2019届高考英语一轮基础练Unit23Conflict（含解析）北师大版选修

Unit 23 Conflict

李仕才

阅读理解

A

Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change. For many people, the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.

In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.

However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fastgrowing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?

The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don' t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.

How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.

1.The passage mainly talks about________.

A. the world's food problem B. the development in biotech

C. the genetically modified foods D. the way to solve food shortages

2.According to the passage, GM foods________.

A. will replace naturally grown foods

B. are far better than naturally grown foods

C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition

D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries

3.The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably

means that________.

A.GM foods are available everywhere

B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced

C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers

D. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets

4.What's the writer's attitude towards GM foods?

A. Enthusiastic. B. Cautious.

C. Disapproving. D. Unbelievable.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。

1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods).”可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。

2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.”可知，转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。

4.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段中的“However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.”可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。

B

(2017·湖北八校高三第一次联考)We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.When we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.

First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example, the word “dog” can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbor’s dog.No language has a separate word for the idea “dog that I saw yesterday” and another word for the idea “dog that I saw in a dream”．This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So, when you have a conversation with your neighbor, the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word “dog” probably means in that situation.

The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example, the word “bank” has two possible meanings.It can mean “a place where people keep money”，but it can also mean “the side of a river”．So the sentence “I went to the bank” is not clear.It could mean I went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my money is kept.However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know that “bank” means “the side of a river”．

The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not very particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.

【解题导语】　本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。

1．The passage is mainly about ________．

A．the best time and place to talk to others

B．how the speaking situation helps language work

C．what to say in difficult situations

D．how our language works

B　解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用，故选B。

2．According to the passage, we can safely say that ________．

A．the speaking situation does not affect the meaning of words

B．speaking is not very natural for most people

C．the speaking situation is not important

D．people often do not consider how talking works

D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.”可知，故选D。

3．By using the example of the word “dog”， the writer wants to show that ________．

A．a word may need to be explained in a conversation

B．a word may have different meanings

C．the speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word

D．the meaning of words is not particular

C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话“First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.”和下文的“For example”可知，下文正是用dog一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话，故选C。

4．According to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word “bank” by referring to ________．

A．the time and the place where the conversation happens

B．the occupation of the person who uses the word

C．earlier or later parts of the conversation

D．a reliable dictionary

C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段所讲，作者用bank一词举例说明对话中这个词之前或之后的部分决定了这个词的含义，故选C。

C

The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at home with her parents. All she’s ever wanted to do is to become an elementary school teacher. However, Hipp has racked up(累计) $100,000 (about 0.67 million yuan) in student loan debt and isn’t able to earn enough through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server to live anywhere other than home.

To some degree, multigenerational households have always been a part of American life. However, the number of adults who have been moving back in with their parents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily.

The Pew Research Center recently reported that 2016 was a milestone in the evolving living arrangements of young adults in the US. Until 2016, the most common living arrangement for young adults was to be living in their own property as part of a couple. UBS Financial Services, a Swiss global financial services company, released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesn’t want them to leave. The report shows that 74 percent of millennials(千禧一代) get some kind of financial support from their parents after college. Millennials see their parents as peers, friends and mentors(导师). In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them. Stuart Hoffman, chief economist for the PNC Financial Group in the US, said “Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, that doesn’t necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest, he said. “They may like living at home and being able to save money.”

He added, “While it has held back household formation and purchases on things, they are probably traveling more and eating out more. I don’t know if it represents a change in moral values, it’s much more common for adult children to live in their parent’s homes because it’s becoming part of the culture.”

1.What’s the purpose of Caitlin Hipp’s story?

A. To prove the author’s view.

B. To introduce her situation.

C. To present the topic.

D. To make readers rethink about the problem.

2.What does the underlined part (Paragraph1) probably refer to?

A. live with parents B. live independently

C. stay at home D. leave home

3.According to Hoffman, which of the following is true?

