英语四种时态顺口溜

英语四种时态顺口溜

小学英语中最常见的四种时态分别是：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时和一般将来时。在教学中如果只是单纯的去讲有关的语法知识，不仅枯燥，而且也不利于学生的理解，如果把它融于顺口溜中，会极大地调动起学生的兴趣。

1、  现在进行时：

动作正进行，要用进行时。

主语在句首，am is are 跟在后，

现在分词跟着走，其他成分不可丢。

一般问句这样变，把be提到句前去，

否定句式也简单，be后只把not加。

2、  一般现在时：

现在经常做的事，要用一般现在时。

第三人称作主语，动词后面加s/es。

其它人称作主语，动词只需用原形。

3、  一般将来时

不久将要发生事，记住要用将来时。

Be 加going to，后面跟着动原形。

Be的形式要记住，随着主语随时变。

还有一种表达法，will后要加动原形。

4、  一般过去时

事情已发生，要用一般过去时

主语在句首，后面跟着动词过去式。

动词过去式，变化有规律，

还有特殊变化要牢记。

一般现在时

现在经常做的事，

记住主语、结构和特征。

“是”有三变要记请，

它们就是“am, is ,are,

一般动词见she, he ,it,

不忘后面加s/es,

其它一律用原形，

还有have和has,

看着“人”来用。

表示“某地有”，

别忘there be ,

be要随着主语变。

一般将来时

不久将要发生事，

记住要用将来时。

be加going to ,

后面跟着动原形，

be的形式要记住，

随着主语及时变。

还有一种表达法，

will后要加动原形。

现在进行时

正在做的事，

be加动词ing,

变疑问，be提前，

be的形式有三变，

就是am , is , are,

要用哪一个，

看谁作主语。

一般过去时

事情已发生，动词用过去，

动词过去式，变化有规律，

一般动词后面加ed ;

be用  was或者were ,

have , has变 had ,

见到不发音字母 e 结尾，

直接加 d 就可以；

辅音字母加 y 来结尾，

变  y 为 i 别忘加 ed ;

重读闭音节双写尾字母，

后面还要加ed .

其它特殊变化要牢记。

四种时态要分清，

时间状语各不同，

动词变化不一样，

具体情况弄明白，

多用多练易掌握。

一般现在时，

现在经常做的事。

有点特殊要记住，

第三人称单数作主语，

动词后面要加s / es,

其它人称作主语，

动词只需用原形。

现在进行时，

正在做的事。

be 后跟着动词ing，

还有be要跟着主语变。

一般将来时，

不久将要发生事。

be 加going to，

后面跟着动原形，

be的变化别忘记。

还有will 加动原形，

也是表将来。

一般过去时，

事情已发生。

变化在动词，

多数后面加ed，

还有特殊要牢记。

1．I do it every day. (1. 一般现在时)

（我每天做这样的事。）

2．I did it yesterday. (2. 一般过去时)

（昨天我做了这件事。）

3．I shall/will do it tomorrow.(3. 一般将来时)

（明天我要做这件事。）

4．I am doing it now. (4. 现在进行时)

（现在我正在做这件事。）

4种时态

一般现在时
定义：
1.目前存在的状态
2.经常性、习惯性的动作
标志词：
频度副词：
例：always, usually, often,
sometimes, every day(week….)
谓语形式：
系动词be ( am, is, are)
行为动词原形（主语为第三人称单数时V + s, 或 es）
疑问形式：
1.be 放主语前
2.主语前加do 或does (动词还原)
否定式：
1.be + not
2.动词前加 don’t 或doesn’t (动词还原)
提问谓语：
What do /does + 主语+ do…?
如：She reads English every day.
What does she do every day?

现在进行时
定义：
表示目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态
标志词：
1.提示语：look! Listen!
2.At +时间点
3.前有祈使句
谓语形式：
Be (am, is, are ) + V-ing
疑问形式
be 放主语前
否定式：
be + not
提问谓语：
What is / are +主语+ doing？
如：We’re listening now.
What are you doing now?

