Unit 9
Pollution is a Dirty Word
Questions
1. What is the meaning of pollution?
2. Do you know how many forms of pollution existed at present?
3. What is the best way to eliminate pollution proposed by the author?
What's your viewpoint on this matter?
Organization
Language points:
1.lousy --- a. very bad or ill
If you describe someone as lousy, you mean that they are very bad at something they do.
Eg. There can be no argument about how lousy he is at public relations.
If you describe something as lousy you mean that it is of very bad quality or that you do not like it.
Eg. At Billy's Cafe, the menu is limited and the food is lousy.
If you describe the number or amount of something as lousy, you mean it is smaller than you think it should be.
Eg. The pay is lousy.
If you feel lousy, you feel very ill.
Eg. I wasn't actually sick but felt lousy.
Lousy with sth/sb--- having more than enough of sth/sb
Eg. In August the place is lousy with tourist.
He is lousy with money.
2. fume --- n. smoke, gas or vapor that smells strongly
eg. The air was thick with cigar fumes
fume --- v. be very angry
eg. By the time we arrived an hour late she was fuming.
3. laden ---adj. loaded or weighted
(1) If someone or something is laden with a lot of heavy thins, they are holding or carrying them.
eg. The following summer the peach tree was laden with fruit.
(2) If you describe a person or thing as laden with something, particularly something bad, you mean that they have a lot of it.
Eg. We're so laden with guilt.
Many of their heavy industries are laden with debt.
4. consume ---
(1) To consume an amount of fuel, energy, or time means to use it up.
Eg. Some of the most efficient refrigerators consume 70 percent less electricity than traditional models.
(2) If you consume something, you eat or drink it.
Eg. Martha would consume nearly a pound of cheese per day.
(3) If a fire consumes a building, it completely destroys it.
Eg. …the fire which consumed the dwelling.
(4) If a feeling or idea consumes you, it affects you very strongly indeed.
Eg. The memories consumed him.
5. exhaust --- (1) use sth.up completely
eg. exhaust one's patience, strength
exhaust a money supply
(2) make ( a person or an animal )very tired
eg. The long cycle ride exhausted her.
(3) make sth. empty, take out the contents of
eg. to exhaust a well
(4) say, find out, all there is to say about sth.
Her book about tulips exhausted the subject.
6. wear out ---(1) cause sth to become useless
eg. I wore out two pairs of boots on the walking tour.
I have worn out my patience.
(2) tire sb.or oneself
eg. Don't wear yourself out by playing too hard.
The poor woman had not slept all night and was completely worn out.
(3) (of time) pass slowly or without interest; spent time usu. Unpleasantly
eg. Winter wears out more slowly every year.
He has worn out miserable days with patience.
7. unsightly --- adj.not pleasant to look at
If you describe something as unsightly, you mean that it is unattractive to look at.
Eg. The Polish market in Berlin was considered unsightly and shut down.
*-ly---adj. Kindly, friendly, likely, beastly, silly, manly, costly, lonely, lively, ugly, earthly, monthly, brawly
8. dispose of --- (1) get rid of sth. by selling it or giving or throwing it away
eg. While you're cleaning out garage, please dispose of those piles of old newspaper.
(2) destroy (an argument or opponent)
eg. The next speaker quickly disposed of his weak argument.
The experienced politician disposed of the attack in a few minutes.
It did not take long for the old fighter to dispose of his young but inexperienced opponent.
(3) eat or drink sth. until it is finished
eg. Those children certainly disposed of all the food that I prepared for the party.
9. grind on --- move slowly but surely forward; advance little by little
eg. The slow methods of the police ground on until the thieves were caught.
10. bury oneself in sth.--- involve oneself in， concentrate deeply on sth.
eg. In the evenings he buries himself in his books.
11. vicious --- spiteful
A vicious person or a vicious blow is violent and cruel.
Eg. He was a cruel and vicious man.
He suffered a vicious attack by a gang of white youths.
12. foresight --- ability to see what one's future needs are likely to be; careful planning
Someone's foresight is their ability to see what is likely to happen in the future and to take appropriate action.
