雅思写作完全攻略
Total Solution of IELTS Writing
俞伟国
－2009－
雅思考试作文部分题型
课时安排：
Marking System
Essay Writing
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
StructureReport Writing
(From Mat Clark)
近年雅思考试中国大陆考区作文部分得分情况Band4 or below: 15%-20% Band5: 60% Band6:
15%-20% Band7: <5%
Band8 or above: Rare
Key Language Features in Marking System
Task Response:
1. No evidence of digression/irrelevant content
2. Adequate Words
3. Position + Supporting Ideas + Development
Coherence and Cohesion
1. Logical overall structure
2. Topic Sentence
3. Cohesive devices
Lexical Resource
1. Accurateness
2. Authentic Vocabulary (Less-common Vocabulary)
3. Variety
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
1. Accurateness
2. Complex Sentence
3. Variety
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Chapter One－Essay Writing
第一章. 议论文完全攻略
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part One－Introduction
－闪亮开篇－
－Version 5.7－
Structure of Introduction
1. Background Information
(1). Lead-in Sentence (Introduce the subject of the topic)
(2). Public Opinion
(State your position)
2. Statement1． 主体背景（Background Information）
(1) In the last century, the first man walking on the moon said: “It is a big step for
mankind”. However, some people think it made
______________________________,
when
________________________________________________________________
he time,
the
first
for
_____________________________________________________ that it was a great
step for mankind. Nowadays, however, some people believe that it actually
_____________________________________________________
Language Skill: Paraphrase方法之一 － 具体化 (笼统概念－缩小范围)
(2) Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved
fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people think the methods used to
do this may have negative effects on local communities and be dangerous to
human health.
Nowadays people can _______________ food far more _______________
_________________________ more _______________ fertilizers and machinery.
Nevertheless,
some
people
hold
the
methods
used
may
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Language Skill: Paraphrase 方法之二 － 单词转换 （优先考虑三大词类： ）
法方（ 换转型句 － 三之法方Paraphrase
1 ）
(方法2
)
(3) Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects；Others say teachers
should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong.
Some people hold the opinion that
_______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
While
some
argue
that
_________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Language Skill: 句型转换 (方法3
)
(4) Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it uses up fuel resources and causes
pollution. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? You should use your own experience to
support your argument.
According to some __________, air travel should be
_________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Language Skill: Paraphrase思路顺序： 单词转换>句型转换>具体化
(5
Some
people
propose
that______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Language
Skill:句型转换 (方法4
)
(6). In modern society, there are more and more old people, do you think its
benefits outweigh its disadvantages?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Language Skill: 信息量偏少的Topic Introduction写作对策
追根溯源法 － Factor(s) [因]－Phenomenon (Subject) [果]
2. 总论点(Statement)
Topic－If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and
also be punished?
Average Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished.
Decent Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished except
that (unless) they are those who purposefully teach the child to behave
badly.
Topic－Some people think that it is beneficial for students to go to private
secondary schools. But others feel that it has negative effects on them. Discuss the
both viewpoints
From my point of view, it is an ideal choice to send children to private
middle schools ______________________________
Exercise1: Topic－Should college students be allowed to get married?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Language
Skill: 句型转换 (方法5
)
Exercise2: Topic－Should college students be encouraged to take up part-time
jobs?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Language
Skill: 句型转换 (方法6
)
3. Report－Introduction写作对策
that
phenomenon
the
Today,
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________has aroused growing concern.
In my opinion, a lot of factors contribute to the problem and in this article,
I would like to ___________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
*This phenomenon, as far as I am concerned, can be attributed to the
following causes, which could be regarded as the apple of discord.
Structure of Report Introduction
1. Lead-in Sentence (Paraphrase the first sentence in the topic)
2. Plan A: Essay Statement
Plan B: Linking Sentence
Exercise1:
Exercise2: Topic－Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and
students are pushed to study
Exercise3: Topic－
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Part Two－Body
－中流砥柱－
－Version 6.5－
分论点的要求：1. 字数要求：One complex sentence preferred. Around 20 words.
2. 分论点四项基本原则：
(1). 内容原则： 分论点应该体现为一种_____________________________并且与总论点为 关系。_________________
Example: Topic- Transnational marriage
Statement：The problems that transnational marriage may bring about greatly outweigh
its benefits.
