音标
一、音标分类
前元音： /ɪ / /i:/ /e/ /æ/
单元音 中元音： /ə/ / ʌ/ / ɜ:/
后元音：/ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ / /U:/ /ʊ/
元音
合口双元音：/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/
双元音
集中双元音：/ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/
爆破音：/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ / k/ /g/
舌尖摩擦音--/θ/ /ð/ 唇齿摩擦音--/f/ /v/
摩擦音： 舌端齿龈音--/s/ /z/ 舌端齿龈后部音-- /ʃ/ /ʒ/
声门音--/ h/ 舌端齿龈后部摩擦音--/r/
辅音 鼻辅音：/m/ /n/ /ŋ/
舌侧音：/ ǀ/
半元音：/ w/ / j/
破擦音： /tʃ/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dʒ/
二、巧记音标
英语音标四十八，元音二十辅二八；元音好比韵母读，辅音恰如声母吐；元音吐音不受阻，发音流畅响亮读；辅音发音应受阻，口腔部位来拦路。
三、字母组合及发音规律
前元音 4个 /i:/ /ɪ/ /e/ /æ/
/i:/字母组合:ee ea e ie
Three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please
he she me
piece receive ceiling
/ɪ/发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
/e/字母组合 ea e a
Head bread pleasure
Elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel
yes
many any
/æ/发音字母 a
Bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag
shall man
2、中元音3个 / ɜ:/ /ə/ / ʌ/
/ ɜ:/字母组合ir ur ear ur or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
/ə/字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite
around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan China
men listen
famulus Saturday
/ ʌ/发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
3、后元音5个 /ɑ:/ /ɒ/ /ɔ:/ /ʊ/ /ʊ：/
/ɑ:/字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
/ɒ/发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash
/ɔ:/字母组合 al or au our ar aw
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
draw saw flaw
/ʊ/字母组合 oo ou u o
look good foot book
should could
put full bull pull push
woman wolf
/ʊ：/字母组合 oo o u
Food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue ull
4、合口双元音5个 /aɪ/ /eɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /aʊ/ /əʊ/
/aɪ/发音字母 i y
Bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
/eɪ/发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
/ɔɪ/字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice
/aʊ/字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town
/əʊ/发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
5、集中双元音3个 /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/
/ɪə/字母组合 eer ea ear ier
beer deer ear idea near here fierce
/eə/字母组合ear air
pear bear chair air fair care there where
/ʊə/字母组合our oor ower
hour tour poor flower shower
6、容易混淆的元音
/e/ /æ/
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
/i:/ /eɪ/
Real rail greet great mean main read raid
/e/ /aɪ/
Bet bite red write said side head hide
/əʊ/ /ɔ:/
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count
corn
/aʊ/ /ɔ/
Found fond down done gown gone town ton
7、爆破辅音6个 /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ / k/ /g/
/p/发音字母p
Pen pear play pig pour pull push
/b/发音字母b
book big boot bike bread break
/t/发音字母t
Tree two ten ton town twenty city
/d/ 发音字母d
door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
/ k/发音字母k c ch x
King kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
/g/发音字母g
girl good goal goat grade long language
8、摩擦辅音8个 /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /θ/ /ð/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/
/f/发音字母f gh ph
five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
/v/发音字母v
very evening even every voice vest
/s/发音字母s c ce
six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
/z/ 发音字母 z se
zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
/θ/发音字母th
think thank three thirty tooth mouth
/ð/发音字母th
That this those these though
/ʃ/发音字母sh tion cial s
sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station
social special
sure
/ʒ/发音字母s sion
pleasure television
9、破擦音6个 /tʃ/ /dʒ/ /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/
/tʃ/发音字母ch tch
Child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch）
catch watch match （字母组合tch)
/dʒ/发音字母ge dge j
age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
/tr/ 发音字母 tr
Tree country try treat track trunk
/dr/发音字母 dr
dry dream drop drive drink
/ts/发音字母ts
Students boots boats goats nuts
/dz/ 发音字母ds
goods woods moods hoods
10、鼻辅音3个 /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
/m/发音字母m
man make moon morning move come comb
/n/ 发音字母n
pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
/ŋ/发音字母n ng
uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening
11、舌侧音1个 / ǀ/
/ ǀ/发音字母l
long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
12、摩擦音2个 / r/ / h/
/ r/发音字母r wr
Read red right run room write
/ h/发音字母h wh
hot hop home house horse how who
13、半元音2个 /w/ /j/
/w/发音字母w wh
when what where window wind wood
/j/发音字母y
Yes year yell you your yolk yellow
14、容易混淆的辅音
/v/ /w/
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
/s/ /v/ /w/
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
/s/ /w/
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
/z/ /ʃ/
close cloth breeze breathe
/n/ /ŋ/
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
15、字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a /eɪ/ /æ/ /ə/ /ɑ:/ /ɔ/
Late private grade bake grape nation station page
Active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e /i:/ /e/ /ɪ/ /ə/ 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3）i /aɪ/ /ɪ/
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o /əʊ/ /ʊ/ /ʌ/ /ə/ /ɔ/
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u /jʊ/ /ʊ/ /ʌ/ /ə/
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest
6）c /k/ /s/
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g /g/ /dʒ/ /ŋ/
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l / ǀ/ 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n /n/ /ŋ/
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r /r/ /ǀ/（美语发音）
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y /j/ /ɪ/ /aɪ/
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar /ɑ:/ /ə/ /ɔ:/
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea /i:/ /e/ /eɪ/ /ɪə/
cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear /i:/ /ɪə/
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er /ɜ:/ /ə/ /ɪə/
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16)ere /ɪə/ /eə/
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir /ɜ:/ /aɪ/
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo /U:/ /ʊ/ /ʌ/ /ɔ:/
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor
19) or /ɔ:/ /ɜ:/ /ə/
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor /ɔ:/ /ʊə/
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our /ʊə/ /ɔ:/
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou /aʊ/ /ʌ/ /ə/
House mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow /əʊ/ /aʊ/
Window meadow know show low
Now town how down cow
24) se /z/ /s/
Nose suppose gose lose pose rose
Mouse house
25) th /θ/ /ð/
Thank think thought cloth
Clothes that this then than
26) sion /ʃn/ /ʒn/
Propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion /ʃn/ /tʃn/ (不常见)
Station nation translation attention
question
4、基础知识
1、音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素. 2、音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 3、元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.4、辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个 辅音.
5、开音节:
1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 6、闭音节:
2) 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant A chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house. A mouse is in the cat’s mouth. A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea
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