Eg. They had the foresight to invest in new technology.
He was later criticized for his lack
of foresight.
13. contaminate --- If something is contaminated by dirt, chemicals, or radiation, they make it dirty or harmful.
Eg. Have any fish been contaminated in the Arctic Ocean?
14. smog ---n.[u] mixture of fog & smoke
eg. Smog used to bring London traffic to a standstill.
Cf. fog, mist, haze, smog
Fog, mist and haze are all clouds of water vapor at ground level and above. They indicate different degrees of thickness: fog is the thickest and haze the least thick. Haze also occurs when it is very hot: a heat-haze. Smog is an unhealthy mixture of smoke and fog in the air of some industrial cities.
15. sting --- v. feel sharp pain
eg. My eyes are stinging from the smoke.
The blow made his hand sting.
16. invaluable --- extremely valuable; of value too high to be measured
eg. Your help has been invaluable to us.
17. explode --- (of population) increase suddenly or quickly
(1)If something explodes, it increases suddenly and rapidly in number or intensity.
Eg. The population explodes to 40,00 0 during the tourist season.
Investment by Japanese firms has exploded.
(2) If someone explodes, they express strong feelings suddenly and violently.
Eg. Do you fear that you'll burst into tears or explode with anger in front of her?
(3) If someone explodes a theory or myth, they prove that it is wrong or impossible.
Eg. Such rumors have only recently been exploded.
18. positively -- extremely
eg. He was positively furious when he saw the mess.
19. end up--- reach or come to a certain place, state or action esp.by a lengthy route or process
eg. After much discussion about holidays abroad we ended up in Canada.
20. ingenious --- (of a idea) very clever or original
Something that is ingenious is very clever and involves new ideas, or equipment.
eg. Cautier's solution to the puzzle is ingenious.
20. scrap ---n. waste or unwanted articles, esp. those still of some value for the material they contain
eg. A man comes round regularly collecting scrap.
Cf. scrape
21. come to one's/the rescue--- rescue or help sb.
Eg. The international Monetary Fund came to the rescue when Britain was in financial difficulties.
Let's not wait for somebody to come to our rescue--- let's build a raft.
The dog was chasing our cat when Mary came to the rescue.
22 . must --- n. thing that be done, seen heard, etc
eg. His new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction.
23.shut down --- (cause a factory, etc) to stop working, close
eg. They've shut down their factory.
The workshop has shut down and the workers are unemployed.
24. eliminate --- cf.remove, dismiss, eliminate, expel
Let me remove the stones.
I think I can remove the stains from your coat.
She dismissed the idea.
At last he dismissed the cook.
--- to dismiss a class
--- to eliminate poverty
--- to eliminate the losing team from the competition
Although he claimed that he had left his job voluntarily, he was actually expelled for misconduct.
The student was expelled for cheating.
--- to expel a person from a country
带否定词缀但不表示否定的词语
1. invaluable
Thank you very much for your invaluable help.
Priceless---extremely valuable
He has a large priceless collection of paintings.
Timeless---lasting forever
I will never forget the timeless beauty of the Great Wall.
2. shameless---not feeling suitably ashamed
shameful
What an immodest and shameless person he is!
I thought his behavior shameful.
Unloosen
loosen
He sat down and unloosened his belt.
He loosened his collar.
3. unsay—take back something that has been said
I will never unsay my words.
Unlearn---to deliberately forget something you have learned
It’s difficult to unlearn bad driving habits.
Undress—take the clothes off someone /oneself
He undressed the baby and put her in the bath.
Unlock--- unfasten the lock of
She unlocked the door and then opened it.
4. uneasy---troubled or anxious
We grew uneasy at their long absence.
Unrest--- social and political situation in which people protest and tend to behave violently
In the 30’s there were hunger marches and signs of unrest among the poor an unemployed.
Priceless---very funny
You look priceless in those big trousers.
Indifferent---having no interest in, neither for nor against, not caring for
How can you be so indifferent to the sufferings of these children?
Immaterial---not important in a particular situation
That’s quite immaterial to me.
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