1）Tiangong-1 launch betrays China’s earthly ambitions
1) 迈克尔·希恩 2) 斯望西大学
2）By Professor Michael Sheehan Swansea University
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3)The successful launch of the Tiangong-1 space station by
1）geopolitical [,dʒi:əupə'litikl] adj. 地理政治学的 2）意义；重要性；意思
China is an event of huge geopolitical significance , just as the
1）orbit ['ɔ:bit] n. 轨道；眼眶；势力范围；生活常规 vi. 盘旋；绕轨道运行 vt. 绕…轨道而行2)astronaut ['æstrənɔ:t] n. 宇航员，航天员；太空旅行者
orbiting of China’s first astronaut was in 2003.
4）It can be argued that China’s achievements, though
1）adj. 感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的 2）demonstrate ['demənstreit] vt. 证明；展示；论证vi. 示威 3）lag [læɡ] n. 落后；迟延；防护套；囚犯；桶板vt. 落后于；押往监狱；加上外套vi. 滞后；缓缓而行；蹒跚adj. 最后的
Impressive, only demonstrate how far China lags behind Russia and the US.
1）毕竟；终究 2）cosmonaut ['kɔzmə,nɔ:t] n. （俄）宇航员（等于astronaut）
5）Russia after all launched its first cosmonaut in 1961 and its
landmark ['lændmɑ:k] n. 陆标，地标；里程碑；地界标；划时代的事
first space station in 1971. The US achieved these landmarks in
tonne [tʌn] n. [计量] 公吨（1，000公斤，等于metric ton）[ 复数tonnes 或 tonne ]
1962 and 1973, and , at just over eight tonnes, Tiangong-1 is
skylab ['skailæb] n. 太空实验室
smaller than the American Skylab station lauched in 1973.
6）n.[航]陆标，地标；[建]里程碑；[地理][测]地界标；划时代的事Placemark, checkpost
n.[计量]公吨（1，000公斤，等于metric ton）millier, metric tons
But to focus on the 40-year gap is to ignore what lies behind
太空计划
China’s space programme, and the Chinese governments’
1）series ['siəri:z, -riz] n. 系列，连续 2）dramatic adj. 戏剧的；引人注目的；激动人心的
determination to achieve a series of dramatic space objectives
1）confirm [kən'fə:m] vt. 确认；确定；证实；批准；使巩固 2）status ['steitəs, 'stæ-] n. 地位；状态；情形；重要身分 3）superpower n. 超级大国；超级强权
that will confirm the country’s status as a new superpower.
7）The space programme also offers clues to the thinking behind
strategic [strə'ti:dʒik] adj. 战略上的，战略的
strategic management 战略管理，策略管理；企业战略管理
strategic alliance 战略联盟（两家公司的合作安排，两者决定分享资源，互补长短）；策略联盟
strategic planning 公共建筑物的长远规划；策略计划
strategic goal 战略目标
strategic partnership [政治]战略伙伴关系
strategic position 战略地位；策略位置
strategic location 战略位置；关键部分
strategic decision 战略决策
strategic target 战略目标
strategic plan 战略规划；战略性计划
strategic thinking 战略思维；战略思想；策略性思考
strategic objective 战略目标
strategic direction 战略方向；策略性指示；战略指挥
strategic point 战略点
strategic model 策略模型；策略模式
strategic reserve 战略储备
strategic group 战略组；策略组群
strategic flexibility 战略柔性，战略弹性；策略灵活性
strategic missile 战略导弹
strategic control 战略控制；策略控制
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China’s long-term foreign policy goals and its strategic logic.
8）Reaching for the stars
9）Tiangong forms just one part of a much broader Chinese
exploration [,eksplɔ:'reiʃən] n. 探测；探究；踏勘
exploration and development 勘探与开发
geological exploration 地质勘探；地质勘察；地质勘测
seismic exploration [工程]地震探查
oil exploration 石油勘探
space exploration 太空探索；空间探索；外层空间探索
mineral exploration 矿产勘探
geophysical exploration 地球物理勘探
exploration stage 探索阶段；探究阶段
exploration drilling 钻探；[经]勘探钻井
exploration right 探矿权；勘探权；试采权
offshore exploration 海上勘探，近海勘探
exploration geochemistry 勘查地球化学
exploration geophysics 勘探地球物理学；探测地球物理学
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n.探测；探究；踏勘inquiry, detection, search
space exploration programme.