Supporting Idea：Marriage should be based on true love. (X)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:
因果关系高分句型－主语，+非限制性定语从句(描述主语特性/因)，+谓语(+宾语)(由主语特性所导致的effect/果)
(2).语言原则: 分论点的语言要求简洁概括的书面语。
Example: Topic- Raising pets
① If we raise pets, we must spend a lot of time to take care of them and we also have to spend a lot of
money to feed them, so it's not good. (X)
②
________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
(3). 构思原则: 分论点应该具有实质性的具体内容，避免使用大而空泛的概念。
Example: Topic- Globalization
Globalization is beneficial for the development of the society. (X)
Globalization brings about fierce competition, hence stimulates local companies in developing countries to
take the initiative to improve the quality of their products.
(4). 比较原则: 在具有比较性质的Topic中，分论点应该体现主体的特性而非共性。
Example: Topic- Some people think children can have better education in
boarding schools far from home, while others claim that a day school is a better
one. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your opinion.
Students can learn a lot of valuable knowledge in boarding schools. (X)
Boarding schools can better cultivate the students' independence and practical hands-on ability.
分论点构思四大黄金原则
1.经济原则
Should college students be allowed to get married?
Getting married in such an early age would impose a heavy financial burden on the
college students' lives and in turn brings negative effects to their studies.
More and more measures have been taken to improve security and reduce crime in urban areas. D
(1). Adopting more security measures creates a safer and more stable social environment by reducing crime,
____________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2). Adopting more security measures will
________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
(1). The ban on air travel
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2).
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________as a result of
the prohibition of air travel.
Exercise：
(1). With the development of the market economy, advertisements have become a
dominant feature in television industry. However, there still exists strong criticism
against TV advertisements. Write an essay analyzing the positive and negative
effects of TV advertisements.
(2). Many people consider the death penalty to be an appropriate punishment in
certain cases, whilst others think that there is never a reason for it to be used.
What is your opinion on the issue?
能力原则2.
Should college students be allowed to get married?
Marriage makes the college students more mature and develops their sense of
responsibility and communicative skills.
Should college students be encouraged to take up a part time job?
It helps to cultivate/ foster/ develop/enhance college
students'__________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________The advancement of science and technology has great positive impact on people, but value of artists,
such as musicians, painters and writers,
Arts could enhance people's
____________________________________________________________________________,
which is not likely to be cultivated from science and technology.
Conducting daily tasks without meeting
others______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________, which is a key factor for success.
Some experts believe that as reading is important for a good education, we should
encourage our children to read as much as possible. Do you agree or disagree?
Encouraging children to learn knowledge and common sense from reading books only
is not beneficial for
_______________________________________________________________, which
is equally important for their growth.
3. 因小失大原则
Should college students be encouraged to take up a part time job?
Part-time jobs take up too much valuable time for study, which should be the students'
priority.
Some people think the government should pay for healthcare and education,
others think that the government does not have to take the responsibility. Discuss
both viewpoints and give your opinion.
It would be hard for a government to afford the fund for _________________ if it has
to take the burden of healthcare and education. The more a government spends its
limited budget on healthcare and education, the less money is available for it, which
should be a government's top task.
4. 环境原则
(1). Rural areas, which are more ____________________ compared with cities, are
beneficial for the fresh graduates to
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2). Living in cities, the fresh graduates
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________,which is hardly available in rural areas
Exercise:
根据分论点四大黄金原则为以下topic构思分论点。
1. In some countries, sports personalities earn much higher salaries than
professionals like doctors, nurses and teachers. Do you consider it positive or
negative?
2. Nowadays, fashion has become a craze all over the world. While there are quite
a number of people who pursue fashion crazily, there still exists strong criticism
towards it. What is your opinion?
分论点的拓展
Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects. Others say teachers should
also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong
Statement：Teachers should take the responsibility of guiding students how to
distinguish right from wrong as well as teaching academic subjects.
Supporting Idea: Firstly, having a correct attitude towards life is more important than
having knowledge only for students. ______________________________, having a
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________ knowledge only for students.
Theoretical Evidence：Without a correct outlook of life, any student, no matter how
knowledgeable he might be, is still likely to be led to a blind alley and do something
detrimental to the society.