一般将来时
定义：
1.表示佳话或打算做某事
2.将要发生的动作或存在的状态
标志词：
1.tomorrow, the next day, this afternoon, this evening
2.next week (month, year…)
3.in the year 2007
谓语形式：
1.be going to + V 原形
2.will + V 原形
3.go, come, leave 等用现在进行时表示将来
4.want 用现在时表将来
疑问形式：
be 或will 放主语前
否定式：
be 或 will 后加 not
will not = won’t
提问谓语：
1.What is/ are +…going to do…?
2.What will + 主语+do…?
如：He will play basketball next week.
What will he do next week?

一般过去式
定义：
表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态
标志词：
1.yesterday, last week/ year/ month 等
2.two years ago/ in 2005 / at that time 等
谓语形式：
1.动词be 的过去时（was, were）
2.行为动词的过去式
疑问形式：
1.was / were 放主语前
2.主语前加did (动词还原)
否定式：
1.was/ were + not
2.动词前加didn’t (动词还原)
提问谓语：
What did + 主语+ do…?
如：Tom did his homework last night.
What did Tom do last night?

一般过去时
eg:He went to library.
现在进行时
eg:He is going to library.
一般现在时
eg:He goes to library.
一般将来时
eg:He will go to library.
eg:He is going to take the exams.
*现在完成时
eg:He has been in china for five years.
eg:He has been in china since five years ago.
eg:I have gone to china.
*过去完成时
eg:I had gone to china when I am ten years old.
**过去将来时
这个离小学生太远，你们看不懂的。

现在一般时与现在完成时
现在一般时与现在进行时
现在完成时与过去一般时
过去完成时与过去一般时
过去进行时与过去一般时
将来一般时与现在进行时
现在一般时与过去一般式
现在完成时与现在完成进行时
现在一般时与过去完成时

1. 现在一般时与现在完成时
1) I come from Shanghai(上海人）
I have come from Shanghai（从上海来）
2) You read very well. (强调能力）
You've read very well. （强调一次刚完成的动作）
3) I forget.(一时想不起来了）
I have forgotten.（仍没想起来，可能已回忆起来了）
4) The book is written in simple English. (表状态）
The book has been written in simple English.（表动态，已用英语写成）
5) Every time I see him, he's been reading. （两个动作不可能同时进行）Every time I have seen him, he's been reading. (强调两个动作同时进行）
6) He is gone. (强调状态）He has gone （强调动作和时间）
7) He won't come till the play begins. (演出开始时）
He won't come till the play has begun.（戏已开始）
8) After I leave school, I'll go to college. （两个动作紧密相接）
After I have left school, I'll go to college.（强调毕业后，两个动作可能有间隔）
9) It is a long time since I saw you last. It's been a long time since I saw you last.(这两句话一样，后一句是美国英语）
10) Where are you (在哪）Where have you been(去了哪）

2. 现在一般时与现在进行时
1) He works hard.（强调始终如一）He is working hard.（强调现在）
2) What do you do (干什么工作的）What are you doing（在干什么）
3) Here comes the bus! (表高兴和欣慰）
The bus is coming.（汽车到来的情景）
4) I forget him name. I'm forgetting his name.(差点把他的名字忘了）
5) You don't eat much. (强调胃口不大）
You're not eating much.（你怎么不吃呀）
6) The match starts at 7 o'clock. (比较固定，不宜改变）
The match is starting at 7 o'clock.（可以改变）
7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不满，责备）
8)Tom goes to college now.
Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大，后者更生动）
9） I tell you.（我可以告诉你）
I'm telling you.(我告诉你吧，有感情色彩）
10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.
He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了）
11) I expect you to phone me. ( 几乎等于命令）
I'm expecting you to phone me.（婉转）
12) What do you say What are you saying(你说些什么呀，表说话人惊讶，不满）
12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(强调结果） I'm finding that the book is too difficult for me. (强调过程，逐渐感到）
13) Apples cost more these days.(强调事实)
Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵)
14) He always thinks of others.
He's always thinking of others.(表示赞扬)
15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行)
16) I hope you'll give us some advice.
I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转)
17) I must go. (我应该去)I must be going.(我该走了)
18) We can discuss this while we eat.(说话是没用餐)
We can discuss this while we are eating.(进餐已开始)

