可数名词与不可数名词(适合小学用)

发布时间:2020-01-21 21:10:57   来源:文档文库   
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名词

英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物,它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的就是在数量上可以计数,可以数出数量的事物;所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西

可数名词在他之前可以加上冠词a/an。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接家冠词的。可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化规律:

a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和

元音后读[z]

b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]

c.以辅音字母+y”结尾,变yi, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]

d.以“ffe”结尾,变ffev, 再加-es,如:knife-knives thief-thieves;读音:[z]

e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况

1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes

2) 无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radios

f. 不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people

除此之外,还有一部分名词单复数同形,如:

fish鱼,deer鹿,sheep绵羊,works(工厂),means手段,Swiss瑞士人,Chinese中国人,news 新闻,goods 商品

有一些名词则只有复数形式:

trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤 glasses眼镜,compasses圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子

某国人的复数有三种类型:

1Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形,不需加s

2Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men

3)其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians, Indians等。

可依照这个口诀记忆:中日不变,英法变,其他”s”加后面。

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ,若要表示它的个体意义时,一般需要将其量化。

不可数名词如何量化:就是在不可数名词前面加上数词+量词+of”,比如:

a piece of bread paper(), cloth(), coal(), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), , meat()

an item of information 一则情报 a slip of paper 一张纸条

a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一块肥皂

a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 等。

当量词可数,且前面的数词大于一时,量词需要用复数形式,

two bottles of water 两瓶水 two pieces of paper 两张纸 等;

同时,可数名词也有相应用法,如:a box of apples 一箱苹果 six boxes of apples 六箱苹果 等。

最常见的不可数名词有:advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture(家具), hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage(行李), money, news, progress, traffic

其它不可数名词还有:absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, world等。

上面提到的可数名词和不可数名词并不是一成不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义,名词也不例外,同是一个词在一种情况下是可数名词,而在另一种场合却是不可数名词,

如:可数名词: a tin 一只罐头 a relation 亲属 an iron 一把熨斗 a democracy民主国家 a glass 一只玻璃杯 a beauty美人,美的东西 A wood 一片树林 a power

不可数名词: tin relation 关系 Iron democracy民主 glass 玻璃 beauty Wood 木头 power威力,电力。

第一节 可数名词

一、 可数名词的分类

名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两部分。其中,可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称,他们通常有单数和复数的形式。

单数通常用a,an或者是one来表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如:a desk, an apple, one boy.

二、 可数名词的变化规则

1、 直接在单词的后面加-s.

photo---photos book---books egg---eggs student---students pen---pens

village---villages building---buildings cloud---clouds flower---flowers

hand---hands map---maps girl---girls

2、 如果单词以s,x,ch,sh结尾,通常要在单词后面加-es.

bus---buses class---classes box---box dress---dresses peach---peaches

watch---watches fish---fishes

3、 以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词要把y变为i,再加-es.如果y的前面是元音字母,则直接加上-s.

family---families story---stories baby---babies day---days toy---toys boy---boys

4、 f,fe结尾的单词,要把f,fe变为v,再加-es.

knife---knives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves

5、 o结尾的单词一般加-s构成复数,但是potato, tomato,hero等词要加-es构成复数。

radio---radios photo---photos piano---pianos zoo---zoos studio---studios

potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes hero---heroes

6、 一些特殊的不规则名词的复数。

goose---geese foot---feet tooth---teeth woman---women man---men

sheep---sheep fish---fish deer---deer people---people child---children

ox---oxen mouse---mice

7、 be和指示代词的复数。

is---are am---are this---these that---those it---they

8、 有些名词是通常以复数形式出现的,如:shoes, pants, boots, glasses等。

综合练习

一、 选择a/an填空。

1. elephant 2. tree 3. hamburger 4. ice-cream 5. computer

6. orange 7. melon 8. hen 9. eraser 10. old man

11. English teacher 12. red apple

二、把下列单词改成复数形式。

1. class 2.bus 3.glass 4.dress 5.box

6.fox 7.watch 8.peach 9.fish

10.wolf 11.knife 12.family 13.story

14.baby 15.library

三、写出下列各词的单数形式。

1.potatoes 2.bridges 3.ladies 4.our

5.are 6.they 7.sheep 8.men

9.feet 10.dishes 11.shelves 12.houses

四、把下列句子变成复数形式。

1What is this?

