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2014高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题（17）及答案

阅读理解-----A

I was helping in my son’s classroom when I spotted a poster that reads, “Sticks and stones may break my bones but words can break my heart”. I started thinking.

Teachers are such an important part of a child’s life. A teacher’s support determines how safe a child feels in school. His inspiration determines how much risk a child will take in the classroom, his understanding determines how important a child feels in school and his love determines a child’s motivating and attitude toward education. And the effect a teacher has on a child doesn’t end when the school bell rings at the end of the day. Rather, those feelings developed in the classroom go home with the child and, in a large part, determine what sort of evening the child and the family have. The importance of a teacher to a child is fantastic and cannot be over-emphasized.

All my children are fortunate to have remarkable teachers. Consequently, the three of them love going to school almost as much as they love using teacherisms. For example, one of Hannah’s favorite phrases in used when I mess up. She looks at me with understanding and says, “It’s okay to make mistakes, mama, because you’re only learning.” Rachael’s favorite phrase is used to start most of her jobs; with a glow in her eye, she says, “I’m just going to do my best, mama, because that’s all I can do!” But perhaps my favorite is Jacob’s response to his sisters when one of them says something he doesn’t like. With his hand on his heart he says, “Don’t say that because words can break my heart.”

Like most parents, I hear teacherisms daily. And every time I hear one, my heart floods with gratefulness for the wonderful teachers who make my children feel safe, important, and successful in the classroom, and who are helping my children achieve emotional good health. There is much talk today how to measure a teacher’s worth. I think we need only look at the students. Children mirror teachers’ words and actions, and the content of those reflections shows teacher’s greatness.

1. Teachers are important to students in that .

A. they equip them with book knowledge

B. they help free the parents from worries

C. they guarantee each family a happy evening

D. they help keep them emotionally healthy

答案解析：答案为D。 本题为细节题。由第二段 “Teachers are such an important part of a child’s life. A teacher’s support determines how safe a child feels in school. His inspiration determines how much risk a child will take in the classroom, his understanding determines how important a child feels in school and his love determines a child’s motivating and attitude toward education.” 可知，老师对学生重要是因为老师帮助学生保持精神的健康。故答案为D。

2. The three children’s examples are used to show that .

A. they are lucky to have wonderful teachers

B. they can eventually develop into good teachers

C. they are sometimes mentally hurt by the teachers

D. they have a successful performance in school

答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。作者用自己三个孩子的例子是为了证明第三段的首句也就是该段的主题句 “All my children are fortunate to have remarkable teachers.” 意为“我的孩子非常幸运，（在学校里）有非常了不起的老师。A选项意思与此符合，故答案为A。

3. To his mother, what the boy says possibly sounds .

A. ridiculous B. convincing C. humorous D. inspiring

答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。由第三段可知，作者前面提到的两个孩子是女孩，最后一个孩子是男孩，由该段后面的内容 “But perhaps my favorite is Jacob’s response to his sisters when one of them says something he doesn’t like. With his hand on his heart he says, ‘Don’t say that because words can break my heart.’”可知，作者最喜欢的是他的儿子Jacob在姐姐们说了他不喜欢的话后所说的话，他把一只手放在自己的胸口说：“别那样说哦，因为话能伤害我的心。” 从作者的用词“favorite”和他儿子的言谈举止我们可以推断一个小孩讲那样的话显得非常幽默，故答案为C。A选项 “ridiculous” 意为 “可笑的，荒谬的”； B选项“convincing” 意为 “令人信服的”；D选项 “inspiring” 意为 “令人鼓舞的”，均不符合题意。

4. The underlined word “teacherisms” probably refers to “ ”.

A. how teachers normally deal with their students

B. what teachers usually say to their students

C. why teachers seem important to their students

D. where teachers agree with their students

答案解析：答案为B。本题为词义猜测题。由 “teacherisms” 所在的语境 “All my children are fortunate to have remarkable teachers. Consequently, the three of them love going to school almost as much as they love using teacherisms.” 可知，作者提到自己的孩子非常幸运，在学校里有非常了不起的老师，结果，三个孩子都喜欢上学就像他们喜欢用teacherisms一样。接下来作者用三个孩子所说的话作为例子，这些话显得非常成熟，它们明显来自老师平时在学校里对他们所说的，故答案为B。

阅读理解----- (2011·湖南卷，C)

A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct(不同的) species.

The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.

Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列)from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.