Case EvidenceTake a college student from Tsinghua University, one of the most 1. ：prestigious academic centers in China as an example, it was reported that he had
splashed a bottle of vitriol onto a bear in Beijing zoo on purpose simply “out of
curiosity”.
The tragic shooting rampage in Virginia University in 2007 is a case in point/serves
2.
as a convincing example.
Language Skill: 举例三大高分句型－1. Take…as an example 2. … is a case in point
3. … serves as a convincing example
部分结构：Body
1. 单边结构 (5段式) Introduction + Supporting Ideas (X3) + Conclusion
2. 双边结构 (1). 3对1结构 (适用题型：单一主体TOPIC)
让步段: 分析弱势分论点X 1
第一句： 过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
第二句: 弱势分论点 (Self-evident)
(第三句: Theoretical Evidence/Case Evidence)
重点段：分析强势分论点 X 3
第一句: 过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
第二句+第三句: 强势分论点1 + Evidence (Theoretical)
第四句+第五句: 强势分论点2 + Evidence (Case)
第六句: 强势分论点3 (Self-evident)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2).对称结构A（适用题型：单一主体TOPIC）
第二段: 分析主体benefits/advantages
第一句：过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
第二句+第三句：主体benefit 1 (必然性条件) ＋ Evidence (Theoretical)
第四句: 主体 benefit 2 (必然性条件/Self-evident)
第三段：分析主体drawbacks/disadvantages
第一句：过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
第二句+第三句：主体drawback 1 (或然性条件) + Evidence (Case)
/Self-evident) 或然性条件drawback 2 (第四句：主体．
_______________________________________________________________________________
对称结构B（适用题型：双重观点讨论类TOPIC－2选1方案）
第二段: 分析甲方观点的合理性和漏洞
第一句：过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
第二句+第三句: 甲方观点合理性 (必然性条件)
第四句: 甲方观点漏洞 (或然性条件)
第三段: 分析乙方观点的合理性和漏洞
第一句：过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
第二句: 乙方观点合理性 (或然性条件)
第三句+第四句: 乙方观点漏洞 (必然性条件)
_______________________________________________________________________________
对称结构C（适用题型：双重观点讨论类TOPIC－改良方案）
第二段： 分析甲方观点
第一句：过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
第二句：甲方观点合理性 (或然性条件)
第三句+第四句：甲方观点漏洞 (必然性条件)
第三段：分析乙方观点
第一句：过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
第二句：乙方观点合理性 (或然性条件)
)
必然性条件( 乙方观点漏洞: 第四句+第三句．
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________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part Three－Conclusion
－虎头龙尾－
－Version 4.4－
☆ 常规模式
1.
主体定性 (Summarize the nature of the subject )
From the above discussion, we could find that the practice of reserving all the money
one earns and refusing to pay taxes to the country
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Language Skill: 否定词+but=只…… 代替: only/just
例句： 征收更高的赋税只会给老百姓带来更加沉重的经济负担。
Levying higher taxes from common citizens would impose nothing but heavier
financial burdens on them.
重申立场 (Restate your opinion)
For this reason,
______________________________________________________________________________________
and everyone should fulfill their obligation to pay taxes as a citizen instead of trying to
shirk the responsibility.
2.
主体定性
From the above analyses, it could be noted that
_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nevertheless, compared with its disadvantages, the advantages
________________________________________________
重申立场
As a metropolitan resident, I would absolutely
______________________________________________________________
and I think the government should spare no efforts to further implement the practice in
order to create a safer and stable social environment.
☆ 改良模式
Some people think one going to other countries should imitate local customs and behaviors. Some
people disagree, they think the host country should welcome cultural differences and there is no need
to try to adapt oneself
From the above general comparison of the two viewpoints, we could find that both of
them have obvious problems. In my opinion,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Some people think schools should divide students into different classes according
to their academic record, and others believe students
From the above comprehensive analysis of the two proposals, it could be noted that
they tend to bring both benefits and headaches. To put it in a more specific way, the
practice of selecting students by the academic record
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
while the practice of educating all the students together
______________________________________________________. To avoid the above
drawbacks, a better solution is to
_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
☆ Conclusion部分常用套句精选：
1. 总而言之。 All in all/In general/On the whole/Generally/Above all (things)/In sum
(short)
2. 综上所述。 In summary/In conclusion/In short/In a word/To sum up/To conclude
3. 通过以上的比较和对比，任何人都可以轻易地得出这样的结论……
From the above comparison and contrast, anyone can easily conclude that……
以上两个观点都有一定的道理，如果让我在两者之中选择一个的话，我会选4.