A. It isn’t necessary for millennials to leave the nest.

B. They can spend less money on their daily life.

C. Moral values are changing gradually.

D. Young adults are living in a different life style.

4.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Why is the number of the millennial growing steadily?

B. Why has the percentage of adults living with their parents been on the rise?

C. Why are parents willing to help fund for young adults?

D. Why do more adults treat their parents as peers, friends and guides?

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在美国，现在和父母同住的年轻人的数量持续增加这一社会现象。

1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However, the number of adults who have been moving back in with their parents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily.”可知，文章开头举Caitlin Hipp的例子就是为了引出本文话题——越来越多的美国青年倾向于和父母同住。

3.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“it’s much more common for adult children to live in their parent’s homes because it’s becoming part of the culture.”可知，霍夫曼认为现在的年轻人和父母同住是一种很正常的社会现象，这是不同以往的，说明年轻人的生活方式发生了变化。

4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第二段中的“However, the number of adults who have been moving back in with their parents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily”可知，本文主要介绍了在美国，现在和父母同住的年轻人的数量持续增加这一社会现象。

D

(2017·湖北七市高三联考)Modern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat.Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things.How much you eat is strongly affected by how much those around you eat.People eating alone eat least.People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.People dining in a party of four eat 75 percent more.Eating with overweight friends? You’ll eat more.Is your waitress overweight? You’ll eat more.A wide variety of food? You’ll eat more.

Plates can decide how sweet dessert tastes.If people ate it off a paper plate, they’d say, “This is good.” If they ate it off a fancy silver plate, they would say, “This is the greatest cake I’ve eaten in my entire life.”

Your knowledge about what makes food good or bad also affects how much you eat. You tend to eat more when you think the food is good, and less when you think it is bad.So Grandma’s cookies always taste better than other cookies.“Good food” even has a “health halo(光环) effect”．If we’re eating something healthy, we feel that everything in that meal is healthy.Due to this, people often believe that a cheese cake with a salad has fewer calories(卡路里) than the cheese cake alone.That’s perhaps also why eating organic(有机的) food might turn you into an annoying guy. Your brain may use anything that makes you feel good about your own morality to excuse your immoral behaviour.

Food and hunger affect your judgment too.Hungry judges give more serious sentences. Kids who don’t eat breakfast behave worse than kids who eat their breakfast.People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.

【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了哪些因素会导致人们吃得更多。

1．What is mentioned as a cause of overeating?

A．Suffering from great loneliness.

B．Being served by a helpful waitress.

C．Being treated to high quality food.

D．Eating with many friends.

D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.” 可知，和许多朋友一起吃饭是吃得多的一个原因，故D项正确。

2．According to the passage, an annoying person may be one who________．

A．finds any excuse for eating more

B．is crazy about the quality of plates

C．competes with others in making cookies

D．teaches people to stick to morality

A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容和第三段中的“That’s perhaps also...your immoral behaviour.” 可知，一个让人讨厌的人可能总会找到多吃的借口，故A项正确。

3．According to the passage, people are more likely to make a bad judgment when ________．

A．they don’t feel hungry

B．they aren’t overweight

C．they have low blood sugar

D．they know little about food

C　解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.” 可知，低血糖的人比常人更难以集中注意力和控制自己的情绪，判断力会更差，故C项正确。

4．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．When Can’t We Go on a Diet?

B．What Affects Eating?

C．How to Make Good Food

D．Where to Find Safe Food

B　解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段的第二句“Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things.”， 结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍影响吃饭的因素，故B项最能概括文章大意。

七选五

(2017·云南三校高考适应性考试)Unless you think you’re the smartest, who doesn’t want to be smarter? Of course I want to be smarter too.So I try to find out who’s the real smart guy that maybe I can learn from.1.________

They probably do social media.Not always, but probably.2.________ They also use this to ensure they can feed their brains with things they otherwise wouldn’t have come across.

3．________ They never bother their head about the problem of “work­life balance” and somehow manage to seem 100% engaged in what they’re doing, on all fronts simultaneously(同时), even though you know they’re taking appropriate steps behind the scenes to make sure their lives are well balanced.