The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.

There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.

Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants' significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.

Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先) for conservation purposes.”

本文讲述了一项新的科学发现：通过对非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象DNA的鉴定，科学家们得出结论：它们是两种不同的物种。我们要保护这些珍稀动物。

12．One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________

A．the Asian elephant B．the forest elephant

C．the savanna elephant D．the mastodon elephant

答案：D。细节理解题。由第3段第一句话“...two fossils，mammoths and mastodons...”可知D项正确。

13．The underlined word “divergence”in Paragraph 4 means “________ ”．

A．evolution B．exhibition

C．separation D．examination

答案：C。词义猜测题。科学家门一直在证明非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象是两种不同的物种，他们之间的分歧使科学家们大为惊讶。

14．The researchers' conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant's ________.

A．DNA B．height

C．weight D．population

答案：A。细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句话“However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA”可知。

15．What are Alfred Roca's words mainly about?

A．The conservation of African elephants.

B．The purpose of studying African elephants.

C．The way to divide African elephants into two units.

D．The reason for the distinction of African elephants.

答案：A。推理判断题。由文章最后一段“...for conservation purposes”可知A项正确。

16．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A．Naturalists' Beliefs about Elephants

B．Amazing Experiments about Elephants

C．An Unexpected Finding about Elephants

D．A Long Scientific Debate about Elephants

答案：C。主旨大意题。全文讲述了关于非洲大象的一项意外的发现。

阅读理解、专题训练()、如何推断文章出处

◆ 技巧点拨

推断文章出处题型的设题方式：

1．The passage is most likely to be taken from ________.

2．Where would this passage most probably appear?

3．The passage is most likely to be part of ________.

如何解题？一般可从文章的内容和结构来判断文章的出处。

1．报纸：前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称。

2．科学杂志：一般涉及科学发现、科学研究等方面的最新成就。

3．广告：广告有特殊的用词和格式。

4．产品说明：包含产品名称、特点、操作方法、生产日期、使用期限；如果是药品介绍，还会有服用剂量、时间和次数等内容。

◆ 活学活用

阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务

U．S.airlines are seeing a major interruption because of hundreds of flights canceled due to the ash cloud from the Icelandic volcano，but European flight companies will face the biggest losses.

The airline business has been tough：The decline dramatically slowed traffic；February heavy snow forced U．S.airlines to cancel thousands of flights；and now the ashes from the volcano stopped all traffic in and out of northern Europe for days.

“For U．S.flight companies，it'll be a relatively short­term hit，” said Michael Boyd，president of Boyd Group International，an aviation (航空学) consulting firm.“We think right now they're down about $ 80 million in terms of lost income，and they're down domestically about 80,000 passengers that would have been flying domestically but aren't because they can't get here.”

Delta announced that volcano­related interruption grounded about 400 flights until Monday at a cost of $ 20 million in lost revenues(收入)．But by comparison，the airline canceled 7,000 flights and lost $ 65 million in revenue due to the recent snowstorms.

The disruption has created uncertainty for customers，but analysts say U．S.airlines won't face as many costs as you might think.They are not flying in extra planes to handle the passengers in trouble because companies simply don't have them.“Airlines run a very lean operation now，” Mann said.“So，since there are no spare aircraft or crews，the airlines will attempt to maximize loads on every one of their aircraft that do fly.But it may take days，or in some cases a week or so，to get some of these customers to where they want to go.”

Ⅰ.以约30词概括文章大意

______________________________________________________

Ⅱ.根据短文内容选择最佳答案

1．Which negative consequences mentioned in the passage did the disasters cause?

A．coldness，pollution and airlines' losses

B．airport damage，pollution and slow traffic

C．passenger delay，coldness and airport damage

D．passenger delay，airlines' losses and slow traffic

2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．The fewest airplanes will fly the trapped passengers to their destinations.

B．All the customers are sure to be sent to their destinations in time.

C．The U．S.and U．K.airlines suffered the same losses in the natural disasters.

D．The volcano eruption reduced the traffic to and from northern Europe.

3．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?

A．the troubles that the airlines will face after the ash cloud disappears.

B．the measures that the airlines will take to maximize their profit.

C．the present situation of the airlines and their plan to deliver the passengers.

D．the reasons why the airlines run a fine operation.

4．Why will it take a long time for airlines to send the passengers to their different destinations?

A．Because the passengers enjoy staying in airports to talk with one another.