择……
The both viewpoints have their reasons, if I have to make a choice between them, I
would prefer...
5. 当仔细比较了其长处和短处之后，最有力的结论就不言而喻了。
When both of its advantages and disadvantages are carefully compared, the most
convincing conclusion is self-evident.
Part Four－Structure Analysis
－结构解密－
－Version 2.2－
3对1结构 (对应题型: 单一主体Topic)
第一段 (开头段/Introduction):
① Lead-in Sentence (Optional)
② Public Opinion
③ Statement
第二段 (弱势段)
① 过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
② 弱势分论点
③ Theoretical Evidence or Case Evidence (Optional)
第三段（强势段）) Topic Sentence过渡句 (①
1 强势分论点② Theoretical Evidence③
2强势分论点④
Case Evidence
⑤．
⑥ 强势分论点3 (Self-evident)
第四段 (结尾段/Conclusion)
①+② 主体定性/Summarize the nature of the subject
③ 重申观点/Restate your opinion on the topic
② Some people propose that all the new buildings in a city have to be constructed with
a traditional style in order to represent the city's cultural identity. ③ In my opinion,
the practicability of the suggestion is quite questionable and thus I don't agree with it.
① It can not be denied that those who made the proposal to build all new buildings in
the old way have their reasons to a certain extent. ② Indeed, if the suggestion were to
be implemented, some people might be attracted by the uniqueness and the cultural
characteristics such a city presents.
① Although the practice may have its positive side, on no account should the problems
related to it be ignored. ② Firstly, in terms of economic aspect, traditional buildings
are obviously not as economical as modern ones. ③ Buildings in the past were mostly
constructed with only one or two stories while modern ones are generally tall buildings
with the capacity of holding more people. ④ Moreover, in terms of practicability,
traditional styled buildings are obviously not suitable for modern people to live in. ⑤
For example, in China, quite a number of traditional buildings were quite big and
usually had a very spacious yard, which few contemporary people actually need or are
possibly able to afford. ⑥ Last but not least, all new buildings being built with the
same style actually also gives people a pretty dull impression of a city.
①To conclude, the suggestion to build all new buildings in a traditional way is
beneficial to enhance a city's cultural identity. ② This only benefit, nevertheless, is
immediately dwarfed by the problems it is likely to bring about. ③ So I reaffirm my
conviction that the move is nothing but an unrealistic idea, which should never be
. (288 words)implemented
对称结构A (对应题型: 单一主体Topic)
第一段 (开头段/Introduction):
① Lead-in Sentence (Optional)
② Public Opinion
③ Statement
第二段 （分析主体Benefits/Advantages）
① 过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
② 主体benefit 1 (必然性条件)
③ Theoretical Evidence
④ 主体 benefit 2 (必然性条件/Self-evident)
第三段 (分析主体drawbacks/disadvantages)
① 过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
② 主体drawback 1 (或然性条件)
③ Case Evidence
④ 主体drawback 2 (或然性条件/Self-evident)
第四段 (结尾段)
①+② 主体定性/Summarize the nature of the subject
③ 推导出观点/State your opinion on the topic
Most high level jobs in the government are done by men. Some people believe that the government
should encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
① Today, while more and more women are playing increasingly essential roles in
modern society, it has to be noted that most high-level governmental jobs are still
For this reason, some people propose that a certain percentage
②within men's grasp.
of such positions should be assigned to women.
① From some people's point of view, the practice may sound reasonable based on the
following reasons. ② First of all, it is beneficial for the women to bring their talents in
certain fields into full play. ③ It is widely accepted that women are generally more
careful, patient and gifted in certain field like arts compared with their male
counterparts and preserving some governmental positions related to such fields for them
seems to be a decent idea. ④ Moreover, the move could be regarded as a sign of
equality between men and women, which indicates the women's value has been
realized.
