Unit 3 Amazing people
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1．content n．内容
2．connection n．联系
3．disturb vt.打扰，扰乱
4．swallow vt.& vi.吞下，吞咽
5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
6．native adj.本地的；本国的
7．quality n．品质；质量
8．preserve vt.保存，保护，保持
9．signal n．信号 vi.& vt.发信号；表明
10．desire n．愿望，欲望，渴望 vt.渴望，期望
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)However，I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing (disturb) reports of camps among tons of rubbish.
2．(2019·江苏卷) In addition，their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes，like throwing stones or signaling (signal)．
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your weaknesses，your achievements，your desires (desire)，etc.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The key to successful small talk is learning how to_connect(connect) with others，not just communicate with them.
5．Please give it a careful checkup and make sure the package is well preserved (preserve) and the machine operates well.
拓展单词
1．curious adj.好奇的，求知欲强的→curiosity n．好奇→curiously adv.好奇地
2．fortune n．大笔的钱，财富；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
3．enter vt.& vi.进来；进入→entry n．进入；形式→entrance n．入口
4．apply vi.申请 vt.使用，应用→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请
5．courage n．勇气→discourage vt.使灰心；劝阻→encourage v．鼓励→encouragement n．鼓励
6．nation n．民族；国家→national adj.民族的；国家的→nationality n．国籍
7．inspire vt.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞→inspired adj.受到启发的→inspiring adj.令人振奋的→inspiration n．灵感；激励
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity.(curious)
2．Fortunately，I won the award.It was without doubt a small fortune to me.(fortunate)
3．Listening to his inspiring speech，we were inspired to make great efforts.It gave us not only hope but also inspiration.(inspire)
4．We can't enter the building because on the wall at the entrance to the building is a sign which says “No Entry”．(enter)
5．All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply)
6．The failure in the English contest discouraged my brother.What's worse，he felt discouraged in other subjects.In order to help him regain his courage and get relaxed，my parents and I all encouraged him to take a trip.(discourage)
7．Britain is a developed nation and its national flower is rose.Many people dream of having British nationality.(nation)
阅读单词
1．riddle n．谜
2．coincidence n．巧合，碰巧
3．data n．(pl.) 数据；资料
4．virus n．病毒
5．valley n．山谷，峡谷
6．optimistic adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的
7．widespread adj.广泛的，普遍的
8．candidate n．候选人；申请人
9．status n．地位，身份
1．(2018·北京卷) To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste (糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.vt.涂，抹，敷
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.n. 含量
[短语 多维应用]
[句式 结构仿写]
1．curious adj.好奇的，求知欲强的
(1)be curious about...对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth.极想做某事
it's curious that...真奇怪……
(2)with curiosity(＝curiously) 好奇地
out of curiosity 出于好奇
curious neighbours爱管闲事的邻居
be curious to know more about him 想更多地了解他的情况
be curious about how she will react 对她会怎样反应感到好奇
ask the question out of curiosity问这个问题是出于好奇心
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A student should always be curious to_learn(learn)．
②She seemed to be curious about what he was doing.
[能力提升]——句式升级
①(普通表达)He was curious about Australian cities，so he read the book written by Dr.Johnson.
(高级表达)Curious_about_Australian_cities，he read the book written by Dr. Johnson.(用形容词作状语)
②(普通表达)Sally did not answer，but looked at her curiously.
