大学英语综合教程3Unit 8答案

答案3Unit-8大学英语综合教程

Unit 8

Pre-Reading Task Part I

Script for the recording:

A Clone of Our Own

it's go before long way to still be the next clones? The technology has a Will humans

considered safe to try on humans. But even if it were safe, would it be right? Let's hear what

Professor Hank Greely of Stanford University has to say on this topic .

Interviewer: When will we clone a human?

Greely: That's not a simple question. I think we have to ask ourselves: is there something

about the technology that is so wrong or so evil that it shouldn't be used at all? Or should it be

judged according to its intended uses? Interviewer: What are acceptable uses?

Greely: We really need to distinguish between different types of cloning. If we use cloning to

grow a new liver, I don't think many people will have problems with that - as long as it's

growing a liver and not taking a liver from a cloned person. Human reproductive cloning is

much trickier. Interviewer: Why?

Greely: Safety. There's still a very low success rate. With Dolly, the first cloned lamb, 29

treated eggs were implanted in sheep to get one Dolly. We don't worry too much about sheep

miscarriages or about deformed lambs being born. But we would with humans. And we

wouldn't know if a human clone would be healthy. Interviewer: Dolly appears to be healthy.

Why wouldn't a human clone be so?

Greely: There may be cell changes that are initially invisible and only show themselves as

the clone ages. There's also a problem with the ends of chromosomes in cells,

which shorten until the cells can no longer reproduce. We know that Dolly's

chromosomes are shorter than those of other sheep her age, and we don't know

what that means yet.

I

- 188 - Appendix

Interviewer: Suppose human cloning was safe. In what situations do you see cloning being used?Helping parents who are having difficulty having children would be one area. Greely:

Interviewer: Are there other situations where it might be acceptable to create a human clone?for an marrow donor to be a bone situation where parents want to create a new child A Greely:

older sick child. That's a real tough one. But that issue might never arise if we succeed in growing

I accidentally died. child who has the body. Another situation is cloning a bone marrow outside

think that's disturbing. But I've never been in that position and so I don't feel comfortable saying

Interviewer: What about whether that's a good application or a bad application of the technology.

cloning a Hitler or Michael Jordan ?Interviewer: Is there I think we can dismiss those as bad or even silly applications. Greely:

anything else you'd like to say about the future of human cloning?and

right it was as a society had decided were Greely: Even if cloning humans safe and we

The of clones. we'd see a lot purposes, proper for reproductive I don't think

oldfash-ioned way of making babies has a lot going for it: It's easy, traditional, well

sex up going to give pleasant. and occasionally even People are not understood,

anytime soon.

Part II Text A

Texf Organization

1PartParagraphMain Idea

Dolly the sheep, a clone, was bornParas 1-Part On

Paras 3-Part TwDolly's birth has made cloning a reality and human

cloning a possibility

Paras 7-1Part ThrePeople have to face the ethical problems of human

cloning

Paras 12-1Part FouCloning technology could benefit people in more

than one way.

- 189 -Appendix I

2.Main Ideas

Sections Paragraphs

Paras 7-9 Section One Human cloning has given rise to the question of what implica-tions the technology may have for mankind.

Paras 10-11

Section Two

The making of the atomic bomb had a tremendous impact on

scientists .

Vocabulary

2) gave birth to

1) residence

4) primitive fuse 3)

-

6) compromise genes 5)

8) union

7) mixture

10) started out beforehand 9)

, 12) catalog comment 11) 14) all the world

13theoretical

) opposed 15) 2) woke up 1) calls for

4) runs out of took up 3)

6) broke down sums ... up 5)

8) has grown into

lashed out at

7)

1) The hillside facing the Pacific is dotted with colorful houses.

2) The present Labour government inherited a weak economy from the Conservative

govern-

3The great historian Dr. Franklin lashed out at the racial discrimination that has

plagued the American Blacks for more than two hundred years.

4This blood test will show whether or not you're immune to the disease.

5Polite society will not tolerate such offensive behavior.

4. 1) I am not opposed to the idea of cloning humans. I believe that in principle it is far

less terrifying for a person to use his or her own genetic material to create an identical

twin than to use an atomic bomb to kill people.