1）pot [pɔt] n. 壶；盆；罐vt. 把…装罐；射击；节略vi. 随手射击 2）satellite ['sætəlait] n. 卫星；人造卫星；随从；卫星国家 3）orbit ['ɔ:bit] n. 轨道；眼眶；势力范围；生活常规
10）In 2007 China pot the Chang-e satellite into orbit around the
survey [sə:'vei, 'sə:vei, sə-] n. 调查；测量；审视；纵览vt. 调查；勘测；俯瞰vi. 测量土地
questionnaire survey 问卷调查
survey data 测量数据，测量资料
field survey n. 实地调查；实地考察
geological survey 地质调查；地质勘查；地质测量
market survey 市场调查
general survey 综合评述；一般检验
sample survey 抽样检查；先行甸；样品鉴定
survey method 调查法，鉴定法
survey report 检验报告
sampling survey 抽样调查；样本甸
engineering survey 工程测量
make a survey 做调查；进行测量，勘察
seismic survey 地震勘测
survey result 调查结果
survey research 调查研究
detailed survey 详细调查；详细勘测；碎部测量
brief survey 简短的调查；简单的调查
geologic survey 地质调查，地质勘探；地质测量；地质调查所
epidemiological survey 流行病学调查；列病学甸
land survey 土地测量
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n.调查；测量；审视；纵览investigation, measurement, probe, research
vt.调查；[测][油气]勘测；俯瞰examine, check into
Moon . It surveyed the Moon for two years before being
deliberately [di'libərətli] adv. 故意地；谨慎地；慎重地
deliberately crashed into the lunar surface in March 2009 as part
robotic [rəu'bɔtik] adj. 机器人的，像机器人的；自动的
of China’s research into developing a robotic craft to return
mission ['miʃən] n. 使命，任务；代表团；布道vt. 派遣；向……传教
lunar samples, a mission likely to take place around 2014.
rover ['rəuvə] n. 漫游者；流浪者；漂泊者 lunar rover月球车（用于探测月球表面，等于 moon car）
11）In 2017 China is due to land a lunar rover and there are
1）manned [mænd] adj. 有人驾驶的；有人操纵的；配备齐船员的v. 给…配备人员（man的过去分词） 2）lunar base月球基地
longer term plans for a manned lunar base. In 2013 Yinghuo-1, a
1）joint [dʒɔint] n. 关节；接缝；接合处，接合点；（牛，羊等的腿）大块肉adj. 共同的；连接的；联合的，合办的vt. 连接，贴合；接合；使有接头vi. 贴合；生节 2）probe [prəub] n. 探针；调查vi. 调查；探测vt. 探查；用探针探测
knee joint 膝关节；弯头结合
welded joint 焊缝；焊接节点
joint stock 合股
welding joint 焊接接头；焊接接合
butt joint 对接；对接接头
joint effort 共同努力
sino-foreign joint venture n. 中外合资企业；中外合资经营
expansion joint 伸缩缝；补偿器；伸缩接头；膨胀节或缝
hip joint 髋关节
joint action 联合行动；[机]接合动作；接合作用
joint venture enterprise 合资企业
universal joint 万向节；万向接头
joint stock company 股份公司
joint statement 联合声明
solder joint 软焊接合；钎焊接头
joint operation 联合经营；同时操作
weld joint 焊缝
joint investment 联合投资
ankle joint 踝关节
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n.[解剖]关节；[建]接缝；接合处，接合点；（牛，羊等的腿）大块肉seam, junction
adj.共同的；连接的；联合的，合办的mutual, corporate, common, linked, connected
vt.连接，贴合；[建]接合；使有接头cement, piece, couple
joint Chinese-Russian robot probe to Mars, will be launched.
1）载人航天项目 2）crucial ['kru:ʃəl] adj. 重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的
12）The manned space programme is crucial to achieving China’s long-term political goals.
astronaut ['æstrənɔ:t] n. 宇航员，航天员；太空旅行者n.[航]宇航员，航天员；太空旅行者cosmonaut, spaceman
13）The successful orbiting of a “taikonaut” (Chinese astronaut )
assertion [ə'sə:ʃən] n. 断言，声明；主张，要求；坚持
in 2003 was a dramatic assertion of China’s rise. China became only the third country in hisotry to orbit one of its own
domestic [dəu'mestik] adj. 国内的；家庭的；驯养的；一心只管家务的
astronauts using a domestic launch technology.