① While the above reasons seem sounding, the negative side of the practice should
never be overlooked. ② Firstly, the packed-schedule of a governmental top position is
likely to make women become so busy with their job that their family lives are always
neglected. ③ The fact that the majority of female top employees in the US
government are either single or divorced serves as a convincing example. ④ More
importantly, the practice also harms certain capable male candidates' interests and it is
likely to make women to be more dependent on such preferential policies.
① To sum up, it does bring benefits to the government if more women participate in certain fields of
governmental positions. ② Such benefits, nevertheless, are based on the sacrifice of the women's family
lives and the interests of their male counterparts. ③ So I think it is acceptable for the government to
encourage women to commit themselves to some high level jobs, but on no account should we reserve them
for women purposely. (306 words)
对称结构B (对应题型: 双重观点讨论类Topic－二选一模式)
第一段 (开头段/Introduction):
① Public Opinion 1
② Public Opinion 2
③ Statement
（分析反对观点） 第二段．
① 过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
② 反方观点合理性 (或然性条件)
③+④：反对观点漏洞 (必然性条件)
第三段 (分析支持观点)
① 过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
② 支持观点局限性(或然性条件)
③+④: 支持观点合理性 (必然性条件)
第四段 (结尾段)
① 主体定性/Summarize the nature of the subject
② 推导出观点/State your opinion
Some people believe that developing countries should concentrate on improving
industrial skills. Some people argue that developing countries should promote
education first. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion.
*At present, quite a number of developing countries always find themselves caught in a
dilemma that whether they should regard the development of industrial skills or the
promotion of education as their priority. ③ While it seems that both options have their
reasons, I am in favor of the latter one personally.
① Apparently, those who advocate the development of industrial skills do have their
reasons to a certain extent. ② They believe that compared with promoting education,
laying stress on industry brings immediate economic return for developing countries
more directly. ③ The improvement of industrial skills, nevertheless, is simply of
short-term interests. ④ Without sufficient talents, how long such economic prosperity
could last is quite questionable.
① While we have to admit that there is some element of truth in the above argument,
the latter opinion, nevertheless, is more convincing to me. ② Indeed, education costs a
be
not should point The ③return. economic immediate bringing of instead lot
overlooked is that only by the promotion of education can we ensure the progress of the
national strength in the long run. ④ A country that fully concentrates on the
improvement of industrial skills, due to the lack of effective education, is likely to
suffer from a huge lack of talents who have the ability to propel the society further
forward.
① From the above analyses, we can see that only by the progress of education can we
lay a solid foundation for the long-term development for a developing country. ② For
this reason, I believe that it is wiser to develop education first instead of industrial skills.
(258 words)
对称结构C (对应题型: 双重观点讨论类Topic－改良模式)
第一段 (开头段/Introduction):
① Lead-in Sentence (Optional)
② Public Opinion 1
③ Public Opinion 2
第二段 （分析甲方观点）
① 过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
② 甲方观点合理性 (或然性条件)
③+④：甲方观点漏洞 (必然性条件)
第三段 (分析乙方观点)
① 过渡句 (Topic Sentence)
② 乙方观点合理性 (或然性条件)
③+④: 乙方观点漏洞 (必然性条件)
第四段 (结尾段)
① 主体定性/Summarize the nature of the subject
② 推导出改良观点/State your own opinion
Some people think that it is the responsibility of government to ensure that people
have healthy lifestyle by taking compulsory measures.?Others think people should
be given the full freedom to make their lifestyle decisions. Discuss the both
viewpoints and give your own opinion.?
② Some people hold that government should hold the full responsibility to make sure
that people lead their lives in a healthy way. ③ Others, however, argue that it is only
the people themselves that can decide which lifestyle they pursue.
① On one hand, the proposal sounds reasonable to a certain extent. ② If government
does take certain compulsory measures, for instance, banning all pubs and internet cafes
in cities, it is possible that a number of people, especially teenagers who stay up late for
parties or PC games, will have to discard their obsession and revert to a normal lifestyle.
③ Nevertheless, it has?to be pointed out that although the practice seems to be
sounding, it is unlikely to solve the problem thoroughly. ④ For example, even if all
the pubs and internet cafes are officially banned, chances are that those young people
will still indulge themselves in unhealthy lifestyles playing PC games or throwing
parties till midnight at home.