(高级表达)Sally did not answer，but looked at her with_curiosity.(curiosity)
2．fortune n．大笔的钱，财富；运气
(1)make a/one's fortune 发财
try one's fortune 碰运气
seek one's fortune 寻找致富及成功之路
(2)be fortunate to do sth.有幸做某事
have the fortune to do sth.有幸做某事
(3)misfortune n. 不幸
bring good fortune 带来好运
as good fortune would have it真是幸运
hope for a change in fortune期待时来运转
had the good fortune to have such a mother有这样一位母亲是极大的幸运
[基础练习]——语段语法填空
In the 1980s，Li Hua went to the south to seek his(he) fortune，but he made no fortune.Fortunately (fortunate)，he met with a boss who fed pigs.With his help，Li Hua made(make) his fortune later by feeding pigs.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他有幸和一些世界顶级运动员一起训练。
①He had_the_fortune_to_train with some of the world's top athletes.(fortune)
②He was_fortunate_to_train with some of the world's top athletes.(fortunate)
3．preserve vt.保存，保护，保持
(1)preserve...from...保护……免于……
be well/strictly preserved 被很好/严格地保存
(2)preservation n．维护；保护；保养
in good preservation 处于良好的保存状态
preserve the original character of the house 保留房屋原有的特色
preserve our natural resources 保护自然资源
take measures to preserve the environment from pollution 采取措施保护环境免受污染
some wellpreserved historical relics 一些保存良好的历史遗迹
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①At that time it was difficult to have one's body well preserved_(preserve) after his or her death.
②As we all know，the police are responsible for the preservation(preserve) of law and order.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
(普通表达) With the limited natural resources，we should take action to protect them from being wasted.
(高级表达) With the limited natural resources，we should take action to preserve_them_from_being_wasted.(preserve)
4．disturb vt.打扰，扰乱
(1)it disturbs sb.to do sth.做某事使某人不安
be disturbed about/by 为……感到不安/被……打扰
(2)disturbed adj.感到不安的；心烦意乱的
disturbing adj.令人不安的，引起烦恼的
disturbance n．干扰；骚扰
disturbing unemployment figures 令人担心的失业人数
feel disturbed to hear of your illness听说你生病了感到不安
be disturbed about the bad news对于这坏消息感到心神不安
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I was_disturbed(disturb) by the way she educated her children.
②We can't focus on our work because of the disturbing (disturb) noise.
[能力提升]——一句多译
她意识到自己孤单一人，心里很不安。
①It_disturbed_her_to_realize that she was alone.(disturb)
②She was_disturbed_to_realize that she was alone.(disturbed)
[名师点津] disturb指人心、睡眠、安静等被“打扰，扰乱”；interrupt突然中断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续。
5．discourage vt.使灰心；劝阻
(1)discourage sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心
(2)discouraging adj.(物)令人泄气或沮丧的
discouraged adj.(人)感到泄气或沮丧的
discouragement n. 泄气；沮丧
be never discouraged by difficulties 从没因困难而泄气
discourage me from doing so 劝阻我不要那样做
such a discouraging series of events 这么一连串叫人丧气的事
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) Yet instead of being_discouraged(discourage) by my slow progress，I was excited.
②Students will soon get discouraged(discourage) if you criticize them too often.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
(普通表达)We hope the bad weather won't stop people from coming along.
①(高级表达)We hope the bad weather won't discourage_people_from_coming along.(discourage)
②(高级表达)We hope the bad weather won't prevent/keep_people_from_coming along.(prevent/keep)
[名师点津] discourage是及物动词，当后面没有宾语的时候，要考虑使用被动结构，如将“不要气馁”译成英
语，不是“Don't discourage.”，而是“Don't be discouraged.”。discourage后面不接不定式作宾语，也不接不定式作宾补。
6．desire n．愿望，欲望，渴望 vt.渴望，期望
(1)desire to do sth.想要做某事
desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth.渴望……
(2)have a desire for sth./to do sth.渴望(做)某事
have no desire for sth./to do sth.不想(做)某事
(3)desired adj.渴望的，想得到的
desirable adj.值得要的，令人向往的
desire a college education渴望大学教育
desire to come to China非常想到中国来
have a desire of climbing mountains 想去爬山
satisfy their desire for space and freedom 满足他们对空间和自由的需要
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It is obvious that they have no desire for peace.
②We desire you to_complete(complete) the work within one month.
③Young people in that country have no desire to_work(work) for the government.
