2020考研英语一阅读题真题及答案
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2017考研英语一阅读题真题及答案
第一篇讲美国安检的事Text1
Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.
Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.
Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.
Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.
ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.
Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.
TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.
21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto
[A]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.
[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.
[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.
[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.
22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?
[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.
[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.
[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.
[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.
23.Theword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningto
[A]quieter.
[B]cheaper.
[C]wider.
[D]faster.
24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis
[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.
[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.
[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.
[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthetext?
[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety
[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution
[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines
[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes
答案:21-25CCADC
第二篇讲夏威夷那篇Text2
“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.
AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.
OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.
Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.
Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.
TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.
26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates
[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.
[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.
[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.
[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.
27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto
[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.
[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.
[C]itsreligiousimplications.
[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.
28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause
[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.
[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.
[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.
[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.
29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sastronomy
[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.
[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.
[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.
[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians’hostility.
30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof
[A]severecriticism.
[B]passiveacceptance.
[C]slighthesitancy.
[D]fullapproval.
答案:26-30ABBAD
第三篇英国脱欧GDP增长不能给人们带来幸福...Text3
RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.
ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?
Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.
Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.
Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.
SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes–allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.
ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.
31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe
[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.
[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.
[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.
[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.
32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that
[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.
[B]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.
[C]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.
[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.
33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?
[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.
[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.
[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.
[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.
34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat
[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.
[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.
[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.
[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.
35.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?
[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlesson
[B]GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth
[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP
[D]Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being
答案:31-35CBDCA
第四篇讲美国最高法院对于麦克唐纳德裁决的事Text4
Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.
Thehighcourt’sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell’strailfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformergovernor’sdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisduties.
Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.
Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty.”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”
Thecourt’srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery.“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”
Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.
Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety–thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.
Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.
36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt
[A]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell’sduties.
[B]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.
[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell’sconduct.
[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnell’sethics.
37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves
[A]concretereturnsforgift-givers.
[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.
[C]leakingsecretsintentionally.
[D]breakingcontractsofficially.
38.Thecourt’srulingisdontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare
[A]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.
[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.
[C]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.
[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.
39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto
[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.
[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.
[C]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.
[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.
40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’srulingis
[A]sarcastic.
[B]tolerant.
[C]skeptical.
[D]supportive.
答案:36-40CCABD
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