句子重音和语调

句子重音和语调

英语句子听起来之所以忽轻忽慢，忽升忽降，富有节奏感，主要是因为句子重音和语调的重要调节作用。

一、句子重音

在句子重音中，单词重音是认识和掌握句子重音的基础。单词一旦置于句子里，在语流中并不是所有的单词都像单独读音时读得那么响亮，只有其中部分词重读，部分词不重读。如：It was ˈtoo exˈpensive for me to ˈbuy.这个句子中只有三个词重读。另外，句子中要重读的词若为双音节或多音节词，重音一般就落在该词的重读音节上。像前句中的expensive就属于这种情况。如何掌握句子重音的规律，判别句子重音是正确朗读英语句子的关键之一，应遵循的基本原则如下：

在通常情况下，“实强虚弱”，即在一个英语句子中实词（notional words/content words）一般重读，虚词(form words/function words)一般弱读。 名词 一般都重读 There is a ˈbook on the ˈdesk. My ˈsister ˈput up a ˈpicture on the ˈwall. ˈJohn ˈwants to ˈsee the ˈteacher after ˈclass. An ˈelephant is an ˈanimal.

一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的名词,如thing, person, place, 或指一大类人或事物的名词，如 man, woman, fellow, time, ship,前面有修饰语缩小其范围时，这类名词通常不重读 ˈThat's a ˈnice thing. (比较： ˈThat's a ˈnice ˈpicture.) He's an ˈeasy person to ˈget aˈlong with. He's the ˈright man for the ˈjob. It's alˈready ˈlunch time. (比较; It's ˈtime for ˈlunch.)

代词常重读的代词有 1．指示代词ˈThis is ˈnot what I ˈmean. ˈThat ˈisn't the one I ˈasked for.ˈDo you ˈlike (ˈ)these ˈflowers？ 但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音ˈHow do you ˈlike those ˈlittle ones ˈWho ˈwrote this ˈinteresting ˈstory

2. 名词性物主代词ˈYours is ˈmuch ˈnicer than ˈmine. The ˈred one is ˈhis.但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读 Iˈm ˈwriting to a ˈfriend of mine.3. 强调代词 I ˈsaw it myˈself. The ˈman himˈself ˈtold me so.4．疑问代词 ˈWho are you ˈtalking to ˈWhat can I ˈdo for you ˈWho ˈcame to ˈsee you this ˈmorning

不重读的代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词（形容词性），相互代词，关系代词He ˈhasn't ˈseen my ˈbrother yet. He ˈhurt himself when he was ˈplaying ˈfootball. They ˈoften ˈhelp each other. The ˈgirl who ˈspoke to you just ˈnow is my ˈsister.

形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读 数词一般都应重读The ˈstreets are ˈwide, ˈclean and ˈbeautiful.ˈThis ˈnarrow ˈvalley was the ˈscene of a ˈfamous ˈbattle.His ˈfirst daughter is fifˈteen. It's a ˈdull and disapˈpointing film.ˈThat's exˈciting news. The ˈworried man ˈentered the ˈcrowded ˈstreet.He ˈbought ˈten ˈcups and ˈI bought only ˈfour.

冠词 一般都不重读He ˈlives in a ˈhouse ˈnot ˈfar from the ˈschool.Itˈs an ˈhour's ˈdrive from the ˈold ˈstation.The ˈman ˈover there is my ˈbrother. An ˈelephant is an ˈanimal.

动词

主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词（notional verb）都要重读 (be、have 除外)He ˈtakes a ˈwalk after ˈsupper ˈevery ˈday. ˈDonˈt forˈget your ˈhomework.I supˈpose you ˈknow him.非限定动词一般也都要重读 不定式 We deˈcided to ˈstart the ˈnext ˈday.分词 We ˈsat at the ˈdesk ˈwriting a ˈletter.动名词 It's ˈno ˈuse ˈasking him about ˈthat.

助动词和情态动词与not构成的缩略式要重读I ˈdon't want to ˈgo there toˈday.He ˈwasn't surˈprised when I ˈtold him the ˈnews.We ˈcan't ˈstay any ˈlonger.ˈDonˈt you think you ˈshouldn't say ˈsuch things？ We must ˈdo it ˈnow, ˈmustn't we？ cannot不缩写成can't 时，重音也在can 上I ˈcannot agree ˈwith him.

Do 用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的I ˈdo hope ˈthis will be efˈfective.He ˈdoes need your ˈhelp.We ˈdid warn you beˈfore.ˈDo ˈdrop ˈin when you are in ˈXuzhou.