[能力提升]——一句多译
我们班的每个学生都渴望上名牌大学。
①Each student in our class has_a_desire_to_go to a famous university.(desire n．)
②Each student in our class desires_to_go/that_they_(should)_go to a famous university.(desire v．)
[名师点津] desire后跟宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气形式，即“(should＋)动词原形”。
7．apply vi.申请 vt.使用，应用
apply to 适用于；向……申请
apply (to...) for ...(向……)申请……
apply...to...把……运用/涂抹于……
apply oneself to 致力于，专心于
apply to do...申请做……
apply for the job 申请这项工作
apply to the consul for a visa 向领事申请签证
apply a theory to practice把理论应用于实践
apply one's energies to finding a solution 全力想出一个解决的办法
[基础练习]——语段语法填空
When an idea occurred to him，he first applied it to his work.He also applied for a patent about it.Then he applied himself to it and made necessary changes.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)If you apply yourself to the job in hand，you'll soon finish it.
①(高级表达)Applying_yourself_to_the_job_in_hand，you'll soon finish it.(用现在分词作状语)
②(高级表达)Apply_yourself_to_the_job_in_hand，and you'll soon finish it.(用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”)
8．come across (偶然)遇见；发现
come about 产生；发出
come up 出现；被提出，走近，上来，发芽
come up with 提出(办法等)
when it comes to...当谈到……时
come across to my house this evening今晚到我家来坐坐
come across with all the information 吐露全部情况
come up with a better plan than this 提出一个比这个更好的计划
[基础练习]——写出下列句中come across的含义
①He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not come across.被理解，讲得清楚
②I came across him in the street yesterday.(偶然)碰见
[能力提升]——词汇升级
(普通表达) When walking down the street，I met (with) David who I hadn't seen for years.
①(高级表达) When walking down the street，I came_across David who I hadn't seen for years.(come)
②(高级表达) When walking down the street，I ran_across/into/up_against David who I hadn't seen for years.(run)
[名师点津] 表示“(偶然)碰见”的常见短语还有：meet with; run across; run into; run up against; fall across等。
9．result in 导致，结果是……
(1)result from 由……引起；源自
(2)as a result of 因为，由于
as a result 结果
without result 徒劳地
result in the death of two people 造成两人死亡
result from not working hard enough由工作不够努力造成
work without result 徒劳无功
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Their wings can bridge the gap between lines，resulting_(result) in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.
②He made one big mistake，and，as a result，lost his job.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)The driver was careless.As a result，he died.
①(高级表达)The driver died as_a_result_of his carelessness.
②(高级表达)The driver's carelessness resulted_in his death.
③(高级表达)The driver's death resulted_from his carelessness.
[联想发散] 表示“造成；导致”的常见短语还有：bring about; contribute to; lead to; give rise to等。
[图解助记]
10．be in control (of something) 掌管，控制(某物)
(1)in the control of由……控制，被……控制
under control在控制之中
beyond one's control在……管控之外
(2)get out of control摆脱控制
lose control of失去对……的控制
take control of控制……
take control of these naughty children 管住这些淘气的孩子
bring the fire under control 控制火势
be in control of one's life and one's choices 控制自己的生活和选择
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You ought to keep your passions under control.
②Francis lost control of his bike on the hill and ran into a tree.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他们曾经控制了山的南部。
①They were_in_control_of the southern side of the mountain.
②The southern side of the mountain was_in_the_control_of them.
11.(教材P42) By the 1920s，he had_become an explorer，searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.到了20世纪20年代，他已成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。
“by＋时间状语”的三种常见形式：by the end of.../by the time＋从句/by＋时间名词，常与完成时连用。此时的by表示“不迟于；到……时(为止)”。
(1)by＋表示现在的时间，主句常用现在完成时。
(2)by＋表示过去的时间，主句常用过去完成时。
(3)by＋表示将来的时间，主句常用一般将来时或将来完成时。
[金句推送] (2019·江苏卷) By the day of the show，more than 300 people had said they would attend.到演出当天为止，已有300多人表示要来观看。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①By the time the doctor arrived at the spot，the patient had_died(die)．
②By now，people have_realized(realize) its importance.