3. 现在完成时与过去一般时
1) I've seen him this morning.(还在上午的时间里)
I saw him this morning.(时间已不在上午了)
2) Who's opened the window (窗户还在开着)
Who opened the window (与现在无关,窗户可能已关上)
3) Have you ever heard him sing (他可能不是爱唱歌)
Did you ever hear him sing(你曾听过他唱歌吗,他可能是歌唱家)
4) Have you ever heard of such a thing (你听过这种事吗)
Did you ever hear of such a thing(这种事, 你听说过吗 是一个修辞性问题，表示惊异。)
5) What have I done to make you so angry (对方仍生气）
What did I do to make you so angry （暗示某一过去的时间，可能对方已不生气了。）
6) How has he done it (他这活干的怎么样？强调结果）
How did he do it（他是怎么干这活的？强调干活的方式）
7) He has lived in New York for eight years. (他仍在纽约）
He lived in New York for eight years.（他可能不在人世了）
8) He has been called a thinker.
He was called a thinker.(他曾被誉为思想家）
9) You've heard what I said. (你听见我的话了）
You heard what I said.（你是听见我的话的，口气严厉，具有感情色彩。）
10) I've lost my pen. (笔还没找到）I lost my pen.（笔可能找到了）
11) He has already been there. (曾去过哪）
He was already there.（当时在哪）
12) Since I have been ill, my friend has visited me every day.（生病还在延续）Since I was ill, my friend has visited me every day. (病已好了）
13) Have you slept well (暗示疲倦了，休息后是否好些了）
Did you sleep well（暗示睡的是否舒服，满意）

4. 过去完成时与过去一般时
1) I came here after I finished middle school.(两个动作每间隔)
I came here after I had finished middle school.(两个动作有间隔,强调先后概念)
2) I waited till I saw him.
I waited till I had seen him. (这两个句子差不多,过去完成时更普遍)
3) We hoped he would come.(我们希望他来)
We had hoped he would come.(我们本希望他来的)
4) I don't think he sang as well as he once did.(指具体一次)
I don't think he sang as well as he had once done.(泛指以前,现在可能不唱了)
5) Before I came here, I was a soldier.(我来此以前在当兵)
Before I came here, I had been a soldier.(我来此以前,曾当过兵)
6) Jim said he didn't know he was so strong.(表示Jim在说话时仍很结实) Jim said he didn't know he had been so strong.(表示在Jim说话之前曾结实过)
7) They were friends from many years.(表示现在还是朋友)
They had been friends for many years.(意味这友谊结束了)
8) He did the work at 6.(强调时间)
He had done the work at 6. (6点工作已做完)
9) I learned French during my holiday.(强调学了)
I had learned French during my holiday. (强调学会了)
10) When she sang she sat down.(表示唱着坐下)
When she had sung she sat down.(表示唱完坐下)
11) I went to bed when I did my homework.(不明确)
I went to bed when I had done my homework.(作业做完)
12) I have lived here since I was a child.(从我长大成人)
I have lived here since I had a child.(从我孩提时)