B．Because the airlines don't have spare planes or employees to serve.

C．Because the airlines don't have enough financial support after the disaster.

D．Because the passengers are asking for full refund from the airlines.

5．The passage is most probably from________.

A．a novel　　　　　B．a news report

C．a magazine D．a thesis

参考答案

Ⅰ

The text tells us about the serious effect of the ash cloud from the Icelandic volcano on airline business and how flight companies will handle the problems caused by the disaster.(31words)

Ⅱ

1．解析：文中没有提到污染、机场损毁等问题， 只讲了航班延误、乘客滞留、运营缓慢、航空公司受损，所以D为正确答案。

答案：D

2.解析：从最后一段的They are not flying in extra planes to handle the passengers in trouble和 the airlines will attempt to maximize loads on every one of their aircraft that do fly, 可知A为正确答案。

答案：A

3.解析：最后一段告诉我们每个飞行的航班会最大限度的搭载乘客，所以选C。

答案：C

4.解析：从They are not flying in extra planes to handle the passengers in trouble because companies simply don't have them可以推知答案。

答案：B

5.解析：全文讲述冰岛火山灰对航空业的影响， 应该选自新闻报道。

答案：B

阅读理解-----B

Just be happy. Sounds too simplistic, doesn’t it? But, in reality, we can have much more happiness if we choose to consider things from a positive point of view. Everyone experiences the ups and downs of life, however, we can make a decision to take advantage of the negative or pratice what the old saying says to do：“When life gives you lemons, make lemonade!”

It really boils down to your attitude and you have the ability to work your attitude into any shape you like. Here are some tips:

●Ignore those who tell you life is too difficult to be happy. what do they know?

●When you awaken each morning, be thankful for another day, even if it’s raining.

●Smile at those you meet, even if they don’t return the favor.

● Don’t borrow trouble. Each day has enough of its own.

●Don’t allow trouble to bury you in its gray depth of sorrow.

●Don’t give in to negative thinking.

●Be positive even when others are not.

●Refuse to give up on anything worth having or doing.

●Do something you enjoy each day, even if it’s just a walk in your neighborhood.

● Whistle as you go though the day.

●Work at being happy because it’s worth it.

You’re human, like everyone else, and from time to time you need a little pick-me-up in your decision to be happy. When you reach that stage, find someone else who has decided to be happy. Join forces with him and march forward in your decision to be a happy person. Simply speaking, a happy person is not a person in a certain set of circumstances but rather a person with a certain set of attitudes.

Choose today to just be happy----as much as it depends on you!

1. The amount of happiness depends on .

A. the ups and downs you’ve experienced

B. what attitude you take towards life

C. how simple a life you manage to live

D. the kind of environment you stay in

答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。由第一段 “But, in reality, we can have much more happiness if we choose to consider things from a positive point of view.”可知，如果我们从积极的角度考虑问题，我们就能获得更多的快乐，故答案为B“幸福取决于你对生活的态度”。

2. The underlined sentence advises us to .

A. work hard for a comfortable life B. drink lemonade when in difficulty

C. make the best of what we have D. ignore the negative side of life

答案解析：答案为C。本题为语义理解题。结合划线句子前面的内容 “Everyone experiences the ups and downs of life, however, we can make a decision to take advantage of the negative or pratice what the old saying says to do”可知，人在经历坡坡坎坎的时候，要利用消极面去生活，把消极转化为积极，这样我们才能快乐，因此作者说“生活给了我们柠檬，就把它做成柠檬水”，故答案为C “最好地利用我们所拥有的”。

3. Which of the following doesn’t help maintain your good state of mind?

A. Think in advance about future troubles.

B. Greet others with a cheerful smile.

C. Stay positive all the way through.

D. Try to enjoy every single moment.

答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由文中作者所给的保持快乐的第四条建议 “Don’t borrow trouble. Each day has enough of its own.（不要借明天的烦恼，每天的烦恼够多了）”可知，A选项“提前思考未来的烦恼”不利于保持好心情，故答案A符合题意。

4. The best title for the passage might be “ ”.

A. Don’t lose heart

B. Share your happiness

C. Live a simple life

D. Let’s cheer ourselves up

答案解析：答案为D。本题考查文章的标题。文章第一段告诉我们要以乐观的态度去生活，才会保持快乐，中间内容给出了保持快乐的建议，最好一段重申主题“保持快乐”，故答案为D“让我们高兴起来”。

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