中考语法思维导图(13)动词

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动词
充当谓语
系动词
系动词+表语
情态动助动词实义动
独立充当谓语
情态动+动词原形助动词+动词原形
系动词
常接形容词作表语主谓一致
be动词保持”“变化感官动词become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,staylook,sound,taste,smell,feelbe+adv.+adj―如何是
may答语:肯定Certainly./Sure./Yes,youcan.一定‖must否定Sorry,butyoucan’t/mustn’t
必须MustI…Yes,youmust.
可能‖may,might,couldNo,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.

不得不‖DoIhaveto..?Yes,youmust.
不可能‖can’t
No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.
需要实义动词:notneedtodosth.情态动词:needn’tdosth.
Wouldyouliketodo?答语―I’dliketo‖―I’dliketo,but....‖hadbetter―最好(做某事
You’dbetterdo…/You’dbetternotdo…
意思答语

情态动词
表示推测




助动词

句型操作及答语

狭义概念:赠送的扩展概念:自带的

凡谓语由两部分构成之前者do,does,did

实义动词身份助动词身份/强调功能
及物动词必须跟宾语不及物动词不直跟宾语时态语态意思需要时间,标志被动:be+done
名称谓动意思do/does平时经常做
did某次过去做
be+doing现在正在做
选项有无被动只需考was/were+doing过去正在做
虑时态
该而不:感官发生实现will+do现在将要做一般将来时出版
使役动词正常不带towould+do过去将要做过去将来时
被动则带

have/has+done到现在已做现在完成时
到过去已做过去完成时had+done
实义动词
一般现在一般过去一般将来含情态动
一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时
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动词词形变化过去式、过去分词三单现在分词
+s+ing+ed
s,x,sh,ch,o+ese+ing+y→i+ed+y→i+es双写+ing双写+ed
辅元辅,且重读,不忘不规则不规则双写尾字母(除组合外)
ie→y+ing
时态判断
所用时态时间标志onSundays频率/真理/时间条件状从一般现在时

ago,yesterday,lastweek,in1989attheageof5,justnow,when+一般过去时
now,thesedayslook,listen与频度副词连用现在进行时

atthistimeyesterday,atthattime过去进行时when+
tomorrow,thisafternoon,nextyear一般将来时in+时间段
thenextday过去将来时常用于宾从中

already,yet,ever,never,before,forsofar,inthepastyears,since现在完成时
byyesterday/then/theendofwhen+before+过,by+过去完成时
①完成时句中,for,since,howlong连用时,动词要用延续形式goto,cometo→bein/atleave→beaway(fromarrive→bein/atdie→bekeadbegin/start→beonend→beoverbuy→havejoin→beamemberof/beinborrow→keepgetmarried→bemarriedmakefriendswith→befriendswith
havegoneto去了人不在这里,havebeento去过人在这里¤强调句型:Itis+一段时间+since+过去时“自„以来,已经多长时间了”

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动词短语
意思结构搭配

doing动词+介词

宾语一律后置

动词+副词

代宾中,名中后

be+adj.+介词

非谓语动

作主语被视为单数
现在分词doing过去分词done不定式todo
havesth.done使被常被形主it代替判定:后有谓动作主语作主语

be+todo“是做”bedoing“正在做”作表语bedone“被做”作宾语

作宾语
被形宾it代替

to不省作宾补
要后置,省介否作定语
表目的,原因作状语

宾从省略式疑问词+todo

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不定式作主语
常被形式主语it代替,而把todo置于句尾
Itis+adj./n.+(forsb./ofsb.+todosth.Ittakes+sb.+st.+todosth.

后接todo的动词:like,ask,wish,hope,dare,offer,decide,help,long,learn,start,begin,agree,refuse,want,expect,promise,pretend,plan,manage,afford,prepare被形宾代替:think/find/make+it+adj.+(forsb./ofsb.+todosth.
后接sb.todo的动词:force,teach,get,tell,know,help,ask,invite,wish,want,warn,waitfor,allow,require,cause,advise,order,encourage,like
常用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词有:have,make,let,feel,see,observe,lookat,listento,notice,watch,hear,discover(被动语态要还原to结构有:hadbetterdo,wouldratherdo(thando,can’tbutdo,donothingbutdo,havenothingtodobutdo,whydo?,whynotdo?
作定语:要后置。若不定式是不及物动词,作定语时其后介词不能省。(修饰的名词是time,place,way时其后上常省略介词
作状语:表目的:gotosp.todo/dosb.cantodo/followsb.todo
表原因:besorrytodo/behappytodo/bepleasedtodo

