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语言学第四章课后练习

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8.Thefollowingphrasesincludeahead,acomplement,andinsomecasesaspecifier.Drawtheappropriatetreestructureforeachphrases.a.richinminerals
AP
APP
PNP
N
Richinminerals

b.oftenreaddetectivestories
VPQualVNP
AN
Oftenreaddetectivestories
c.theargumentagainsttheproposalsNP
NPPP
DetNPNP
DetN
theargumentagainsttheproposals
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.
d.alreadyabovethewindow
PP
QualPNP
DetN
alreadyabovethewindow
9.Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier(s,thendrawthetreestructures.
a.Acrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecaution.InflP(S

NPInflVP
VNPPPDetAPNNonepst
DetNPNPA
APNA
Acrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecaution
b.Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.
InflP(s
NPInflVP
DetAPNVPP
PNPA
DetAPN
A
Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky
C.Themanexaminedhiscarcarefullyyesterday.
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.


InflP（S）

NPinflVP
DetNpstVNPAdvAdvDetN
Themanexaminedhiscarcarefullyyesterday
d.Awoodenhutnearthelakecollapsedinthestorm.InflP(S

NPInflVP
DetAPNPPVPP
PNPPNP
DetNDetN
Awoodenhutneatthelakecollapsedinthestorm
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.

10.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences.
a.Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.InflP(=S

NPＶＰ
AuxVNPN
DetANP
NCONN
Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants
or
InflP(=S

NPＶＰ
AuxVNPN
DetANP
NCONN
Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants

b.Helenputonherclothesandwentout.
InflP(=S
NPVP
VPCONVP
VPNPVAdv
VPDetN
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.

HelenputonherclothesandwentoutOR
InflP(=S
NPInflVPpst
VPCONVP
VPNPVAdv
VPDetN
Helenputonherclothesandwentout
c.Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.InflP(=S
NPVP
VPCONVPN
VPNPVPNP
VAPNVAPN
Maryisfondofliteraturebut(istiredofstatistics
OR
InflP(=S
Infl
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.
NPVPnonpst
VPCONVPN
VPNPVPNP
VAPNVAPN
Maryisfondofliteraturebut(istiredofstatistics

11.Thefollowingsentencesallcontaincontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.

a.YouknowthatIhatewar.S
NPVP
NVCP
CS

NPVPN
VNPN
YouknowthatIhatewatOR
S
NPInflVP
NNonpstVCP
CS

NPVP
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.
N
VNPN
YouknowthatIhatewatb.GerrybelievesthefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.S
NPVP
NVPNP
NPCPVCS
DetNNPVP
NVNP
DetAN
GerrybelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam
c.ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.
S
NPVP
NVACP
CS
NPVP
DetNVNPNPNDetN
ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimRolls-Royce
d.Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.S
NPVP
DetNVPCP
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a

.
VPCS
NPVP
NVNP
N
Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings12.
a.Theessaythathewrotewasexcellent.
Deepstructure
CP
CS
NPVP
DetNCPVAP
CSDegP
NPInflVPVNP
NN
TheessayhewrotethatwastoolongSurfacestructure
CP
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.

CS
NPVP
DetNCPVAP
CSDegP
NPNPInflVPVNP
NNN
Theessaythathewroteewastoolong
b.Hebertboughtahousethatsheloved.
Deepstructure
CP
CS
NPVP
NInflVNP
DetNCP
CS

NPInflVP
NVNP
N

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.
HebertboughtahouseshelovedthatSurfacestructureCP
CS
NPVP
NInflVNP
DetNCP
CS

NPNPInflVP
NNVNP
N
Hebertboughtahousethatshelovede
c.Thegirlwhomheadoresmajorsinlinguistics.Deepstructure
CP
CS
NPVP
DetNCPVPP
CInflSPNP
NPVPNPNVN
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.
Thegirlheadoreswhommajorsinlinguistics
SurfacestructureCP
CS
NPVP
DetNCPVPP
CInflSPNP
NPNPVPNPNNVN
Thegirlwhomheadoresemajorslinguistics13.
a.Wouldyoucometomorrow?DeepstructureCP
CS
NPVP
NInflVAdvP
Adv
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in
.

YouwouldcometomorrowSurfacestructureCP
CS
InflNPVP
NInflVAdvP
Adv
wouldyouecometomorrow
b.WhatdidHelenbringtotheparty?
DeepstructureCP
CS
NPVP
InflVNPPPN
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.
NPNPDetN
Helendidbringwhattotheparty
Surfacestructure
CP
NPCS
NInfl
NPVP
InflVNPPPN
NPNPDetN
WhatdidHelenebringetotheparty
c.Whobrokethewindow?Deepstructure
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.

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