英语方位词的用法

发布时间:2020-04-04 01:32:08   来源:文档文库   
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英语方位词的用法

()in the easton the east的区别

1in the east表示我们生活中和地理位置上的绝对方向。如:

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

太阳从东边升起,从西边落下。

The Great Wall begins in the east from the Shanghaiguan Pass and ends at the Jiayuguan Pass inthe west.

长城东起山海关,西至嘉峪关。

2on the east表示某事物位于另一事物所朝的方向。这里的方向是相对而言的。如:

China faces the Pacific on the east.中国东临太平洋。

The United States faces the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west.美国东临大西洋,西濒太平洋。

() in (toonat) the east of

1.要表示AB的东部,即:

AB的范围之内时就用"A is in the east of B",如:

Japan is in the east of Asia.日本在亚洲东部。

Italy is in the south of Europe.意大利在欧洲南部。

2.如果AB的东方,即:

AB的范围之外,且相隔有一定的距离,就用"A lies to theeast of B".口语中有时可将to the省去。如:

Japan lies (to the) east of China.日本位于中国东方。

France lies (to the) east of England.法国位于英国东方。

3"如果AB的东边(),即:

AB相邻接。就用"A is on the east of B".如:

Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.广东在湖南南边。

Shangdong is on the north of Jiangsu.山东在江苏北边。

4.如果把方位词当作一个整体看,或是看成一点,就用"A is at the east of B":

There was a big battle at the north of the Liaodong Peninsula.

在辽东半岛的北边有一场大战。

5.如果要表示“A位于B东面100公里处时我们既可以说"A lies l00km to the east of B",也可以说"A lies 100km east of B".后者在美国口语中更为常见。如:

The plane crashed 30 miles south of the city.飞机在离城南30英里处坠毁。

Suzhou lies 50 miles to the west of Shanghai.苏州位于上海西面50英里处。

()汉语里东南西北的先后顺序到英语里就变成了northsoutheastwest;并由此有了下列中、英文表达上的差异。

东南方:

southeast西南方:

southwest

西北方:

northwest东北方:

northeast

如:

十三陵位于北京西北50公里处。

The Ming Tombs are located about 50 km to the northwest of Beijing.

天津位于北京东南120公里处。

Tiajin is situated l20 km southeast of Beijing.

()要表示方位的偏向时通常用by

正东偏北:

east by north

正南偏西:

south by west

正北偏东:

north by east

正南偏东:

south by east

如:

We are sailing in the direction of east by north.我们正朝着正东偏北方向航行。

The island lies south by east from here.那个岛位于此地的正南偏东方向。

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我们已经学习了east, west, south, north, northeast, southeast等一些表示方位的词,在使用这些词表达方位时应注意以下几点:

1.英汉表达的习惯不同:

汉语中习惯把方位词的顺序排为东西南北;英语习惯则为north, south, east, west。汉语中用东南东北西南西北等表示方向,英语中则用southeast, northeast,southwest, northwest表达。

2.表示方位的名词east等一般应与定冠词the连用。如:

Shanghai is in the east of China.上海在中国的东部。

3.表示方位的名词east, west等常与介词on, in, to连用,来表达两地的相互位置,但涵义却各有不同:

1)表示某地在某一特定区域内的方位时,介词用in。如:

Nanjing is in the south of Jiangsu.南京在江苏的南部。

2)表示某地在某一特定区域外,且两地相互接壤的某一方位时,介词用on。如:

Henan is on the west of Shandong.河南在山东的西部。

3)表示某地在某一特定区域外,但两地相互不相连的某一方位时,介词用to。如:

Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。

4. east, west等方位词既可作名词又可作形容词。

作名词时常用于“ the +方位词+ of...”结构中,表示“……;作形容词时常构成具有行政区划意义的专有名词。试比较:

She works in the north of China.她在中国的北部工作。

She works in North China.她在华北工作。

east, west作形容词时意为东方的;东部的西方的;西部的。一般说来,east,west等常构成专有名词,且具有一定的政治意义或社会意义,其划分较为明确;而eastern,western只是单纯从地理方位上讲,无政治或社会意义,且划分较为模糊。如:

East China华东(特指行政区划中的东部几省)eastern China中国东部(泛指中国的东部地区)

此外,southsouthern, northnorthern, westwestern等的区别均与上述相同。

5. southward(s), northward(s), eastward(s), westward(s)可用作副词或形容词。如:

We must travel southwards (travel towards the south) to get to the South Pole.要到南极去我们必须朝南走。

Rocks lay eastwards of the ship's course.轮船航线的东面有礁石。

Our route is in an eastwards direction.我们的路线是向东的。

请同学们做下面的练习,看你们是否能找到东南西北

1. Harbin is in the___ of China.

2. Liaoning is ___ the west of Jilin.

3. Guangzhou is in the ___ of China.

4. Fujian is ___ the southeast of Hubei.

5. Xing is in the ___ of Qinghai.

6. Guilin is ___ the southwest of Changsha.

7. Inner Mongolia is ___ the north of China.

8. Yantai is an ___ city of China.

9. Gansu is a ___ province of China.

1

0." Guizhou is ___ the west of Hunan and is to the ___ of Henan, and is to the___ of Guangdong.

参考

答案:

1. northeast

2." on

3." south

4." to

5." east

6." to

7." in

8." eastern

9." western

10." on, southwest,northwest

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