5. 过去进行时与过去一般时
1) I read a book yesterday. (书已看完)
I was reading a book yesterday.(书尚未看完)
2) The guests arrived.(客人已到)
The guests were arriving.(客人陆续到达)
3) He woke from a dream. (表示全醒)
He was waking from a dream.(表示初醒)
4) The old man died.(已死) The old man was dying.(要死)
5) John told me about it.(告诉我了,我都知道了)
John was telling me about it.(跟我谈起过,我想了解更多的事情)
6) They persuaded me to go along with them.(已经说服)
They were persuading me to go along with them.(还在劝说)
7) The wind blew hard all night.(强调事实)
The wind was blowing hard all night.(强调风刮个不停)
8) I expected you. I was expecting you.(客气,表示可能等了很旧了)
9) He knocked at the door.(强调一次性)
He was knocking at the door.(强调多次性)

6. 将来一般时与现在进行时
1) Will he come Is he coming(时间发生的比较近)
2) How long will you stay hear (表示意愿)
How long will you stay here(表示打算)
3) She'll have a baby. (表示肯定)
She's going to have a baby.(表示推测,计划)
4) I'll see him this evening.(表示意愿)
I'm seeing him this evening.(表示打算,已有安排)

7. 现在一般时与过去一般式
1) Do you wish to see me
Did you wish to see me(表示婉转客气)
2) That's all I have to say.(我的话就这些)
That's all I had to say.(我要说的就这些)
3) How do you like the film (看电影过程中)
How did you like the film(看完电影后)
4) It is nice to see you.(见面时说)
It was so nice to see you.(离别时说)
5) I never like him. (没时间性)
I never liked him.(从来没喜欢过)
6) I think I know that voice.(没见客人时)
I thought I know that voice.(见到客人时,证明自己正确或错误)
7) Who is that (哪人还在)
Who was that(人已不在场了)
8) This cake is made at home. (家里常做这种蛋糕)
This cake was made at home.(这种蛋糕是自家做的)

8.现在完成时与现在完成进行时
1) Someone has phoned you.(打了电话)
Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打电话)
2) I've read the novel.(已读完)
I've been reading the novel.(还没读完)
3) He has lived here for six weeks.
e has been living here for six weeks. (区别不大,后者更口语化)
4) Have you met her lately
Have you been meeting her lately(强调动作的重复,经常见面)
5) Who's eaten my apples ( 苹果没有了)
Who's been eating my apples(有感情色彩,表示愤怒不满)

9.现在一般时与过去完成时
1) I hope that he'll come.
I had hoped he would come.(与事实相反)
(经常这样用的词有expect, think, intend, mean, suppose)
To the top(回页首)
现在完成时

现在完成时是英语时态中最不好掌握的时态，因为对我们来说，它很难在汉语中找到相对应的说法，下面笔者从几个方面分析一下现在完成时的用法。

1． 现在完成时的定义：动作发生在过去，对现在的影响和结果。

2． 强调过去的动作和状态对现在产生的影响和结果。
常用的时间状语有：already, yet, never，有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。
I have already seen the film.
Have you decided yet

3． 刚刚和最近发生的动作和状态。
常用的时间状语有：just, lately, recently, in the past few daysweeks
注意：just 和just now用不同的时态，just now(刚才)一般用过去时。
I have just phoned him
I have visited my parents recently.

4． 从过去一直延续到现在的动作和状态。
常用的时间状语有：since, （可用作介词和连词）for
注意：主句的谓语动词一般是延续性的动词，如果是否定形式，主句的谓语动词可用瞬间动词，否则，不能用瞬间动词。
I have lived here for 20 years.
I have lived here since I came to this city
I have learned English since 10 years ago.
He hasn't come to visit us for a few months.

5． 从过去到现在一段时间的动作和状态。
常用的时间状语有：up till now, so far, in this morning, in this week, in this year, in my life
注意：这两句话的区别
I have seen him this morning. (时间还在上午)
I saw him this morning. (时间不是在上午了)
We have learned so many things from you so far.
I have seen any bird like this in my life.

6． 对过去的体验和经历。
常用的时间状语有：before, ever, once, twice, many times
注意：这两句话的区别
I have been to Beijing （去过北京）
I have gone to Beijing（去北京了，人还没回来〕
Have you seen tiger before
I have been to Shanghai many times.

