(1) LED
(light emitting diode) are devices designed to efficiently convert electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation, most of which is visible to the human eye.
(2) “Red” laser diode
is a solid state electronics component that produces an intense beam of visible light with wavelengths of 630 to 700 nanometers (nm) in the red portion of the visible spectrum.
(3) InGaAsP
belongs to the InGaAsP quaternary system that consists of alloys of indium arsenide (InAs), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP), and gallium phosphide (GaP)
(4) “Electrical carriers” in an active p-n junction area
are the holes in the P-type region and the electrons in the N-type region which are pushed or pulled toward the junction (5) In an LED the spontaneous emission process produces photons with
energy hv=E2-E1 in a random direction.
(6) In a stimulated emission process a photon with a certain energy, direction of propagation, and phase causes production of
(在受激发射过程具有一定能量的光子，传播方向，和相位产生导致）：an incoming photon Of energy hv=E2-E1 stimulating the whole emission process by inducing the electron ant E2 to transit down to E1.
不考(7) A Fabry-Perot optical cavity supports several standing waves with
(8) Modal dispersion (模式色散）：is a distortion mechanism occurring in multimode fibers and other waveguides, in which the signal is spread in time because the propagation velocity of the optical signal is not the same for all modes.
(9) The refractive index profile of graded-index multimode fiber is
(10) Polarization-preserving fibers are
is a single-mode optical fiber in which linearly polarized light, if properly launched into the fiber, maintains a linear polarization during propagation, exiting the fiber in a specific linear polarization state; there is little or no cross-coupling of optical power between the two polarization modes. Such fiber is used in special applications where preserving polarization is essential.
(11) The fiber polarizer guides
light of a specific polarization
(12) LEDs 重
(13) DFB Laser
a type of laser diode, quantum cascade laser or optical fibre laser where the active region of the device is periodically structured as a diffraction grating.
(14) CD player
is an electronic device that plays audio compact discs. CD players are often a part of home stereo systems, car audio systems, and personal computers.
(15) “Red” laser diode 重
(16) Differential effect is defined as
difference in photons arriving at orbiting dust particles. Photons that originate from the limb that is rotating away from the particle are red-shifted, while photons emitted from the limb rotating toward the particle are blue-shifted.
(17) The decreasing rate of the differential effect for most LDs is about
(18) A GRIN Lens自聚焦透镜、渐变折射率透镜is columnar optical lens whose refractive index distributes along the radial gradient.It has the function of focusing and imaging.
(19) GaAlAs
is a semiconductor material with very nearly the same lattice constant as GaAs, but a larger bandgap. The x in the formula above is a number between 0 and 1 - this indicates an arbitrary alloy between GaAs and AlAs.
(20) InGaAsP 重3
Part one and part two
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