后接doing的动词:advise,allow,avoid,miss,mind,enjoy,finish,keep,putoff,giveup,keepon,practice,imagine,consider,can’thelp,can’tstop,suggest,can’tstand
动词中考点
时态语态动词短语非谓动词
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情态动词词义辨析


近六年河北中考动词原题再现

200632.Hangzhouisanicecity.MyDadmetherewhenIwasabouttenyearsold.
B.caughtC.tookD.broughtA.pulled
33.Physicsmoreinterestingthanmaths.A.areB.isC.wasD.were
34.IonthecomputerwhenJimcametoseemeyesterdayevening.
A.drawB.drewC.wasdrawingD.amdrawing

35.Myfatheronbusinessfortwoweeks.He’llreturnin3days.

A.leftB.hasleftC.hasgoneD.hasbeenaway
1236.---CouldyoupleasetellPeterthatIwanttotalktohim?---Sure,Iwilllethimknowassoonasheback.A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.willcome37.Thechildrentoswimlastmonthandtheycanswimverywellnow.A.aretaughtB.weretaughtC.havetaughtD.taught39.Hehasfailedseveraltimes,buthewon’t.A.goonB.comeonC.getupD.giveup40.Weoftenhearherafterclass.A.singB.tosingC.singsD.sang
41.He’sflowntoQingdaoforsummerholidays,he?
Aisn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tD.doesn’t
44.---Listen!IsthatKate?---No.ItbeKate.ShehasgonetoLondon.
A.maynotB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.can’t
83.―I’ve(长大).Icanhelpwithsomehousework.‖shesaidtoherparents.
84.Please(关掉)thelightsbeforeyouleave.

200732.-MustIfinishtheworktoday?-No,you___.Youcanfinishittomorrow.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t33.I’lldoitbetteriftheteacher_______meanotherchance.
A.giveB.givesC.gaveD.willgive35.WhenIwenttosaygoodbyetoAnna,she_______thepiano.
A.isplayingB.playsC.wasplayingD.played37.HenryspeaksChineseverywell.He_______inChinasince2002.12A.staysB.stayedC.isstayingD.hasstayed38.Howmuchdoestheticket________fromShanghaitoBeijing?A.costB.takeC.spendD.pay39.Youboughtanewcomputerlastweek,_______you?
A.aren’tB.don’tC.didn’tD.haven’t
40.There_________atalkshowonCCTV-4atninethisevening.
A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.isgoingtohaveD.isstaying
42.We________toclosethewindowsbeforeweleftthelab.
A.tellB.toldC.aretoldD.weretold
44.He________apieceofwastepaper,andputitintotherubbishbag.
D.handedinA.pickedupB.threwawayC.lookedfor
82.Theglasseshe________(amomentagoarebroken.Heneedsanewpair.
84.Aliceissonicethateveryonelikesto_________(交朋友her.
85.Don’tbeafraidofmakingmistakesinclass.Youwon’tbe______(嘲笑


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200826.TherealotofraininthisareainAugusteveryyear.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were

27.ThechildrenaP.E.classontheplaygroundwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.

A.haveB.arehavingC.hadD.werehaving

32.Nickanewcamera.Hehastakenlotsofpictureswithit.

A.buysB.isbuyingC.boughtD.willbuy

33.--Pleasebringyourhomeworktoschooltomorrow,Steven.--OK.I____.

A.willB.won’tC.doD.don’t

1134.Thomas,pleasebequiet.Theothershearverywell.
A.can’tB.musn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t
35.Lastyear,LiHua,acollegestudent,toworkfortheOlympicGames.
A.ischoosingB.ischosenC.waschoosingD.waschosen
38.How’sAnnie?Iherforalongtime.
A.don’tseeB.won’tseeC.didn’tseeD.haven’tseen
37.____thoselights,please.Don’tusesomuchenergy.
A.TakeoffB.PutonC.TurnoffD.Turnon
77.Wepractised(Englishsongsforoneandahalfhourstoday.
79.XuLi,withhisfriends,(拾起wastepaperintheparkeverySunday.
80.Doyouknowthistable(制成bamboo?
200929.Thissilkdress_____sosmooth.It’smadeinChina.A.tastesB.smellsC.soundsD.feels33.Myfriend_____me.Ihavetoleavenow.A.waitsforB.waitedforC.iswaitingforD.waswaitingfor34.Don’tputofftoday’sworkfortomorrow.Imean,today’swork_____today.A.maydoB.mustdoC.maybedoneD.mustbedone
1136.Keeppracticingandyou_____yourEnglish.
A.improveB.willimproveC.improvedD.wereimproving

37.Thenews___veryinteresting!Tellmemore!A.isB.areC.wereD.was

38.BesuretoletTomknowthenoticeassoonashe_____.