从上面几方面的分析， 我们把现在完成的用法和时间状语联系起来一起考虑，掌握完成时态的用法

小学毕业班英语复习提要

一、字母：

1、会认、会读、会写26个大小写字母。

①字母的书写格式。

②相邻的字母。

2、掌握英语字母中所含的元音音素

含/ ei /元音音素的字母： Aa Hh Jj Kk

含/ i: /元音音素的字母： Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv

含/ e /元音音素的字母： Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz

含/ ju：/元音音素的字母：Uu Qq Ww

含/ ai /元音音素的字母： Ii Yy

3、字母的大写

英语句子中第一个词的首字母要大写。

人名中姓和名的首字母要大写。

国家、城市、乡、镇等地名的首字母要大写。

专有名词的首字母要大写。

表示“我”的单词“I”，永远大写。

二、词汇

（一）词类：

1、名词

(1)学校、学科及学习用品：

*school *class *book *bag *desk *chair *pen *pencil *classroom *blackboard *English *Chinese *Maths *Science *Music * Art *PE *project (※activity)

(2)家、家庭成员、职业：

*family *father *mother *brother *sister *boy *girl *parent *Mr *Ms *mum *grandpa *grandma *grandfather *grandmother *grandparent *grandchildren *cousin *lady *woman *women * man *men *home *teacher *pupil *doctor *driver *policeman *nurse *farmer *dancer *actor *firemen (※uncle interviewer librarian sales assistant postman kid )

(3)房间及生活用品：

*room *door *window *bed *bedroom *box *TV *television *radio *camera *light *telephone *photo *chopsticks *toothbrush (※wall vase clock table pan)

(4)交通工具：*bike *bus * car *ship *taxi *train *boat *plane (※aeroplane )

(5)饮食：

*food *cake *bread *noodles *rice *egg *fish *meat *ice cream *cheese *sausage *sweets *biscuit *sandwich *hamburger *soup *milk *juice *coffee *tea *fruit *apple *banana *orange * pear *watermelon *fast food *vegetable (※ fish and chips jam mango ginger breakfast lunch dinner peanut spice hot dog dumpling soybean milk)

(6)服装：*clothes *cap *hat *coat *dress *sweater *T-shirt *shoe (※swimsuit )

(7)游戏、运动：

*sport *kite *ball *basketball *football *skipping *swimming *table tennis *game *chess *exercise *playground (※jumping running)

(8)自然：*river *field *hill *lake *tree *sea *stone *mountain

(※stream sun wind leaf (leaves) air wind cloud moon )

(9)季节、天气：*weather *spring *summer *autumn *winter *hot *cool *cold *warm *sunny *windy *snow (※cloudy snowing season rain raining)

(10)动物： *bird *panda *cat *dog *animal *fish *lion *elephant *monkey *tiger *horse *chick *dragon (※zoo bear wolf mouse hen camel frog kangaroo parrot)

(11)日期、时间 : *morning *afternoon *evening *tonight *today. *yesterday *tomorrow *then *day *week *Monday *Tuesday *Wednesday *Thursday *Friday *Saturday *Sunday *January *February *March *April *May *June *July *August *September *October *November *December *time *weekend *0’clock *then (※bedtime night)

(12)人体部位：*body *head *arm *hand *leg *foot (feet) *nose *eye *ear *mouth *hair (※face shoulder toe)

(13)颜色：colour *red *yellow *blue *green *black *purple *pink *white *orange

(14) 方位: *east *west *north *south（※left right straight position）

（15）国家、首都、城市：*country *China *America *England *capital *city (※Japan Australia Spain London New York)

（16）疾病:*stomachache *cold *headache *fever (※ache)

（17）乐器：*flute (※drum guitar piano zither violin)

(18)场所：*park *library *farm *office *airport *supermarket *station （※restaurant theatre）