[能力提升]——完成句子
到明天这个时候，我已离开这个国家了。
By this time of tomorrow，I will_leave/have_left_the_country.
12.(教材P43) He too visited the tomb，only_to_catch_a_high_fever the next day.他也去了陵墓，结果第二天就发高烧。
[句型公式] “only＋不定式”作结果状语。
only to do...意为“不料……，反而……，结果却……”，是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况，有时前面也可不加only；而现在分词短语作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。
[金句推送] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Still，the people who exercised 115 minutes a week did pretty well too，lowering their death risk by 14%.
不过，每周锻炼115分钟的人也做得很好，死亡风险降低了14%。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I went to see him，only to_learn(learn) that he had left the city the night before.
②Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing(cause) the delay.
[能力提升]——完成句子
他匆忙赶到机场，却被告知那位电影明星已经离开了。
He hurried to the airport，only_to_be_told that the film star had left.
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．I arrived at the shop only to_find(find) I'd left all my money at home.
2．She signalled (signal) to the other girls that everything was all right.
3．Everyone desires to_live (live) in a world free of worries and pains.
4．By the time the English teacher came in，we had_started (start) practising speaking English.
5．To satisfy children's curiosity (curious)，we'd better answer their questions patiently.
6．Whenever a young child is frightened or disturbed (disturb)，it typically rushes to his/her mother first.
7．At the age of four，she fell into an icy river and was fortunately (fortunate) rescued by some local villagers.
8．Our suggestions are that these traditional customs (should)_be_preserved (preserve) and handed down one generation after another.
9．Before，he was an extremely devoted (devote) physician，who treated his work seriously and cared for patients very much.
10．Don't chew the tablets before swallowing (swallow)，or you may throw them up.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．The police are now in control of the situation.
2．More and more noise pollution has resulted in many species dying out.
3．His parents tried to discourage him from going abroad，but failed.
4．I really look up to her because she is so talented.
5．If the constitution said that all people were free and equal，then she thought it should apply to her.
维度3——查缺补漏
1．Was it five years ago that we got together last time?
2．Reporters are warned of not being too curious about things they are not supposed to know.
3．The athlete's years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
4．My parents are content to_live(live) in the country，where the air is fresh and clean.
5．The teacher inspires his students to_give (give) their opinions actively even if they are different from his own.
维度4——话题写作
1．补全要点句 (加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①一些有所作为的人对世界影响很大。
Some_amazing_people have greatly influenced the world.
②比尔·盖茨对计算机技术产生了很大影响。
Bill Gates has_had_a_great_effect_on computer technology.
③袁隆平致力于水稻优良品种的研究与推广。
Yuan Longping has_devoted_himself_to the research and development of a better rice breed.
④他们生活在不同的时期，国籍不同。他们的共同点就是在自己的领域为世界做出很大贡献。
They are of_different_times_and_nationalities.What_they_have_in_common is that they have_contributed_a_lot to the world in their fields.
2．升级平淡句
(1)利用as well as升级1中的句③
Yuan_Longping_has_devoted_himself_to_the_research_as_well_as_development_of_a_better_rice_breed.
(2)利用though引导让步状语从句升级1中的句④
Though_they_are_of_different_times_and_nationalities，what_they_have_in_ common_is_that_they_have_contributed_a_lot_to_the_world_in_their_fields.
3．衔接成美文 (注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：for example，besides)
Some amazing people have greatly influenced the world.For example，Bill Gates has had a great effect on computer technology.Besides，Yuan Longping has devoted himself to the research as well as development of a better rice breed.Though they are of different times and nationalities，what they have in common is that they have contributed a lot to the world in their fields.
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