2) Some people are wondering whether the advances in science have been good. They say

that the discovery of atomic energy let loose a power far more destructive than any

weapons people have invented since ancient times. They think that science has a great

potential

Appendix 1 - 140 -

for doing evil unless we learn to harness it.

3) The young man was a genius and had a brilliant mind for business management. Soon

after he inherited from his father a local newspaper, he merged it with another. Today

his newspaper has grown into one of the best-known national news dailies.

CollocationII.

she took up residence elsewhere? rather Would you 1)have coffee?

'd rather 2) I'll order tea. Or perhaps you

work for a living than become dependent on her husband. would rather She 3)she did not tell you the story. Yd rather 4)III. Usage

An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday,

1)

The reason (he gave) that he didn't notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory. 2)

Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.

3)

Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that 4)

serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.

Structure

1) True, the sentence is grammatically correct, but it does not read naturally.1.

It's true there has been a considerable increase in our living costs, but the quality of 2)

our life has improved significantly because our wages have doubled over the same

period.

3)True, Peter does not hold an MBA degree, but he is none the less a competent

manager.

4) In my country, teenagers are not allowed to buy alcoholic drinks. True, but

we're not in your country, are we?

2. 1) What if the scheme does not work out?

2) What if some scientists ignore bioethics and start to clone human beings?

3) What if you can't get home before dark?

4) What if I did have a talk with your boss before he fired you ?

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1. cloning 2. am opposed to

- 141 - Appendix I

offensive 4. 3. terrifying

curiosity 6. 5. normally

potential 8. 7. in principle

immune 9. transplanting 10.

identical

11. genius 12.

(B)

producing 2. 1. on

that/which 4. 3. of

Despite 5. both 6.

with 7. took 8.

for 9. human 10.

but 11. not 12.

who 14. 13. by

of 15. opposition/condemnation 16.

from 18. 17. what

when

20. 19. with

II. Translatio

After Dolly was born, cloning could no longer be dismissed as science fiction. The ability

to create an identical twin of a lamb is but one step short of cloning humans, which many find

terrifying and offensive . However the technology holds great potential for medical application.

Scientists could cultivate a batch of cells and direct them to grow into whole organs or even

limbs that will be genetically identical to those of the patient, thus eliminating the problem

ofrejectioncausedbyimmune reaction when they are transplanted into his body. Or they

could take an organ from animals such as a pig that has been genetically altered so that it will

be tolerated by the recipient. Then the lives of thousands of patients who die every year before

a replacement heart, liver or kidney becomes available would be saved

Part III TextB

Comprehension Check

1. d 2. c

4. d3. b

I Appendix - 142 -5. b 6. cTranslation

(#JAL Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. prospect 2. enhance

4.3. necessarily condemn

6.5. vague overcome

8.7. was bound to rests on

10. 9. lent ... support to artificial

12. 11. objections inevitable

14.13. subscribed to significant

16.15. come to terms with by virtue of

18.17. had second thoughts in essence

20.19. prohibiting vital

Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks

Model paper

My Views on Human Cloning

With human cloning becoming a near-term prospect, we are brought face-to-face

with the most basic ethical questions of life. Opinions differ widely as to whether human

cloning should be prohibited.

True, human cloning clearly has much to offer. By using cells from the patient's own

body to grow organs to replace diseased parts, the problem of rejection can be avoided. This

might prove useful, for example, in fighting leukemia through bone marrow transplants. But

what about making an identical copy of a human being?

Ian Wilmut, who created Dolly the sheep, finds the idea offensive. Professor Hank

Greely at Stanford also finds the suggestion deeply disturbing. For one thing, the

technology is far from perfect. There may be lots of miscarriages and deformed clones. What

shall we do with them? Shall we keep the healthy clones and just kill off the ones with a

deformed body or defective brains? That, I am afraid, would offend the religious beliefs of a

great many people. For another, even if the

-

Appendix I

143 -

technology is perfected, who can guarantee no one will misuse it for evil purposes?

Therefore, I am strongly opposed to human cloning for reproductive purposes. The

government should enact laws to prohibit it before it is too late. Non-reproductive

cloning, on the other hand, should be encouraged. It may mean hope to many who are

waiting desperately for organs for transplantation to save their lives. If used wisely the

technology may eventually free humans from many kinds of suffering that today seem

unavoidable.

(273 words)

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