（19）其他名词：*name *Christmas *doll *toy *half *song *present *picnic *homework *housework *robot *voice *ticket *life *fire *email *kilo *bottle *bell *wheel *card *postcard *hour *secret *matter *line *team *programme *party *CD—ROM *information *timetable *dictionary *newspaper *pocket *holiday *message *idea *Chinese　*kind *circle *joke *history *list *question *flat *building *house *winner *road *letter *picture *friend *thing *people *children *metre *point *row (※festival alphabet jigsaw possessions X—ray accident curl queen rule size abroad communication dream decision discussion e-card language passport place prefer preparation round shelf subject theatre toast trip world way community feeling goalkeeper manners place seashell seashore self-assessment shopping sunshine word work ground luck road Halloween)

2、冠词：*a *an *the

3、代词

(1) 人称代词：*I *you *he *she *it *we *they

*me *you *him *us *them

(2) 形容词性物主代词：*my *your *his *her *its *our *their

(3) 名词性物主代词: *mine *yours *hers *his ours

(4)指示代词：*this *that *these *those

(5)疑问代词：*what *whose *who

(6)不定代词: *nothing *everyone *everything (※anything)

4、动词

(1) 连系动词：*am *are *is (※look)

(2) 助动词和情态动词： *do *can *should (※ does)

(3) 其他动词：*do *go *come *eat *fly *give *like *pass *sing *swim *sleep *say *walk *please *thank *look *help *take *learn *think *agree *call *speak *laugh *dance *ride *carry *bump *happen *phone *stop *stay *climb *suggest *borrow *live *write *read *row *drink *want *make *cook *love *run *jump *wash *draw *count *visit *find *bring *use *study *finish *wait *drop *hold *hurry *hear *sit *need *understand *skip *argue *wear *control *catch *feel *miss *tell *smell *show *cross *sorry *hope (※lost march put shake stamp turn win change hop meet start work does have has listen roar see watch wish point stand click move scream travel try type bake enjoy forget know open practise sell share smile remember)

动词过去式: *go---went *buy---bought *have--- *had

fall off---*fell off feel---felt *ride—rode *wear—wore *tell—*told *make—made *learn---learnt *eat----ate

*give-----gave *drink----drank *meet--met *run--ran

*ring—rang *lose—lost read—read see—saw

teach—taught send--sent take--took win--won

5、形容词：

*big *small *fat *thin * tall *short *long *good *bad *young *old *new *same *different *easy *hard *difficult

* favourite *happy *sad *bored *angry *surprise *tired *shy *clever *cute *naughty　*cool *little *wide *many *beautiful *famous *strong *quiet *nice *right *thirsty *interesting *hungry *some *fast *high *far *better *worse *great *last *busy *excited *funny *ready *another *dear *wonderful *clean *enough *dangerous *deaf *blind *careful *fantastic *useful *retired *traditional *delicious *light *broken *heavy *any (※each lovely fair horrible large wet exciting foreign later lovely nervous all dark low okay scary)

6、副词：*yes *no *now *not *near *here *there *many *too *up *down *where *when *how *why *well *badly *really *back *home *soon *quickly *hard *ago *past *about *also *than (※away alright gently merrily together carefully everywhere so still always　 just only again much rather very )

7、数词：*one *two *three *four *five *six *seven *eight *nine *ten *eleven *twelve *thirteen *fourteen *fifteen *sixteen *seventeen *eighteen *nineteen *twenty *first

(※thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundred)

