
【参考译文】
The significance of Chinese characters and calligraphy
The system of Chinese characters and their artistic tradition have been flowing for thousands of years. They are the spiritual embodiment and textual manifestation of the essence of the Chinese people, and house the culmination of cultural and artistic ideals possessed by mankind. The ancients often said that writing contains the truth. This statement is true in a way; in short, practicing Chinese calligraphy molds sentiment, completes personality, provides tools for self-reflection, and sustains health. It is the most significant form of expression and spiritual requirement of the abilities of both the literati and the masses.
（张志慧供稿）
20.
中国饮食之所以有其独特的魅力，关键就在于它的味。而美味的产生，在于配料、香草和调味品之完美融和，不同的口味交融在一起。中国烹饪讲究调和之美，这是中国烹饪艺术的精要之处。菜点的配料和色彩是外在的东西，而口味却是内在的东西。重内在而不刻意修饰外表，这正是中国饮食文化的最重要的表现。
【参考译文】
The key why Chinese cuisine has the unique glamour lies in its taste. The deliciousness of any dish is created by the perfect blend of ingredients, herbs and condiments---a blend in which all flavors go harmoniously together. The beauty of blend is the essence of Chinese cuisine making. The texture and color of a dish is the external quality that Chinese people are not very meticulous about, and for them, the taste is the internal one, thus, more important quality. This is the most important manifestation of Chinese aesthetic views about food.
（周芬供稿）
第三学期翻译段落：2、4、5、8、14、17、20
第四学期翻译段落：3、6、7、9、10、15、16、18、19
其他段落教师自行安排。
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