少儿英语音标入门 doc

音标入门

一、元音

（一）单元音

（1）前元音：[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ æ ]

[ i: ]

发音组合: e ee ea ie ei

代表单词: me he we even

bee feel breeze deep free

seat beat lead tea eat reason

grief believe achieve

receive conceive

音标对比: [ i: ] [ i ]

seat sit

beat bit

sheep ship

[ e ]

发音组合: e ea a

代表单词：pen ten best beg egg net

bread heaven

marry any many

音标对比： [ i ] [ e ]

sit set

lift left

did dead

（2）中元音：[ə:] [ə]

[ə: ]

发音组合：or ir er ur ear

代表单词：work worker worm

bird dirt affirm

term

burn surf

pearl learn

（3）后元音: [a:] [ʌ] [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ]

[a:]

发音组合：ar ear al

代表单词：far dark hart farm garden bar

heart

half

音标对比：[a:] [ʌ]

fast fun

hart but

card cut

[u:]

发音组合：oo o ou u

代表单词：food fool boom cool pool shoot

tomb group

blue clue rule truth conclude

音标对比: [u:] [u]

foot food

boot book

cool could

[ɔ:]

发音组合：a oo aw ou ore au or ar

代表单词：talk ball hall call

door floor

law saw

bought fought thought tought

before ignore

caught naughty nautical

force born sort

warn

（二）双元音

（1）合口双元音为: [ei] [ai] [ɔɪ] [au] [əu]

[ei]

发音组合：ei a ai ay

代表单词：eight

cake fate snake lake make name

paid main

day may

[ai]

发音组合：y i uy

代表单词：cry dry my

kite high bike tight fine time

buy guy

[ɔɪ]

发音组合：oy oi

代表单词：toy boy loyal

noise voice point soil coin

[au]

发音组合：ou ow

代表单词：house sound out noun

bow town now tower

[əu]

发音组合：o ow oa

代表单词：host nose tone hole note

bowl know low own

boat coat

（2）集中双元音为：[iə] [ɛə] [uə]

[iə]

发音组合：eer ear ere

代表单词：beer deer

hear near fear

here

[ɛə]

发音组合：air ear are ere

代表单词：hair fair air chair

bear swear

dare hare

there

[uə]

发音组合：oor ure our

代表单词：poor

lure sure

tour

二、辅音

（一）爆破音: [ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ]

[ p ]

发音组合：p

代表单词：pay pipe put pie peach

sport speed spend

[ t ]

发音组合：t

代表单词：tea teacher team tare tank tip

it meet cat fate tent boat

student stand stick

[ k ]

发音组合：c k ck

代表单词：cake car can cat come

kite sky keep

pick back

（二）摩擦音: [ f ] [ v ] [θ] [ð] [ʃ] [ʒ]

[ s ] [ z ] [ h] [ r]

[ f ]

发音组合：f ph

代表单词：five first life fine fat fail fair fall

telephone phonetics photo

[θ]

发音组合：th

代表单词：think teeth thick theme thank

both tooth truth fifth mouth faith

音标对比：[θ] [ð]

thick this

theme than

teeth they

death these

[ʃ]

发音组合：sh s ss ch

代表单词：ship fish sheet sheep dish

sure ensure

assure

machine

[ s ]

发音组合：s c

代表单词：seem set seek say see

books dense mouse cups

face ice race price

[ h ]

发音组合：h wh (wh 在元音字母o前才发此音)

代表单词：hot home house horse hate high

whole who whose whom

（三）破擦音: [tʃ] [dʒ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]

[ tʃ]

发音组合：ch

代表单词：cheap child chest choke check

catch watch

音标对比：[ t] [ʃ]

cheap ship

chose shoes

catch cash

[ tr ]

发音组合：tr

代表单词：tree treat trip train tram

音标对比: [ tr ] [ dr ]

tree dream

try dry

treat dream

[ ts ]

发音组合：ts

代表单词：sits seats mates peasants parents

音标对比：[ ts] [ dz ] [ z ] [ dz ]

bets beds boys boards

seats seeds gloves grounds

nets needs stares stands

（四）鼻辅音: [ m ] [ n ] [ ŋ ]
[ m ]

发音组合：m

代表单词：some come dime

mother map moon

[ n ]

发音组合：n

代表单词：noon nose note not no nothing

moon soon son gun thin run dine gain

（五）舌边音: [ l ]

发音组合: l

代表单词：清晰音[ l ] let lad late laid leap lap

代表单词：含糊音[ l ] deal tell belt sale table

（六）半元音: [ w ] [ j ]

[ w ]

发音组合：w wh

代表单词：wait west way wet will wide

wheel what why when where while

音标对比：[ w ] [ v ]

wet vet

winter inventure

world voice

women visit

补充：元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重读音节中的一般读音规则：

          a   e     i         o       u

重读开音节：[ ei ]  [ i: ]    [ ai ]    [ əu ]    [ju:] [u:]

重读闭音节：[ æ ]    [ e ]     [ i ]   [ ɔ ]   [ ʌ ] [ u ]

注意：除了符合读音规则的词以外，还有一些词是例外的，需要逐个记忆。

重读开音节：一个辅音加e结尾的单词, 元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发长音

如: cake theme bike close consume

重读闭音节：元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发短音

如: have bed sit love bus

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