8、介词：*in *after *before *with *by *for *under *on *at *from

9、连词：*and *because *so but

10、感叹词：*hello *hi *goodbye *bye-bye wow hooray whoops

（二）词组及短语：

*how many(much)多少 *how old 几岁

*look at 看 *have got 拥有

*has got拥有 *have breakfast 吃早餐

*have lunch 吃午餐 *have dinner吃晚餐

*play basketball 打篮球 *play football 踢足球

*play table tennis 打乒乓球 *go to school 上学

*go home 回家 *go to bed 上床睡觉

*get up 起床 *watch TV 看电视

*go to work上班 *listen to 听

*fly kites 放风筝 *riding bike 骑自行车

*half past … 点半 *Spring Festival 春节

*by plane 乘飞机 *at school 在学校

*lots of 许多 *morning exercises 早操

*New Year 新年 *Sports Day运动日

*pop music 流行音乐 *shopping list购物清单

*one day 一天 *excuse me 打扰一下

*go straight on往前走 *come in进来

*come on 加油 *every day 每天

*fast food 快餐 *get on 上车

*turn left\right 向左/右转 *high \long jump跳高/远

*good luck好运 *next to 与……邻近

*o f course 当然 * take a picture照相

* play with 玩/摆弄 *turn on 打开

*talk to 与…..交谈 *a bit 一点

*fell off 从…..摔下来 *in the east\west 在东/西方

*have a picnic 野餐 *on Friday 在星期五

* do my homework做作业 * read a book 读书

*go to th park 去公园 *write a letter写信

*do the housework做家务 *have a cold\fever感冒/发烧

* row a boat 划船 *hurry up 快点

*in a hurry 匆忙 * sit down 坐下

*at he office\home在办公室 *at the weekend 在周末

* be good at 擅长于 *come back 回来

*Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰 *The Great wall 长城

*The Summer palace 颐和园 *the British Museum英国博物馆

*The London Eye伦敦眼

以下词组和短语为理解词组和短语

（※fall down倒塌 give out 分发

far away远离 in a row 排成一行

dragon boat 龙舟 　 at all根本

go swimming去游泳 go fishing 去钓鱼

point to 指…… hot dog热狗

go away 走开 computer game电脑游戏

Happy New Year 新年好 Merry Christmas 圣诞节快乐

library card图书卡 Tianshan Mountain 天山

Li people黎族人 Tianchi Lake 天池）

（三）反义词、对应词

*big---small *long---short *fat---thin *boy---girl *Mr---Mrs

*come---go *sit---stand *yes---no *here---there *up---down

*left---right *new---old *happy—sad *light---heavy

*same ---different *easy---hard *cold---hot *tall---short

*this---that *these---those

（四）缩略式：

I’m = I am you’re =you are he’s =he is she’s = she it’s = it is

isn’t =is not what’s = what is here’s = here is where’s =where is

*三、话题

1. Numbers 数字 2. Colours　　颜色

3. School　 学校 4. Time 时间

5. Food　　食物 6. Clothes 服装

7. Body 身体 8. Pets and animals 宠物和动物

9. Family 家庭 10.Myself and friends谈论自己和朋友

11. Shopping 购物 12.Festival 节日

13.Feelings 情感 14.Possession 物主

15.Manner 文明礼貌 16.Letter 信件

17.Library 图书信息 18.Discussion 讨论

19.Trip 旅游

四、日常交际用语和句型

*1、问候、打招呼及回应：

Good morning! Good morning!

Good afternoon! Good afternoon!

Good evening! Good evening!

Hello/Hi! Hello/Hi!

How are you ? (I’m) Fine, thank you.

How do you do ? How do you do ?

Nice to see you . Nice to see you ,too..

Goodbye/Bye-bye / Bye ! Goodbye/Bye-bye / Bye !

*2、. 介绍：

I’m … This is …

*3. 问某物是什么及回答

What is (What’s) this /that/it ? This/That/ It is …

What are they? They are...

*4. 问某人姓名及回答

What’s your name? My name is…./I’m ….

*5. 问物或人在哪儿及回答

Where is it/the… ? It’s in /on /under/at …

Where is he/she ? He/she is in/on/under/at …

*6.问年龄

How old are you ? I’m…

How old is he /she? He's/She's...

*7. 问数量及回答

How many desks? One desk. (Two desks.)

*8. 问颜色及回答

What colour is it ? It’s …

*9. 说有

I have got... He (She) has got…

Have you got a(an)…? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

What have you got ?