不重读的动词助动词 He did ˈnot work ˈhard for the eˈxam.We were imˈpressed by their aˈchievements.ˈMuch has been ˈsaid aˈbout it.They will be surˈprised at ˈthat.情态动词 He should be ˈcriticized for ˈdoing ˈthat.ˈMary could ˈdo it ˈbetter than ˈHerbert. I must ˈgo ˈnow.ˈWho can ˈanswer this ˈquestion

动词 be(是),have(有)一般不重读 I have ˈso many ˈthings to ˈdo toˈday.ˈFew ˈpeople had ˈTV ˈsets in ˈthose ˈdays.The ˈkey was ˈin the ˈbox.

以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要动词时，要重读; 用于一

般疑问句句首有时重读，但在比较随便的谈话中不必重读 (ˈ)Have you any ˈbrothers and ˈsisters ˈYes, I ˈhave.(ˈ)Are you a ˈstudent ˈYes, I ˈam.(ˈ)Can you ˈcome this afterˈnoon Yes, I ˈcan.He ˈsaid ˈmore than he ˈshould at the ˈmeeting. I ˈdon't want to ˈgo there, but I ˈmust.

副词 一般都重读 They ˈcame ˈback ˈearly ˈyesterday. ˈWhere did you ˈbuy it ˈWhy do you ˈcome You ˈmeet ˈpeople ˈeverywhere. I've ˈnever ˈheard of ˈsuch a thing beˈfore. Perˈhaps she'll arˈrive toˈnight.ˈTell him to ˈcome ˈin. A ˈcar ˈdashed ˈpast. ˈThank you for ˈcoming to ˈsee me ˈoff.

但关系副词不重读 He ˈvisited the ˈsmall ˈvillage where he was ˈborn.They ˈcame ˈright at the ˈtime when we ˈneeded their ˈhelp.ˈThis is the ˈreason why they ˈfailed.介词 单音节介词一般都不重读 ˈAll but ˈone of the ˈfamily are at ˈhome.ˈHow ˈfar is it from ˈParis to ˈLondon ˈWhat are you ˈlooking at ˈThatˈs what I was ˈthinking of.

多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读I'll ˈdo it (ˈ)after ˈlunch. He ˈfinished the ˈarticle (ˈ)during the ˈholidays.The ˈman ˈwalked a(ˈ)long the ˈstreet.He ˈsearched a(ˈ)mong the ˈpapers. I forˈgot ˈall a(ˈ)bout it. I have ˈnothing to ˈsay con(ˈ)cerning this ˈproblem. ˈPut it ˈopposite the ˈdoor.

在不重读的连系动词be或人称代词后，不论是单音节或多音节介词都重读 They're ˈby the ˈwindow. He was ˈin the ˈsitting-room. Is it ˈnear the ˈpost office The ˈteacher was ˈwith us at the ˈpicnic. It was ˈduring the ˈinterval.He was beˈside himself with ˈrage. They are beˈhind the ˈdoor.

介词在句首时常可重读 ˈOn his ˈway ˈhome he ˈmet an ˈold ˈfriend. ˈIn the ˈroom they ˈfound a ˈlittle ˈboy. ˈUnder the ˈtree ˈstands a ˈtall man.

连接词 单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词both … and neither…nor等）和从属连词都不重读 He ˈcame and ˈspoke to us. I ˈsaw it but ˈdidn't ˈread it. ˈLet's ˈrun or we'll be ˈlate. ˈThat ˈtakes both ˈtime and ˈenergy. Neither ˈyou nor ˈI can ˈsolve the ˈproblem. I sugˈgest that we ˈgive ˈup the ˈplan. He was ˈangry with me because I was ˈlate. The proˈfessor was ˈbusy ˈwriting when I ˈwent to ˈsee him.

We ˈtook the ˈtaxi to the ˈstation so (that) we could be in ˈtime for the ˈtrain. She ˈdidn't arˈrange the ˈchairs as I ˈtold her. ˈPut it where it can ˈeasily be ˈseen. He ˈwants to ˈsee you before you ˈleave. She inˈsisted on ˈgoing, though I ˈtold her ˈnot to. They were disapˈpointed whereas ˈwe were deˈlighted. You ˈcan't underˈstand it until you ˈread it to the ˈend.

连接词词组 其中重要的词要重读，还有一些意味较强的连接词也要重读 If ˈonly I ˈknew how to ˈdo it. He'll ˈhelp us on conˈdition that we ˈtrust him. We'll ˈstart toˈmorrow ˈeven if it ˈrains. They have ˈnever ˈmet ˈever since ˈ19ˈ80. The ˈmeeting will beˈgin as ˈsoon as the ˈguests ˈcome. You'll sucˈceed so ˈlong as you ˈwork ˈhard. It's ˈsuch a ˈpity that you ˈcan't ˈcome.

