英语高考宾语从句考点解析

宾语从句

（讲解部分由李璇、李婷婷整理；综合题部分由周丽丽整理）

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语。

考点一、 宾语从句的种类

宾语从句的引导词有：that, if, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how

   根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

例如：

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

注意：引导词that用于下列情况是不能省略；

(1) 当宾语从句的主语是that时。如: He says that that is a useful book.

(2) 当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如: I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.

(3) 当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可省略外，其余从句中的that都不能省略。如: He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it vey much.

2. 由以下引导词引导的宾语从句：who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how。这些引导词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

Could you tell me what to do then?

I want to know which one you prefer.

I’m wondering how I can get to the nearest park.

He asked me when to finish the job.

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

例如：

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

注：只能用whether不能用if的情况：

(1) if不能和not连用。如：I don’t know whether or not he will come.

(2) 在介词后引导宾语从句时要用whether，不用if。如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money.

(3) 和不定式连用引导宾语从句时要用whether不用if。如：I wonder whether to go.

(4) discuss，decide后只能用whether不用if。如：We discussed whether we should close the shop.

考点二、 宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。

例如：

I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.

I think (that) you will like this school soon.

I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.

He asked me where he could get such medicine.

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

考点三、 宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态由从句的时间状语决定。

例如：

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

I think I will do better in English this term.

I’m interested in what he has said.

I remember he gave me a book yesterday.

He has told me he will leave for New York tomorrow.

I’ll tell you what I am doing.

I am going to ask who can help me.

He’ll remember what he has been taught.

2. 如果主句的时态是过去时，宾语从句时态也要用相对应的过去的时态：

1）从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作，则用过去时或过去进行时。

例如：

I thought he was old.

He asked what time it was.

He wanted to know who she was waiting for.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。

例如：

He said that he had finished reading the book.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时。

例如：

She said that she was going to buy a new bike next week.

I wasn’t sure if it would rain.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

3. 从句表示普遍真理、客观事实时，其谓语动词用一般现在时。

例如：

The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth.

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

考点四、 宾语从句的否定转移

当主句的主语是第一人称We/I, 且谓语动词为think/suppose/expect/ believe/ imagine等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

例如：

I don’t think you are right.

I don’t believe she will take part in the English evening.

He doesn’t suppose it will come true one day.

The mother doesn’t expect that his son would be successful.

He can’t imagine what had happened.

考点五、 宾语从句的简化

当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope/wish/decide等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。

例如：

I hope that I can receive your e-mail.= I hope to receive your e-mail.

I wish that I could be a teacher one day.= I wish to be a teacher one day.

I decide that I will try my best to help him.=I decide to try my best to help him.

当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know/remember/forget/learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

例如：

She doesn’t know what she should do next.= She doesn’t know what to do next.

动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语，seem作谓语。

例如：

It seems that football is very interesting.= Football seems to be very interesting.

宾语从句可简化为名词或名词短语。

例如：

I don’t believe what Tom said.= I don’t believe Tom’s words.

例题：

1. He said________ he could finish his work before supper.(1998年武汉市)

A. if B. what C. that D. whether

2. —Do you know _______ I could pass the exam?

　 —Sorry，I’ve no idea.(2003年山西省)

　 A. that B. whether C. what D. which

3. These pictures will show you__________.(2003年盐城市)

　A. what does our hometown look like

　B. what our hometown looks like

　C. how does our hometown look like

　D. how our hometown looks like

4. He asked his teacher________.(2003年南通市)

　A. if there was a monster in Loch Ness

　B. when was Albert Einstein born

　C. how would the scientists find out the result

　D. where could he find the library

5. Jim doesn’t understand________.(2003年辽宁省)

　A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping

　C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping

6. —When are the Shutes leaving for New York?

　 —Pardon?

　 —I asked________.(2003年呼和浩特市)

　A. when are the Shutes leaving for New York

　B. when the Shutes are leaving for New York

　C. when were the Shutes leaving for New York

　D. when the Shutes were leaving for New York

7. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25________ Christmas Day.(2002年辽宁省)

　A.is B. was C. has been D. will be

8. —Could you tell us how long_____?

　 —About three days.(2003年陕西省)

　　A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last

　　C. will the sports meeting last D. the sports meeting will last

9. Do you know if ______ back next week? If he_______ back，please let me know.(2002年黑龙江省)

　A. he comes，will come B. will he come，comes

　C. he will come，comes D. will he come，will come

10. The old lady found out where she could buy fruit cheaply.(改为同义句)(2003年广州市)

　　The old lady found out ____ ___ ___fruit cheaply.

11. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002. (北京市中考试题)

  A. where does she live       B. Where she lives

  C. where did she live        D. where she lived

12.I don’t know when __________. (哈尔滨市中考试题)

  A. will the train leave         B. the train will leave

  C. would the train leave       D. the train leave

13.---We don’t know _____________.(常州市中考试题)

  ---It is said that he was born in Sweden.

  A. what he is                  B. if he lives here

  C. where he comes from         D. which country is he from

14. My friend asked me, “Do you help your parents with the housework on weekdays?”(改写句子，句意不变)（09济南）

My friend asked me ___ I ___ my parents with the housework on weekdays.

15. “Put your school bag on the desk.” Mother said to Jack.(改为间接引语)(09乌兰察布)

Mother told Jack ___ ___ his school bag on the desk.

16. Alice didn’t know how she could draw horses well. (改为同义句)(06重庆)

Alice didn’t know how ___ ___ horses well.

17. I wondered what I should do next. (改为同义句)(06重庆)

I wondered what ___ ___ next.

Keys:1-5 C B B A B 6-10 D A D C; where to buy 11-15 D B C; if, help; to, put 16-17 to, draw; to, do;

宾语从句

【中考范例】

1. (2004年北京市中考试题)

Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002.

A. where does she live B. Where she lives

C. where did she live D. where she lived

2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)

Would you please tell me ________?

A. when did he come home

B. where he would play football

C. if he had seen the film

D. why he didn’t watch the game

3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)

I don’t know when __________.

A. will the train leave B. the train will leave

C. would the train leave D. the train leave

4. (2004年常州市中考试题)

---We don’t know _____________.

---It is said that he was born in Sweden.

A. what he is B. if he lives here

C. where he comes from D. which country is he from

答案：DDBC

【满分演练】

一. 单项填空

1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?

A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do

C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did

2. I want to know_________.

A. what is his name B. what’s his name

C. that his name is D. what his name is

3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?

A. that B. whether C. what D. which

4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.

A. which is the way to the museum

B. why his wife always goes shopping

C. what is the way to the museum

D. why does she always go shopping

5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?

A. that B. whose C. who D. which

6. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.

A. when does his son come home

B. when his son comes home

C. when did his son come home

D. when his son came home

7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?

A. how does he mend B. how he mends

C. how he mended D. how did he mend

8. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?

---Usually it comes by 4: 00.

A. how B. where C. when D. what

9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?

---Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.

A. how we can get to the post office

B. how can we get to the post office

C. how get to the post office

D. how could we get to the post office

10. ---Can I help you?

---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?

A. how soon will it B. how soon it will

C. how long it will D. how long will it

11. He wanted to know ___________.

A. whether he speaks at the meeting

B. when the meeting would start

C. what he’s going to do at the meeting

D. where would the meeting be held

12. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?

---The day after tomorrow, I think.

A. when will you visit B. when you will visit

C. when would you visit D. when you would visit

13. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang?

A. what should we do B. we should do what

C. what we should do D. should we do what

14. You can’t imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

15. I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.

A. that B. when C. where D. whether

16. ---Could you tell me ____________?

---Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meeting.

A. what does he say at the meeting

B. what did he say at the meeting

C. what he says at the meeting

D. what he said at the meeting

17. ---Could you tell me _________ last night?

---Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.

A. what you were doing B. what were you doing

C. what you are doing D. what are you doing

18. The teacher asked the students __________.

A. if they were interested in dinosaurs

B. when was Albert Einstein born

C. what they will do with the computers

D. how many trees they have planted

19. Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.

A. they had had B. have they had

C. they have had D. had they had

20. It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.

A. how B. why C. that D. when

二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子

1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。

Li Ming says _______ _______ interested in playing computer games.

2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。

I don’t think Mary ______ ______.

3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。

Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai.

4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？

Could you tell me _______ I can get to the Bell Tower?

5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer..

6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。

I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing.

7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？

Do you know ______ _______ a double room ______?

8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？

Could you tell me ______ ______ we’re going to be away?

9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。

Uncle said that he ______ _______ a new novel.

10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。

Jack said he _______ something important to do.

【练习答案】

一. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.A

二. 1.he is 2.will come 3.was leaving 4.how 5.had bought 6.if (whether) 7.how much 8.how long 9.was writing 10.had

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