① On the other hand, those who call for the freedom to choose their own lifestyles also
have a point. ② Indeed, it would be a sign indicating that people's freedom are fully
recognized and respected if a government leaves the decision to people themselves. ③
However, it should not be ignored that some young people who do lack self-control are
possibly to be fully obsessed with self-indulgent lifestyles if the government virtually
does nothing about it. ④ Such excessive freedom would turn out to be nothing but a
curse.
① From the above analysis, it could be noted that either viewpoint has obvious
problems. ② In my opinion, the government needs to play a role in guiding people to
live in a healthy way but it is never possible for the government to literally “ensure”
that by taking compulsory measures. (292 words)
Chapter Two－Report Writing
第二章. 图表作文完全攻略
－Version 5.2－
图表作文题型：
☆☆☆☆☆ Bar chart 柱状图1.2. 表格 Table ☆☆☆ 3. 线段图 Line Graph (曲线图 Curve graph) ☆☆
4. 饼图 Pie chart ☆5. 流程图 Diagram ☆☆☆☆
图表作文经典20句:
1. 如图所示，该曲线描述了……的波动情况。
As is shown in the graph, the curve shows the fluctuation of ….
2. 该图展示了……在……方面的比例关系。
The chart shows the proportion of …in …
3. 图中的纵轴和横轴分别代表A与B。
The vertical and horizontal axes in the graph stand for A and B respectively.
4. 图表中的……以……为单位。
The … in the graph is measured in the unit of …
5. 在……至……期间，……基本保持不变。
Over the period from … to …, the … basically remained level.
6. A的数量增长了高达100万达到了800万。
The amount of A rose by as much as one million to eight million.
7. 加上2005年的收入，该企业在最近两年的总收入累计达到了近2000万美元。
Combined with the income in 2005, the total income of the enterprise in
recent two years has added up to nearly $20 million.
8. 在2005年，A的数量远远/略微大于B，而在2006年两者持平。
The number of A was significantly/marginally more than that of B in 2005,
while both numbers remained equal in 2006.
9. 数字剧增至历史新高……
The number soared to a record high of …
笔记区：上升表达方式一览
常规用词: increase/rise
微弱上升：creep up
缓慢上升：climb/edge up
快速上升：boom/increase rapidly (sharply/dramatically)
暴涨：soar
特殊用词：rocket/surge
10. ……的数目在……年再创新高达到……
The number of … registered a new high at … in …
11. ……的数目在……月达到顶点/最低点，为……
The number of … reached (sank to) its peak/bottom at … in …
12. 该数据暴跌探底后持续保持平稳。
The figure plunged and bottomed out.
笔记区：下降表达方式一览
常规用词: decrease/drop/decline
微弱下降：creep down
缓慢下降：edge down
快速下降：decrease rapidly (sharply/dramatically)
plunge
暴跌：
特殊用词：plummet/collapse
13. 该数据探底后持续回升。
The figure sank to its bottom in ……and had been recovering since then.
14. 该数据攀升至顶点后保持平稳。
The figure mounted and leveled off.
15. 尽管在2002年经历了销售额的急剧下滑，但该企业在第二年的销售额却猛增至1000万美元左右。
Although the company saw a slump in sales volume in 2002, the figure soared
to around $10 million in the following year.
16. 在2004年, A的总值反超B。
In 2004, the total volume of A overtook that of B.
17. ……占了……大约……百分点。
… accounted for approximately … %
18. 由表格中我们可以发现，大多数企业的收入与其广告预算成正比。
From the table we can find that the incomes of most enterprises were in
direct ratio to their respective budget on advertising.
笔记区：“A与B成正/反比”表达公式 A be in direct/inverse ratio to/with B
19. 该图表表明……的数目有一个四倍的增长。
The graph shows a fourfold increase in the number of …
笔记区：形容词性“……倍的”表达公式 基数词+fold
20. 政府在2003年用于基础设施建设的资金是2002年的两倍。
In 2003, the fund the government spent on infrastructure was twice as much
as that in 2002.
笔记区: “A是B的……倍”表达公式 A + be + 基数词 + times + as much as
B
图表作文分类范文：
饼图 (Pie Chart)
The two pie charts above show the energy use in the United States and the residential energy
use respectively.