He ˈspoke ˈso ˈfast that I could ˈhardly ˈfollow him.Will you ˈtry aˈgain supˈposing you ˈfail I must ˈgo there alˈthough it is ˈraining. The ˈschool bus will ˈleave diˈrectly theˈbell ˈrings. You can ˈnever sucˈceed unˈless you ˈwork ˈhard.

从句放在主句前面时，处于句首的连接词常重读 （that 除外）ˈWhen he ˈcomes I'll introˈduce him to you. ˈAfter Iˈve ˈfinished it I'll ˈshow it to you. ˈAs I was ˈwaiting for the ˈbus, it ˈsuddenly beˈgan to ˈrain. 但 That we can ˈdo it withˈout him is abˈsurd.

连接代词who (whom, whose) what, which 和连接副词when, where, how, why 可以重读，也可以不重读 I ˈwonder ˈwho ˈthat was. ˈAsk him ˈwhich is ˈbetter. I ˈdon't ˈknow ˈhow they ˈare. I ˈdon't ˈknow how ˈthings are in ˈtheir ˈschool. I'm ˈnot sure ˈwhen he's ˈcoming. I ˈcan't underˈstand ˈwhy he reˈfuses to ˈgo. Do you ˈsee what I ˈmean He ˈdoesn't know ˈwhat he should ˈdo ˈnext.

感叹词 感叹词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读 ˈAh! ˈOh! ˈUgh![ˈuh] ˈEh ˈFancy! ˈGoodness!ˈNonsense! Helˈlo! Inˈdeed! ˈHow ˈawful!但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高Ah ˈˈno! Oh ˈˈwell! Oh ˈˈdear!

不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况任何本来有句子重音的词，如果上文刚出现过，第二次提到时一般不应重读 --ˈHow ˈmany ˈtimes have you ˈbeen there --ˈThree times. The ˈboy ˈshouted to the ˈother boys. --They ˈwant ˈstrong men. --ˈVery ˈwell. I ˈam strong. ˈStudy as ˈLenin studied. A ˈnew comˈmittee has been ˈset ˈup and ˈDr ˈLi is ˈon the committee.

名词 street 在街名中不重读 ˈOxford Street ˈDowning Street ˈEighth Street ˈWall Street但road, avenue, lane, way, hill, town, park, palace等词在街名地名中都要重读ˈYork ˈRoad ˈWest ˈLake ˈHyde ˈPark ˈBuckingham ˈPalace ˈHampton ˈCourt

一个名词受另一个名词（或形容词）修饰时，如修饰语与别的词形成对比时，或两个词意义上联系很紧密时，被修饰的名词不重读，只重读前面的修饰语 ˈrailway journey 坐火车旅行（区别于坐汽车或飞机旅行） ˈpleasure trip 旅游（区别于因事旅行） ˈhigh school 中学 ˈsafety razor 安全剃刀 ˈlife-saving apparatus 救生装置 ˈdoor handle ˈtennis ball ˈcamping ground ˈgolf club ˈviolin string examiˈnation paper

指示代词 this, that, these, those有时没有很强的指示意味，其意义很接近于冠词the，特别是当其修饰的名词前面已提到时，这些指示代词不重读 He ˈmanaged this ˈmatter ˈwonderfully. It is ˈnecessary to ˈtake these ˈmeasures. He ˈcouldn't ˈbear the ˈgaze of those ˈeyes. 在 this ˈmorning, this ˈafterˈnoon, this ˈevening 等词组中，this 不重读

such 后面跟有强调的词时不重读such a ˈcurious ˈshape such ˈquantities of ˈwood 如果后面的词不可能重时，则重读 suchˈSuch a thing should ˈnever have ˈhappened.副词so在 think so, do so等词组里不重读 I ˈthink so. I ˈdidn't ˈsay so. I ˈbelieve so. ˈWho ˈtold you to ˈdo so

副词so, now, then用来在语气上连接上下文时，不重读So he ˈwent into the ˈgarden. Now ˈlisten to me ˈcarefully. Then ˈdon't forˈget to ˈwrite to me after you arˈrive there.

