一：PEARL HARBOR SPEECH Franklin Delano Roosevelt
December 8, 1941 To the Congress of the United States: Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with the government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleagues delivered to the Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. While this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. Very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island. This morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. Always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger. With confidence in our armed forces - with the unbounding determination of our people - we will gain the inevitable triumph - so help us God. I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, Dec. 7, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.
要求国会对日本宣战 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福 副总统先生、议长先生、各位参议员和众议员：
昨天，1941年12月7日，将成为我国的国耻日。美利坚合众国遭到了日本帝国海、空军有预谋的突然袭击。 在此之前，美国同日本处于和平状态，并应日本之请同该国政府及天皇谈判，指望维持太平洋区域的和平。 日本空军部队在美国的瓦胡岛。开始轰炸一小时后，日本驻美大使及其同僚居然还向美国国务卿递交正式复函，回答美国最近致日本的一封函件。这份复函虽然声言目前的外交谈判已无继续之必要，但却未有威胁的言词，也没有暗示将发动战争或采取军事行动。 夏威夷岛距日本的距离说明此次袭击显然是许多天前甚至几星期前所策划的，此事将记录在案。在此期间，日本政府有意用虚伪的声明和表示继续保持和平的愿望欺骗美国。 日本昨天对夏威夷群岛的袭击，给美国海、陆军造成了严重的破坏。我遗憾地告诉你们：许许多多美国人被炸死。同时，据报告，若干艘美国船只在旧金山与火奴鲁鲁之间的公海上被水雷击中。 昨天，日本政府还发动了对马来亚的袭击。 昨夜日本部队袭击了香港。 昨夜日本部队袭击了关岛。 昨夜日本部队袭击了菲律宾群岛。 昨夜日本部队袭击了威克岛。 今晨日本人袭击了中途岛。 这样，日本就在整个太平洋区域发动了全面的突然袭击。昨天和今天的情况已说明了事实的真相。美国人民已经清楚地了解到这是关系我国存亡安危的问题。 作为海、陆军总司令，我已指令采取一切手段进行防御。 我们将永远记住对我们这次袭击的性质。 无论需要多长时间去击败这次预谋的侵略，美国人民正义在手，有力量夺取彻底的胜利。 我保证我们将完全确保我们的安全，确保我们永不再受到这种背信弃义行为的危害，我相信这话说出了国会和人民的意志。 大敌当前，我国人民、领土和利益正处于极度危险的状态，我们决不可稍有懈怠。 我们相信我们的军队、我们的人民有无比坚定的决心，因此，胜利必定属于我们。愿上帝保佑我们。 我要求国会宣布：由于日本在1941年12月7日星期日对我国无故进行卑鄙的袭击，美国同日本已经处于战争状态。
背景：
当时欧洲陷于二次世界大战的战火中，但美国仍然不想卷入战争，只对日采取石油禁运，并希望透过谈判，劝阻日本的侵略行动。不过日本决定先发制人，在 1941年12月7日，派出海空军部队，突袭美国位于夏威夷的海军基地--珍珠港 (Pearl Harbor)，结果成功击沉、击毁美国19艘大型舰只，炸毁美国150架飞机，造成 2400多名美国人死亡，伤 1178 人。而日本付出的代价轻微，仅损失飞机 20多架和5艘袖珍潜水艇。 当时的美国总统罗斯福 (Franklin Delano Roosevelt)，在发生突袭后第二日，在国会发表对日宣战的著名演说--珍珠港演说 (Pearl Harbor Speech)。美国人在日本偷袭珍珠港前，对应否加入二次大战存在分歧，偷袭事件激起民愤，结果全国团结起来，支持参战。德国和意大利亦于3日后，对美 国宣战。 二：
三：Brief introduction to the speaker ：
Dwight D. Eisenhower （1890-1969） Turning to politics in 1952, Eisenhower proved to be a successful commander in that field also. After winning the Republican nomination for president he overwhelmingly defeated the Democratic candidate, Adlai E. Stevenson. He thus became the 34th president of the United States and the first Republican president in 20 years.
Soldiers, sailors, and airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force, you are about to embark upon the great crusade towards which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you, the hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you.
In company with our brave allies and brothers in arms on other fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine. The e1imination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed people of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world. Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is wel1-trained, wel1-equipped, and battle-hardened. He will fight savagely But this is the year 1944, much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of 1940, 41. The united nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats in open battle, men to men. Our air offenses have seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our home fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and ammunitions of wan and placed at our disposal, great reserves of trained fighting men. The tide has turned, the free men of the world are marching together to victory
I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full victory! Good luck and let us all beseech the blessing of almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking.