60吨重的空间站
14）China plans to orbit its own 60-tonne space station by 2020 and the purpose of the series of smaller Tiangong stations is to
1) expertise [,ekspə:'ti:z] n. 专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见 2) dock [dɔk] n. 码头；船坞；被告席；尾巴的骨肉部分vt. 使靠码头；剪短vi. 入船坞 3) manoeuvre [mə'nu:və] vi. 调动；演习；用策略vt. 诱使；操纵；耍花招n. 策略（等于maneuvre）
dock in 进坞
loading dock n. 码头；灌油码头；装货码头
in the dock 在受审
dry dock 干船坞
floating dock n. 浮动船坞
in dry dock 失业
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n.[水运]码头；[船]船坞；被告席；尾巴的骨肉部分landing, pier
vt.使靠码头；剪短crop, bob
develop expertise in docking manoeuvres and longer tern human spaceflight.
essential [i'senʃəl] adj. 基本的；必要的；本质的；精华的n. 本质；要素；要点；必需品
essential oil 香精油，精油
essential condition 必要条件
essential hypertension 原发性高血压；特发性高血压
essential element 必需元素
essential component 主要部件；主要成分
essential difference 本质区别
essential requirements 基本要求；基本规范
essential amino acid 必需氨基酸
essential nutrients 基本营养物；必需营养素（essential nutrient的复数形式）
essential qualities 固有性；本质（essential quality 的复数）
essential point 本质点
essential information [计]基本信息
be essential for 对…必不可少的
essential drugs 基本药物
essential mineral 知矿物；主成份矿物；基本矿物
essential fatty acid 必需脂肪酸
essential parameter 基本参数；本质参数
essential water 组成水份
essential goods 主要货物；必需品
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adj.基本的；必要的；本质的；精华的elementary, fundamental, basic, necessary, primary
n.本质；要素；要点；必需品element, principle, entity, necessity, requirement, texture
15）The Tiangong-1 is an essential step toward the goal of building a space station.
16）Going it alone
17）China is the only country currently building a space station by itself, and with a clear plan to land humans on the moon.
18）The US , Russia, Japan, Canada and Europe are
1)collaborating [kə'læbəreitiŋ] n. 合作；协作v. 合作（collaborate的ing形式）；协调 2) partly ['pɑ:tli] adv. 部分地；局部的在一定程度上
partly cloudy 局部多云；少云
adv.部分地；在一定程度上half
collaborate with 合作；通敌；与敌人合作
n.合作；协作co-operation, synergism
v.合作（collaborate的ing形式）；协调co-operating, teaming
collaborating on the International Space Station, partly in order to share costs. China’s determination to put its own space station
1) strengthen ['streŋθən, 'streŋkθən] vt. 加强；巩固vi. 变强；变坚挺 2) veto ['vi:təu] n. 否决权vt. 否决；禁止vi. 否决；禁止
strengthen environmental protection 加强环境保护
strengthen the awareness 提高意识；强化意识
strengthen unity 加强团结
strengthen discipline 加强纪律
vt.加强；巩固enhance, cement, muscle, build up
vi.变强；变坚挺breeze up
into orbit has only been strengthened by the US’s vetoing of its
ISS 国际空间站(The International Space Station)
repeated attempts to join the ISS.
19）China is in the same situation as the US in the 1960s , where the space programme plays a central role in achieving national political and technological goals.
20）It wants its space successes to reflect China’s ambitions, rather than being shared with other states.
reverse [ri'və:s] vt. 颠倒；倒转
21)And President Obama’s decision last year to reverse the
resume [ri'zju:m, -'zu:m] vt. 重新开始；重新获得
Bush administration’s decision to resume manned lunar
1)expedition [,ekspi'diʃən] n. 远征；探险队；迅速 2)commit [kə'mit] vt. 犯罪，做错事；把...交托给；指派…作战；使…承担义务
fishing expedition 审前盘问；非法调查
n.远征；探险队；迅速velocity, speed
expeditions has left China as the only country committed to
medium ['mi:diəm, -djəm] adj. 中间的，中等的；半生熟的n. 方法；媒体；媒介；中间物
achieving this goal in the medium term---it is likely to achieve the goal soom after 2020.
