高考物理实验 读数练习专题（1）
——游标卡尺
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=454.2&md5sum=69176149a486500713044e3312a711a3&sign=eb727f7ea1&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3.1&l=webapp&bucketNum=29&ipr={"t":"img","w":"454.2","h":"218.46666666667","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image1.png","imgOriW":1024,"imgOriH":768})
1、结构
可以方便地测量外径、内径、深度。
卡尺分类 | 主尺最小刻度（mm） | 游标刻度总长(mm) | 精确度(mm) |
10分度 | 1 | 9 | 0．1 |
20分度 | 1 | 19 | 0．05 |
50分度 | 1 | 49 | 0．02 |
2、读数方法
第一步：看游标尺总刻度确定精确定度（10分度、20分度、50分度的精确度见上表）
第二步：读出游标尺零刻度线左侧的主尺整毫米数（X）；如：以下例题中为X=41mm
第三步：找出游标尺与主尺刻度线“正对”的位置，并在游标尺上读出对齐线到零刻度线的小格数(n)（不要估读）；如：以下例题中为10小格, 即n=10；
第四步：按读数公式读出测量值。
读数公式：测量值（L）=主尺读数（X）+游标尺读数（n×精确度）
如：以下例题的测量值=41mm+10×0.02mm=41.20mm,单位换算后其读数为4.120cm
例1、一种游标卡尺，它的游标尺上有50个小的等分刻度，总长度为49 mm。用它测量某物体长度，卡尺示数如图所示，则该物体的长度是________ cm。
答案：4.120（漏掉末位有效数字“0”不给分）
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=409.06666666667&md5sum=69176149a486500713044e3312a711a3&sign=eb727f7ea1&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3.1&l=webapp&bucketNum=29&ipr={"t":"img","w":"409.06666666667","h":"172.33333333333","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image2.png","imgOriW":501,"imgOriH":211})
注意：本题的游标尺读数
计算方法如下
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=102.66666666667&md5sum=69176149a486500713044e3312a711a3&sign=eb727f7ea1&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3.1&l=webapp&bucketNum=29&ipr={"t":"img","w":"102.66666666667","h":"73.333333333333","dataType":"gif","c":"word/media/image3.png"})
[读数经验之谈]
（1）主尺上的读数，应为游标的0刻度左端上主尺的为准；
（2）看清游标的精确度；
（3）游标卡尺都是根据刻线对齐来读数的，所以都不再往下一位估读。
读数举例
由于画图存在误差的原因，所以对齐的线段以作标记的为准。
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=268&md5sum=69176149a486500713044e3312a711a3&sign=eb727f7ea1&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3.1&l=webapp&bucketNum=29&ipr={"t":"img","w":"268","h":"143","dataType":"gif","c":"word/media/image5.png"})
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=532&md5sum=69176149a486500713044e3312a711a3&sign=eb727f7ea1&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3.1&l=webapp&bucketNum=29&ipr={"t":"img","w":"532","h":"131","dataType":"gif","c":"word/media/image7.png"})
读数练习
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=201.33333333333&md5sum=69176149a486500713044e3312a711a3&sign=eb727f7ea1&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3.1&l=webapp&bucketNum=29&ipr={"t":"img","w":"201.33333333333","h":"76","dataType":"gif","c":"word/media/image8.png"})
【练习1】读出下列游标卡尺测量的读数；
⑴ ⑵
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=374.66666666667&md5sum=69176149a486500713044e3312a711a3&sign=eb727f7ea1&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3.1&l=webapp&bucketNum=29&ipr={"t":"img","w":"374.66666666667","h":"88","dataType":"gif","c":"word/media/image10.png"})
⑶
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=265.33333333333&md5sum=69176149a486500713044e3312a711a3&sign=eb727f7ea1&rtcs_flag=1&rtcs_ver=3.1&l=webapp&bucketNum=29&ipr={"t":"img","w":"265.33333333333","h":"76","dataType":"gif","c":"word/media/image11.png"})
【练习2】有一游标卡尺，主尺的最小分度是1mm，游标上有20个小的等分刻度。用它测量一小球的直径，如图所示的读数是 mm。
请自觉使用参考答案
练习1答案：⑴2.98cm ⑵6.170cm ⑶1.050cm
练习2答案:10.50cm（提示：该游标上的刻度不是第几条刻线，而是已经换算好的毫米位以后的数值。游标尺上刻5的位置，实际上是第10条刻线，代表10×0.05mm=0.50mm。）
游标卡尺读数练习
10分度（0.1mm） | |
1读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ |
2读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ |
3读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ |
4读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ |
5读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ |
6读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ |
7读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ |
8读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ |
9读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ |
10读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ |
20分度（0.05mm） | |
11读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ | |
12读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ | |
13读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ | |
14读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ | |
50分度（0.02mm） | |
15读数：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ | |
参考答案：1、30.6 2、100.4 3、0.9 4、89.0 5、30.0 6、90.0 7、91.3 8、55.0 9、92.0
10、91.7 11、10.95 12、40.45 13、19.00 14、1.75 15、3.40 （单位均为mm）
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