A.willarriveB.wasarrivingC.arrivesD.arrived

39.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething_____theold.

A.servedB.toserveC.serveD.serves

40.Sally,_____yoursunglasses.Thesunissobright.

A.putonB.putupC.putawayD.putdown

42.I_____thewrongthing.CanIuseyoureraser?

A.writeB.wroteC.amwritingD.willwrite

44.Helenlovestotalkabouttravel.She_____manyplaces.

A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasgoneforD.hasbeenfrom

84.They_______________(同意usonsomemattersyesterdayafternoon.


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201031.Dowehavetofinishourhomeworkthisafternoon?Yes,you______.
A.mustB.canC.mayD.need
33.I’dlikeyou______forapicnicwithus.
A.goB.togoC.goingD.went
35.Mike________hiscomputerandcheckedhise-mail.
A.turnedonB.turnedoffC.turnedupD.turneddown
1036.Everyone_______IcomefromSichuan.Actually,IcomefromShandong.A.findB.thinkC.findsD.Thinks37.HongKong___________tobeagoodplaceforeatingtoday.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown38.Thisterm_________over.Thesummervacationiscomingintwoweeks.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe39.I_______amistake.Pleasedon’tbeangrywithme.A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.hadmade41.Mybrotherleftschoolin2005,andsincethenhe___________inBeijing.A.livesB.livedC.willliveD.haslived44.I____________myclothes,andthephonerang.A.washB.washedC.amwashingD.waswashing84.Steven__________________(参加theschooldancingclublastyear.
201128.There__lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were
32.Wheneveryouhaveachance_________English,youshouldtakeit.

A.speakB.tospeakC.spokeD.speaks
1135.Wouldyouplease________mybabybrotherwhileI’mcooking?A.takeoutofB.takecareofC.takepartinD.takeawayfrom36.You____eatthesoupifyoudon’tlikeit.A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.can’t37.Thissentence_______right.Pleasewriteitdown.A.feelsB.soundsC.tastesD.smells38.Mysisterwantsanewdress.She_________ittotheparty.A.wearsB.haswornC.woreD.isgoingtowear40.Ididn’thearyoubecauseI________thenewsontheradio.
A.listentoB.amlisteningtoC.listenedtoD.waslisteningto
42.I_______myhomework,IguessIcan’tjoinyou.
A.don’tfinishB.didn’tfinishC.haven’tfinishedD.won’tfinish
44.TheSpringFestival__________inJanuaryorFebruary.
A.celebratesB.iscelebratedC.celebratedD.wascelebrated
84.WeChinesesometimes_______(wordsfromEnglishwhentalking.
85.Victor________(thedoorbeforehewalkedintotheroom.


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201229.________somethingwrongwithmybike.CanIuseyours?

A.Itis

B.Itwas

C.Thereis


D.Therewas
35.-Whoseisthepencilbox?
-It________beToms.Lookathisnameonthecover!

B.mayB.Find

C.must


D.needD.Write
A.canA.Tofind
37.________abookinthelibrary,enterakeywordintothecomputer.
C.Towrite
1138.Theclothingstore________asale.Theclothesthereareverycheap.

A.has


B.had

C.ishavingC.Turndown

D.washavingD.PutdownD.hasreceivedD.have,got
39.________yournameonthepaperandyoucangetamagazine.A.CutdownA.receivedA.do,get

B.LookdownB.willreceiveB.did,get

40.MissZhang,themostbeautifulteacher,________manyflowersthesedays.
C.wasreceivingC.will,get


41.Yoursweaterlookssmart.Where________you________it?43.Wherewereyouthismorning?-I________inthesupermarket.A.willshopA.willsave
B.amshoppingB.wassaved
C.wasshoppingC.hassaved

D.haveshoppedD.willbesaved
44.Moremoney________whenweusebothsidesofpaper.
82.Nancyoften__________________(goswimmingwithherfriendsinsummer.84.Studentsare______________(encouragetosharetheirthoughtsbyteachers.


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