1) fruitful ['fru:tful] adj. 富有成效的；多产的；果实结得多的 2) collaboration [kə,læbə'reiʃən] n. 合作；勾结；通敌
in collaboration with 与…勾结；与…合作
collaboration diagram 协作图
n.合作；勾结；通敌synergism, co-operation
22）It will do this thanks to fruitful collaboration with the
capsule ['kæpsju:l] n. 胶囊；[植] 蒴果；太空舱；小容器
Russian and European space industries----the Chinese capsule is
1)identical [ai'dentikəl] adj. 同一的；完全相同的n. 完全相同的事物 2) 俄罗斯“联盟”号 3) despite [di'spait] prep. 尽管，不管n. 轻视；憎恨；侮辱
identical with 与…相同
identical twin n. 同卵双生，全等双生
adj.[数]同一的；完全相同的self, same
almost identical to the Russian Soyuz—and despite US
1) restriction [ri'strikʃən] n. 限制；约束；束缚 2) vi. 转让；转学；换车
restrictions on transferring space technology to China.
intent [in'tent] n. 意图；目的；含义
23）Statement of intent
rendezvous ['rɔndivu:, -dei-] n. 约会；约会地点；集结地
24）The Tiangong station will see a number of rendezvous
mission ['miʃən] n. 使命，任务；代表团；布道
missions in the next two years.The unmanned Shenzhou-8
1)spacecraft ['speiskrɑ:ft, -kræft] n. [航] 宇宙飞船，航天器 2) space docking空间对接
spacecraft will aim to achieve China’s first space docking with
1)manoeuvre [mə'nu:və] vi. 调动；演习；用策略vt. 诱使；操纵；耍花招n. 策略（等于maneuvre） docking manoeuvres对接演习 2)
the Tiangong-1 station, with docking manoeuvres controlled from the ground.
25）In 2012 Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-10---the two other
schedule ['ʃədju:əl] vt. 安排，计划；编制目录；将……列入计划表n. 时间表；计划表；一览表
spaceships scheduled to dock with Tiangong-1-are set to carry
crew [kru:] n. 队，组；全体人员，全体船员
crews of two or three to the Tiangong space laboratory. These may include China’s first female astronauts. ['æstrənɔ:t]
26）The true significace of Tiangong-1 is that it is a statement of
status ['steitəs, 'stæ-] n. 地位；状态；情形；重要身分
China’s intent to achieve superpower status.
acquisition [,ækwi'ziʃən] n. 获得物，获得
data acquisition 数据采集
data acquisition system 数据采集系统；资料获取系统
language acquisition 语言习得
land acquisition 土地征用
merger and acquisition 收购兼并；兼并与收购
knowledge acquisition 知识获取；知识习得；知识获得；知识采集
information acquisition 信息获取；信息采集
acquisition time 收集时间
target acquisition 自标探测，目标获取
acquisition cost 取得成本；购置成本
acquisition and merger 兼并
acquisition of land 收购土地
acquisition of assets 购置资产；资产的取得
data acquisition unit 数据采集器
acquisition agreement 收购协议
acquisition price 购置价格
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n.获得物，获得getting, procurement, winning
27）Chinese acquisition of new technologies such as aircraft
satellite ['sætəlait] n. 卫星；人造卫星；随从；卫星国家 anti-satellite system 反卫星系统
carriers, high-speed trains, anti-satellite systems and so on is not
1)intrinsic [in'trinsik,-kəl] adj. 本质的，固有的 2) possess [pə'zes] vt. 控制；使掌握；持有；迷住
possess oneself 自制，镇静
possess someone of something 使某人拥有某物
possess of 拥有；占有
vt.控制；使掌握；持有；迷住contain, regulate, bit, bottle, manage
just for any intrinsic value they possess, but because the
1) communist ['kɔmjunist] n. 共产党员；共产主义者 2) leadership ['li:dəʃip] n. 领导能力；领导阶层 3) symbol ['simbəl] n. 象征；符号；标志
Communist Party leadership see them as symbols that
1)distinguish [dis'tiŋɡwiʃ] vt. 区分；辨别；使杰出，使表现突出 2) competitor [kəm'petitə] n. 竞争者，对手
distinguish great powers from their competitors.
in this regard就这一点而言
28）In this regard, what is significant about the manned space programme is that only superpowers have achieved this
1)capability [,keipə'biləti] n. 才能，能力；性能，容量 2) successor [sək'sesə] n. 继承者；后续的事物
capability, and Tiangong-1 and its successors are for China,
1) symbolic [sim'bɔlik] adj. 象征的；符号的；使用符号的 2) emerging [i'mə:dʒiŋ] adj. 新兴的；出现的；形成的
symbilic proof that China is emerging as a 21st Century superpower. n. 超级大国；超级强权
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