They know they are the smartest in the room, but they don’t spend much time talking about that.4.________ That is, they challenge themselves to make everyone else in the room the smartest person too.

They never, ever, under any circumstances, make you look stupid, even though it would be easy to do so.They’ve learnt through bitter experience that the only thing that happens when you make someone look bad is that you look bad yourself.

If they are managers, they will make every effort to get people more connected and more popular than them in their teams.5.________ They’re not threatened because they know that smartness is synergistic (相互促进的)．

A．It’s not only a chance to listen.

B．They know it is an advantage to them.

C．They take it as a personal challenge instead.

D．They will be smiling even when things go wrong.

E．Now I’ve got an answer about whether someone’s smart.

F．They also ensure their smart people look smarter than them.

G．They deal with home, work and personal interests perfectly.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文， 主要介绍了聪明人的特征。

1.E　解析：本空承接上文， 并引出下文内容， 空前提到 “So I try to find out who’s the real smart guy that maybe I can learn from.”， 下文罗列了一些聪明人的特征， 故本空填E项 “现在我对一个人是否聪明已经有答案了”。

2．A　解析：根据语境可知， 下句中的 “this” 指代的是 “a chance to listen”， 而且A项中的 “not only” 与下句中的 “also” 呼应， 故A项符合语境。本空易错选B项， 但如果对他们来说是有利的， 空前就不会说 “Not always, but probably.”了。

3．G　解析：本空总结本段的内容， 是本段的主旨句。根据下文中的 “work­life balance” “make sure their lives are well balanced” 可知， 本段讲的聪明人的特征就是 “他们能完美地处理家庭、工作和个人爱好(之间的关系)”， G项符合语境。

4．C　解析：下文中的 “they challenge themselves” 与C项中的 “as a personal challenge” 相呼应。

5．F　解析：根据上文中的“they are managers”及 “they will make every effort to...than them in their teams” 与F项的“ensure their smart people look smarter than them”相呼应。

Ⅲ、七选五

Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” Person

Life is a constant exercise in self­improvement.In the rush to achieve，the idea of being “better” can become lost sometimes.You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way.__1__

Explore your talents.

Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests.So it's often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you.

__2__ For example，people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club，but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what you'll enjoy.

__3__

No matter how much money you make，you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.It's important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.

If you're particularly unhappy at your job，consider why.__4__ If you feel your job isn't meaningful，or isn't in line with your values，consider finding another job.

Experience something new.

Research has shown that when we're in our comfort zone，we aren't as productive as we are when we step just beyond it.__5__ Because of that，we may react slowly to our own positive experiences.It's important to have new experiences and interactions with others，even when those are a little scary.Doing so can help you achieve more.

A．Do what you love.

B．Here are some tips for you.

C．Register in a class you're interested in.

D．Human adapt very quickly to positive events.

E．It's possible that some changes may change your feeling.

F．Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities.

G．Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life.

【解题导语】人生就是不断自我提升的过程，有时我们急于取得成功，却迷失了自我。本文就如何提升自己给出了一些建议。

1．B　上文提到你可能想知道如何用更简单的方式提升自己，下文则给出了一些建议。由此可知，设空处承上启下。B项符合语境。

2．F　本段最后一句提到，判断你喜欢跟谁在一起有助于你了解自己喜欢什么。由此可知，F项符合语境。故选F项。

3．A　本题考查标题句。根据该标题下的It's important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.可知，花时间做自己喜欢的事很重要。由此可知，A项(做你喜欢的事)符合语境。

4．E　上文提出如果特别不喜欢现在的工作，考虑一下原因，下文则提出考虑换一份工作。由此可知，E项(有时候作出一些改变也可以改变你的心情)符合语境。

5．D　本段主题是体验新事物。空格后说，正因为如此，我们可能对自己的积极的经历反应迟钝。D项(人类对积极的事件适应很快)正好解释了下文的现象。故选D项。

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