From the first pie, we can see clearly that the American energy consumption is divided into
four major parts, namely, industry, transportation, residential and commercial. Industry
consumes the largest portion, which accounts for 41%.
Transportation____________________________________________________________
_____________________________ The residential use and commercial use are 19% and 14%
respectively.
The second pie illustrates the situation of energy consumption in the part of residential use. It is
obvious that the heating and air conditioning is on the top, 62% of energy is used for them.
15% of energy is consumed for heating water. Small appliances account for only 10%. The
remaining 13% goes to miscellaneous items such as cooking.
To conclude, from the above two pie charts, we may have both a macro and a micro
understanding of the fact of American energy consumption. (155 words)
线段图 （Line Graph）
Basketball Average Attendance
Thousand
The line graph illustrates the trend in the number of average attendance of Dallas Mavericks
and National Basketball Association as a whole from season 1996-1997 to season 2000-2001
respectively.
As is shown in the graph, the average number of attendance of Dallas Mavericks was about
16,000 in season 1996-1997. And the figure dropped dramatically to the bottom
____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________in the
following season. However, the number of average attendance of the team had been recovering
since then, ______________________________________________________________during
the following 3 seasons. Although the number of average attendance of Dallas Mavericks
reached its peak in season 2000-2001, compared with the same figure of NBA average,
_______________________________________________, it was clear that Dallas Mavericks'
average number of attendance was much lower than the average figure of the whole league as it
had never exceeded the latter.
One thing we still need to point out is that the gap had been narrowing because the figure in
season 2000-2001 of Dallas Mavericks (16,600) almost reached the NBA average.
(183 words)
流程图 （Diagram）
The above diagram illustrates the process of recycling glass bottles. The whole process is a
cycle which can be divided into 3 stages.
The first stage involves
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Subsequently comes the second and the most significant stage of the whole process. The
bottles are categorized by their colors into green, brown and clear after being washed by high
pressured water and then are sent to another glass factory. In the factory, the bottles are
smashed into pieces and poured into a furnace to be heated. Having been melted from solid
into liquid, they flow into a mould, in which glass liquid from other sources is added and the
molding process takes place. In the final stage, new, empty bottles are filled with liquid, then
packed and delivered to supermarkets ready to be picked by consumers. The whole process
doesn't come to an end until this step and a new cycle is set to begin.
(175 words)
柱状图 (Bar Chart)
University enrolments in first degree courses for selected subjects 2002 and % change
from2001
Thousand
The bar chart illustrates the university enrolments in first degree courses for selected subjects
in 2002 and the change from 2001 in percentage.
From the chart, it could be noted that each subject consists of full-time and part-time courses.
And Biological, Mathematical and Computer sciences were the only three subjects whose
enrolments increased in 2002 in both courses, with Biological sciences having the most
students (about 58,000) and the most significant increase (9%) in part- time courses. In terms
of full-time courses, Mathematical sciences had seen the most evident rise (11%) although it
had the least enrolment with approximately 2000 students among the three subjects. Physical
sciences and education________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ Relatively speaking, Education had seen a bigger slump, with declines of 6%
and 12% respectively. Business & Admin studies and Humanities both did well in terms of
part-time courses, equally registering a 1% growth. However, both subjects failed to impress in
full-time courses, with a drop by 3% and 8% severally. Finally, there were no changes in the
enrolment in the full-time course of Engineering & tech and part-time course of Language,
although the enrolments of both subjects fell in general. (200 words)
表格 (Table)
Earnings of people with different levels of education (Pound)
Year H.S Bachelor Master Doctor
degree
certificate degree
degree
1965 40 85 90 95
120 110 115 1975 55
150 150 1985 140 85
165
1995
145
160
125
The table presents a breakdown of the incomes of people with varied levels of education in
1965, 1975, 1985 and 1995 respectively.
From the table, it could be noted that people's earnings are generally in direct ratio to their
educational levels. In other words, the higher a person's education was, the more he/she was
paid. The only exception occurred in 1985, when the earnings of people with a master degree
and the incomes of those who had a doctoral degree remained equal at 150 pounds. Besides,
there was an overall increase in earnings over the thirty-year period,
________________________________________________________________________
from 40 pounds in 1965 to 125 pounds in 1995. In particular, between 1985 and 1995, those
people enjoyed the most significant increase in their earnings from 85 pounds to 125 pounds
whilst people with university degrees increased their earnings by the least amount. (154 words)
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Chapter Three－After-Class Self Study Material
第三章. 课后自学材料
Part One－Sentence Pattern
－雅思写作高分句型－
－Version 3.3－
1. 强调句：基本结构－It + be + 强调部分 + that(who) + 说明部分
正是因为有了这些先进的设备我们才能够享受更多的便利。
一般陈述句： We can enjoy more convenience because of these advanced
facilities.
