英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后(主语+谓语)。把谓语动词放在主语之前(谓语+主语),就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;如果只把助动词或be动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。基本语序(naturalorder):
主语+谓语+宾语(subject+predicate+object)IloveEnglish.
完全倒装(fullinversion谓语+主语
Herecametheheadmaster.部分倒装(partialinversion助动词/情态动词+主语+动词NervewillIforgiveyou.一、完全倒装>>>>
1.Therebe结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。Therestoodadogbeforehim.
Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.例题:
________abeautifulpalace________thefootofthehill.A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;underC.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;at
2(1.在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。句式:副词+vi+名词主语
“Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be,go,lie,run+主语"结构。Herecomestheoldlady!
Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.Nowcomesyourturn.
如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变,不用倒装。如:Hereyouare.Thereshecomes.
(2.表示方向的副词out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:IncameMr.White.
Upwentthearrowintotheair.Awaywenttheboy.
题:There________.Andhere________.
A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;issheC.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comeshe
3.当表示地点的介词词组(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等在句首时。
句式:介词短语+vi+主语(必须是名词)
如:Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.Eastofthelakelietwotowns.
Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.
注意:在上述句子中,如果主语为人称代词,则主、谓不需要倒装。Inhecameandbackhewentagain.
4."分词(代词+be+主语"结构。
Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.
题:________,amanofachievements,deepthoughts,butwithsimplehabits.A.EinsteinwassuchB.SuchwasEinsteinC.EinsteinwassoD.SowasEinstein
________arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.A.GoneB.GoC.TogoD.Going
5,某些表语位于句首,保持句子平衡,以强调表语.句式:表语+系动词+主语(必须是名词)
1表语为介词短语
AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.2表语为形容词
PresentatthemeetingwereMrWhiteandmanyotherguests.3表语为过去分词
Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.4表语为进行时态中的现在分词Lyingonthefloorwasaboy.
Standingbesidethedeskwasateacher.二、部分倒装>>>>
部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。1.句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。
这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom(很少,不常),rarely(很少,罕有),hardly,scarcely(几乎不,简直没有)