演讲者简介：
二战中，德怀特·艾森豪威尔将军成为历史上最成功的司令官，战后，他又以陆军总司令的工作为自己军事生涯增添光辉。之后，他作了北大西洋公约组织军队的最高司令。1952年，文森豪威尔转而从政，并证明他在政治舞台上同样是一名出色的领袖。在当选共和党候选人之后，他以压倒性多数战胜民主党候选人阿德莱·史蒂文森，成为第三十四位也是共和党二十年来第一位美国总统。
中文翻译：
各位联合远征军的海陆空战士们：
你们马上就要踏上征程去进行一场伟大的圣战，为此我们已精心准备了数月。全世界的目光都注视着你们，各地热爱和平的人们的期望与祈祷伴随着你们。
你们将与其他战线上的英勇盟军及兄弟一起并肩战斗，摧毁德国的战争机器。推翻压在欧洲人民身上的纳粹暴政，保卫我们在一个自由世界的安全。这是一个艰巨的任务。你们的敌人训练有素，装备精良，久经沙场。他们肯定会负隅顽抗。但是现在是1944年。与纳粹1940、41年连连取胜时大不相同。联合国在正面战场予以德军迎头痛击空军削弱了德军的空中力量和陆上战斗能力；后方弹药充足、武器精良、部署得当、后备力量丰富。潮流已经逆转，全世界自由的人们正在一起向胜利迈进。我对你们的勇敢、责任心和作战技巧充满了信心，我们迎接的只会是彻底的胜利。
祝你们好运，并让我们祈求万能的上帝祝福这伟大而崇高的事业获得成功。
四：War Comes to Europe
President Herbert Hoover
Sep, 1st 1939
演讲者简介：当美国选民于1928年选举赫伯特·胡弗，一个世界著名的矿业工程师、作家和战争亲善官，当美国第三十一任总统时，美国的工业和金融业正处繁荣时期。然而，他上任后七个月，全国即被世界性的经济萧条所席卷。胡弗保守的经济政策不适于处理这一危机。他任期届满时，全国已有一千二百万人失业。他因这段艰难岁月受到指责，在1932年大选中败下阵来。
Hello.Fellow Americans of the radio audience,this is one of the saddest weeks that has come to humanity in a hundred years.A senseless war seems inevitably forced upon hundreds of millions of people.The whole world will prays for some miracle that might deliver us.For war means the killing of millions of the best and the most courageous of men who might contribute something to human progress.It means the killing and starvation of millions of women and children.It means another quarter of a century of impoverishment for the whole world.And it will likely be a long war,it is possible that the brave people of Poland may be overrun in a few months,but there seems no point of access from which an overwhelming attack can be delivered from the British and French on one side,to the Germans on the other,which might quickly end this war.It's likely to be a war of slow attrition,and the fate of Poland will depend upon its ending.The air defense of France and England,their greatly superior naval strength,their manpower,resources,their resolution,make it certain that they can defend themselves.And it is true that vast fleets of airplanes on both sides contribute a new and uncertain factor,but there is nothing which proves that even the superiority in airplanes can win the war.And while assurances have been given that there will be no bombing of women and children,there may come a time of desperation when all restraints go to the winds.It's likely to be the most barbarous war that we have ever known.
This situation in the world today in not the act of the German people themselves it's the act of a group who hold them in subjection.The whole Nazi system is repugnant to the American people.The most of American sympathy will be to the democracies,but whatever our sympathies are,we cannot solve the problems of Europe.American must keep out of this war.The president and the congress should be supported in their every efforts to keep us out.We can keep out,if we have:the resolute national will to do so.We can be of more service to Europe and to humanity if we preserve the vitality and strength of the United States for use in the period of peace,which must sometime come.And we must keep out if we are to preserve for civilization the very foundations of democracy and of free men.
收音机前的美国同胞们：这是近百年来人类最悲痛的一个星期。一场毫无意义的战争加强到了亿万人民头上。整个世界仍在祈求奇迹出现，拯救众生。因为战争意味着数百万可能为人类进步作出贡献的最优秀、最勇敢的栋梁之材的牺牲；意味着数百万妇女儿童惨遭屠戮、饥饿而死；意味着本世纪接下来的二十五年全世界范围内的资源枯竭、陷入贫穷。这极有可能是一场旷日持久的战争。几个月后，勇敢的波兰人民或许就会遭人蹂躏，但无论是英法方面，还是德国方面看来都没有绝对的优势可以尽快结束这场战争。这场消耗战将决定波兰的命运。英国和法国牢固的空中防御、强大的海上力量的人力物力和不屈不挠的精神，确保了他们自己的能力。但同时，双方庞大的战机队，也给战争带来了新的和不确定的因素。当然,战争的胜负不仅仅取决于空中的力量。虽然双方都保证绝不将炸弹投向妇孺，然而一旦双方都毫无顾忌时，可怕的日子将随之而来。这将会是我们所知道的最残酷的一场战争。
当今社会的形势不是由德国人民本身，而是由统治德国的那伙人造成的。整个纳粹体制令我们深恶痛绝。绝大多数的美国人都赞成民主体制。可是不论我们赞成什么，都不能解决欧洲的问题：美国应该置身于战争之外，只要全国人民意志坚定。如果将美国的生机和力量用于必将到来的和平,我们就能为欧洲和人类作出更大的贡献。为了我们的文明而捍卫民主与自由，我们也必须置身战争。
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