强调句：It is just because of these advanced facilities that we can enjoy
more convenience.
令人感到遗憾的是，人们关注的，往往是经济利益而不是社会利益。．
Unfortunately, it is always the financial profits instead of social
interests that people pay attention to.
2. 特殊强调句：Not…until句型+强调句
基本结构：It be not until……that……
尽管这个问题由来已久，但直到最近人们才开始逐渐意识到了它的重要性。
Although the problem has been existing for a long time, it was not until
recently that people came to realize its importance.
3. 倒装句：(1) Only + 介词 + doing sth (或从句) can sb do sth
只有这样做我们才能彻底解决该问题。Only by doing so can we solve the problem
thoroughly.
我个人认为，只有在收集到了足够证据的情况下我们才能得出结论，否则的话我们就容易犯错误。
Personally, only when we have collected enough evidence can we come to a
conclusion. Otherwise, we are prone to make mistakes.
(2)On no account + 倒装
我们决不应该忽视知识的价值。On no account should we ignore the value of
knowledge.
作为一个文明人，我们无论如何都不应该容忍这种现象的存在。
As a civilized person, on no account should we tolerate the existence of
such a phenomenon.
： 举例三大高分句型4.
as an (for) example
……(1) Take
(2) …… is a case in point
(3) The fact that （＋从句）serves as a convincing example
Failed Example：Media shouldn't focus on celebrities' private lives
because it has some bad effects. For example, Princess Diana's death is
caused by media.
Decent Example (1). Take Princess Diana for example, it was media's
excessive coverage on her private life that led to the tragedy to a large
extent.
(2). Media's excessive coverage on celebrities' private lives has already
led to quite a number of tragedies. And the death of Princess Diana is a
case in point (serves as a convincing example).
5. Famous Quote高分句型：Sb was quoted (by……) as saying that ……/ In
the words of sb
Ordinary Example：For example, Sandy Weill, the former president of Citibank
once said: “Only the paranoid survive”.
Decent Example (1). Take Sandy Weill, the former president of Citibank as
Forbes Only the paranoid
as saying that an example, he was once quoted by
survive.
(2). Sticking to your own ideas is of great importance. In the words of
Sandy Weill, the former president of Citibank: “Only the paranoid
survive”.
“双越”句型：6.
The + adj/adv的比较级 + 主语 + 谓语, the + adj/adv的比较级 + 主语 +
谓语
俗话说得好：“付出越多，收获越大”。
Just as an old saying goes like this: The more you give, the more you receive.
我们越深入观察这个问题，我们就越是能感受到它的重要性。
The deeper we see into this issue, the more strongly we will feel its
importance.
作为一个大学生，你花在兼职工作上的时间越多，学习上拥有的时间就越少，那么你的成绩也就会越糟糕。
As a college student, the more time you spend on part-time jobs, the less time
you will have on your study, thus the poorer your score will be.
：基本结构多重比喻句A is to B what X is to Y 7.
Knowledge is to us what a compass is to a ship.
Personality(品格) is to man what perfume (芬芳) is to a flower. (By Charles
Michael Schwab, American entrepreneur)
环境对于我们来说就好像鱼儿离不开水－我们绝对没法脱离它而生存！
Environment is to us what water is to fish－on no account can we live without
it!
Part Two－Words
－雅思写作滥词替换一览－
1. Very+adj － More than + adj
Due to / Thanks to
－2. Because of
3. Different － Varied/Diverse (adj) / Vary (v)
4. Work hard － Spare no effort
5. Cause － Lead to / Result in
6. Certainly / Definitely － Be destined to / Be doomed to
7. Finally － End up
8. Important － Essential / Significant / Crucial / Vital / Be of great
importance / Play a significant role
9. Good － Beneficial / Decent
Harmful / Detrimental
－10. Bad
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