There is (are)…

*10. 喜欢与不喜欢

I like …　　　I don’t like…

He/She likes… He/ She doesn’t like…

Do you like..? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

What’s your(his her) favourite colour (day, food, sport and so on)?

My(His /Her) favourite colour is Green

Here you are.

※Does he/she like…? Yes, he/she does. (No, he/she doesn’t.)

*11. 问时间及回答

What time is it? It’s …(o’clock)/half past… .

When is your birthday ? In May.

※What’s the time? It’s …(o’clock)/half past… .

12.问某地有什么

What’s in /on/under/at…?

*There is/are….

What was here then?

There was/were…

13. 问乘坐的交通工具及回答

*How do you go to school? I go to school by…

※How does he/she go to work? He/She goes to work by…

※How/What about…?

14. (询问)某人正在做什么及回答

*I’m wearing a yellow T-shirt.

*What are you doing? I am ….

What is he/she doing? He/She is ….

※What are they doing? They are ….

*15．表示请求

Can I have some sweets? Yes ,you can ./No , you can’t.

*16. 问能力及回答

Can you run fast? Yes, I can. (No, I can’t.)

Can he…? Yes, he can. (No, he can’t.)

17．问某人要去哪里及回答

Where are you going? I am going to…

※Where is he/she going? He/She is going to…

※Where are you going? We are going to…

※Where are they going? They are going to…

18提供、请求帮助

Let me do it for you.

Let me help you.

Can I help you ? Yes ,please./No ,thank you.

Can you help me?

19. 问打算做某事及回答

*What are you going to do? I am going to ….

※What is he/she going to do? He is going to ….

20.问某时做什么

What do/did you do at the weekend? I play/played football/...

What does he/she do at the weekend? He/She goes swimming

*21.问路

Excuse me.Where's the ...,please?

Go straight on ./Turn right / Turn left.

*22.感情

How do you feel?

I feel happy/sad/angry/bored/tired.

Toby is/feels happy/sad/angry/bored/tired.

*23. 购物

How many pears do you want?

How much cheese do you want?

How much is it ? It is two pounds.

*24.询问物主

Whose T-shirt is this?

It’s mine/yours/his/hers/Lingling’s.

*25.文明、规范

You should look , then cross the road.

You shouldn’t walk in the road.

You should say hello to your friends.

26.建议

What do you suggest?

What/How about…?

Why don’t you …?

27.变化

Five years ago, he walked to school.

Now he goes to school by school bus.

28.查询信息

Where are the books about computers, please?

They are on shelf C.

Where can you find out about animas/…?

You can find out about Chinese words in this dictionary.

29.决定

This blue one is big and light. It’s easy for you.

（注: 打*的要求四会；“※”要求会听、说、读。）

三.现在进行时主要用于：

1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。

e.g. Listen, someone is crying.

　　 What are you doing these days?

2 、代替一般现在时，表示经常性动作或状态，而含有某种感情色彩。

e.g. How are you feeling today?

　　 你今天感觉怎样？（显得亲切）

　　 He is doing well in his lessons.

　　 他的功课很好。（赞扬）

　 You are always boasting.

　　 你老爱吹牛。（厌烦）

3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。

e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.

与这种时态连用的时间状语常有：

now, these days, recently, this week 等。

四、一般将来时主要用于：

表示将要发生的动作或情况

e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.

与这个时态连用的时间状语常用：

tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。

一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别：

一般将来时态 ：主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。

be going to 结构 ：①表（主观上）打算或准备做某事时。 ②表有发生某事的预兆时。

e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

　　 It is going to rain.

据以上区别，故下面一句是错的：

I am going to be eighteen years old next year.

应改为： I shall be eighteen years old next year.

be about to do sth 结构 ：意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性。

e.g. We are about to discuss this problem.

　　 我们将马上讨论这个问题。

be to do sth 结构： 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。

e.g. When is the train to leave.

　　 All these things are to be answered for.

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