某些插入语不须重读I'm aˈfraid he's ˈnot ˈcoming.He's ˈnot ˈcoming, I'm afraid.ˈPlease ˈsit ˈdown. ˈSit ˈdown, please.He ˈsaid, “I'm ˈsorry.” “I'm ˈsorry,” he said.One作为数词要重读，但用作代词时不重读ˈThat's a ˈgood one. ˈHow are the ˈlittle ones You've ˈgot the ˈwrong one, ˈI want the ˈgreen one.

二、语调

在英语说话和朗读时不但要注意句子的重读、音的长度、音的变化，而且很重要的是要注意句子或短语的语调 在英语中通过语调的高低、句子重读、音的长度，使语言表达丰富多彩，声情并茂。英语语调或升或降，或高或低，一般落在短语或句子的最后一个重音上。 可以将英语语调归纳为四种： 降调 升调 平调 降升调

用降调的句型1. 陈述句 Thank you. Not at all.You're quite right.I'm afraid I must be off.

2. 特殊疑问句What time can I see you？ What's the matter with you

3. 祈使句 Come in. Close the door.Fetch me my gloves.Please drop in any time you like.Hurry up or we'll miss the train.

4. 感叹句What a hot day!Isn't it lovely!

用升调的句型1. 一般疑问句 Have you been staying here long？ Are you free tomorrow morning？ Is this lesson too difficult

2. 祈使句 表示很婉转和客气的请求，祈使句有时也可以一般疑问句的形式出现Won't you take a seat Shall we go to the dining room

3. 陈述句 有些陈述句包含不肯定、疑惑、安慰、抱歉、无能为力、轻蔑、不在乎、不耐烦，以及其他一些没有直接表达出来的情绪时，用升调 I can't wait that long. I thought everything would be all right. I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. 上述某些情绪，如不肯定、疑惑、轻蔑、无可奈何等，也可以用降升调，情绪更为强烈

语调群 1. 升调在前，降调在后。选择疑问句，要求回答者选择任何一个Do you prefer tea or coffee Is he still here or has he gone home already？ 以状语或状语从句开始的句子At ten o'clock in the morning the contest began.计数或点东西a chair, a table, a bed and a desk

2. 降调在前，升调在后。反意疑问句，表示说话人有一些疑惑，要肯定以下自己的看法You went to the concert yesterday, didn't you？ He works in a bank in town, doesn't he？ 前面是陈述句，后面有一个表示不肯定或有疑虑的附加语It's going to rain, I'm afraid.在句末称呼人时，用升调Tell me the truth, George.

3. 前后都是降调反意疑问句，这类反意疑问句疑问成分很少，答案无疑已经知道It's a fine day, isn't it？

She is talking just like her mother, isn't she？ 主语在前，状语或状语从句在后的陈述句He will know better when he gets older.有两个或两个以上并列句的句子The telephone rang, but I didn't answer it.

三、句子节奏 O O O O ˈtime's ˈup. ˈmake ˈhaste ˈnext ˈweek ˈwhat's ˈthisˈwork ˈhard ˈwell ˈdone ˈall ˈright ˈquite ˈgoodˈYes, ˈplease. ˈhold ˈon ˈthat's ˈtrue ˈtoo ˈbadˈgood ˈnews ˈthis ˈmonthˈnot ˈyet ˈcome ˈin

O o O O o O ˈnever ˈmind ˈwait and ˈseeˈleave at ˈonce ˈword by ˈword ˈlet me ˈsee ˈthanks a ˈlot ˈout of ˈdate ˈquite a ˈlot ˈtry it ˈout ˈgood iˈdeaˈcome aˈlong ˈfar and ˈwide ˈtime and ˈtide ˈlittle ˈgirlˈwhat a ˈday

O o O o O o O o ˈwait a ˈmoment ˈgive me ˈthis one ˈlet's get ˈstarted ˈspring is ˈcoming ˈMerry ˈChristmas. ˈcome and ˈhelp me ˈglad to ˈsee you ˈvery ˈfunny ˈlet me ˈhelp you ˈwho can ˈhelp meˈquite a ˈlot of ˈrather ˈboring ˈgo and ˈget it ˈwhen to ˈdo itˈjust ˈimagine ˈtime is ˈprecious

o O o O o O o O the ˈlatest ˈnews a ˈwaste of ˈtime he's ˈlate for ˈclass she's ˈgone ˈawaya ˈlot of ˈnoise I'd ˈlike to ˈcomeit ˈdoesn't ˈwork we'd ˈbetter ˈgoa ˈsign of ˈsmoke he ˈalways ˈsingsit's ˈtime for ˈlunch I'll ˈsee you ˈoff it's ˈhard to ˈsay a ˈday of ˈworkI've ˈno ˈidea I'm ˈsure you ˈwill

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