2This is a bus.

3What is that?

4What is it?

5That is a tomato.

6He is a policeman.

7She is a woman.

8It is a wolf.

9There is a sheep near the mountain.

10She has a good teacher.

五、选词填空。

例:This is a lady.(lady,ladies)

1. There are some (dish,dishes)on the table.

2. Uncle Li has many (duck,ducks)and a big (dog, dogs)on his farm.

3. Ihavesome English and American .(stamp,stamps)

4.This is not (an orange, oranges). It’s (an apple, apples).

5.Kids like (cake, cakes)and (hot dogs, hot dog).

6.There is (an air-conditioner, air-conditioners)and two (window, windows)in my room.

7. (Artist, An artist)loves painting.

8. (Fishes, Fish)is my favourite food.

9. (Potatoes, Potato)are my favourite fruit.

10. (Rabbits, Rabbit)like (carrot, carrots).

11. (Children, Chilrens)have a good time on Children’s Day.

12.The little kid has only one (tooth,teeth).

不可数名词

一、 不可数名词的概念

1. 一般来说,不可数名词主要是以物质名词与抽象名词为主。它们通常没有复数形式,也不能与a ,an 连用。在表示的数量概念时,不可数名词必须与相应的量词连用。如果时表示复数的数量关系时,则把量词变化,不可数名词不变。修饰不可数名词的数量词语有:some, any, much, a lot of, a little等。

例如:a box of milk 一盒牛奶 some water 一些水

much food 大量的食物 a little time 一点时间

2. some any 词语辨析

someany都表示一些,但它们的用法不同。some用在肯定句中。而any用在否定句与一般疑问句中。同学们要特别注意的是:some还可以用在客气请求的一般疑问句中。

例子:I have some beautiful stamps.(肯定句)

I don’t have any beautiful stamps.(否定句)

Do you have any beautiful stamps?(一般疑问句)

A: Can I have any some bananas?

B: Sure.(客气请求的一般疑问句)

3. many ,a lot of ,much 词语辨析

many ,a lot of ,much ,这三个词都是表示许多many是用来修饰可数名词, much用来修饰不可数名词,a lot of则用来修饰可数与不可数名词。

例子:Peter has many friend .(可数名词的前面)

Peter has much food for his birthday party. (不可数名词的前面)

Peter has a lot of friend. (可数名词的前面)

Peter has a lot of food for his birthday party. (不可数名词的前面)

二、 不可数名词的归类

1、表示液体:water, juice, milk, lemonade, coffee, coke, ink

2、表示自然现象:snow, rain, ice

3、表示食品类:rice, jam, honey, meat, bread, mutton, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken, fish, food

4、其它类:newspaper, news, homework, housework

综合练习

一、 给下列词语分类。

B. money B.tiger C.chick D.strawberry E.beef F.mutton

C. G.tofu H.tomato I.crayon J.rice K.ink L.bread

可数名词 不可数名词

二, 写出下列名词的复数形式

1orange 2class 3text

4monkey 5piano  6child

7shelf 8bed 9country

10family 11toy 12foot

13Japanese 14radio 15photo

16army 17tomato 18fox

19woman 20knife 22sheep

三、选择填空

1There on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes B. are photos

C. is a photo D. is photos

2. This car made in Shanghai.

A. is B .are C .were D .has

3. There are four and two in the group.

A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen

C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans

4. That’s art book.

A. an B. a C. the D are

5. The boys have got already.

A. two bread B. two breads

C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread

6. The old man wants .

A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple

C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples

7. There some in the river.

A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish

8. There two in the box.

A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches

9. We should clean twice a day.

A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth

10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.

A. teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers

11. In Britain _____ are all painted red.

A. letter boxes B.letters boxes C. letter box D.letters box

12.There are_____ birds in that big tree.

A. hundreds of B. five hundreds of

C. five hundred of D. hundred of

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