Speech by Ambassador Liu Xiaoming At TESCO Dinner
在英国TESCO（乐购）晚餐研讨会上发表演讲
中国驻英国大使刘晓明
Royal Horseguards Hotel, London
April 27, 2010
2010年4月27日
尊敬的戴维·里德主席，
女士们，先生们：
Chairman David Reid,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
首先感谢TESCO的精心安排，使我有机会与各位新老朋友见面和交流。
I would like to thank TESCO for its kind invitation this evening.
我来英国前就知道TESCO，因为TESCO在我的家乡沈阳有6家大型超市，我来英国后进的第一家超市也是TESCO。我很欣赏它的中文名字—“乐购”，从意思上来说，“乐购”非常生动形象，在中文里就是“HAPPY TO BUY”。它提供的购物环境和商品也确实非常好。
TESCO is well-known to me even before I came to the UK. It has 6 stores in my hometown Shenyang, capital city of Liaoning Province. The first supermarket I went to since my arrival in London was also a TESCO store. TESCO's Chinese name "Le Gou" means "Happy To Buy". As you would say, "it does what it says on the tin" by offering a nice shopping environment and products people want to buy.
今天晚宴讨论的主题是中国的发展和外资的作用。这是一个很大的题目。中国的发展，我认为这既是过去时，也是进行时，更是将来时。
This dinner is focused on China's development and the role of foreign investment. A big subject for one evening, but I'm sure the discussions will go on long after tonight.
中国改革开放32年，借鉴世界各国的发展经验，实现了GDP年均10%左右的增长，创造了世界经济发展史上的奇迹。有的英美学者认为，中国创造了一种全新的发展模式，冠名以“北京共识”，将之与“华盛顿共识”相提并论。虽然“北京共识”这顶“高帽”对我们有些偏大，但它说明国际上的有识之士已经看到，中国成功走出了一条适合自己国情的发展道路。
During the past 32 years of reform and opening-up, China has achieved an average annual GDP growth of close to 10% and the country was transformed. Some British scholars called it the "Beijing Consensus", which is rather flattering. But we do believe that China has pursued a way of development that fits with its actual conditions.
当前，国际金融危机尚未完全消褪，主权债务和失业问题仍困扰着许多国家，但中国率先走出了金融危机的阴影，去年实现了8.7%的经济增长，对世界经济的贡献率超过50%。今年第一季度，中国经济保持了强劲的增长势头，达到11.9%，创下国际金融危机爆发以来最快增速。当然，中国今年面临的形势还很复杂，仍然面临许多困难和挑战，我们将以履冰临渊之心，继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，并且根据宏观经济中可能出现的新情况、新问题，提高政策的灵活性与针对性，管理好通胀预期；同时，重点加快结构调整、转变发展方式。
China fared relatively well in the latest financial crisis. It achieved 8.7 percent growth last year, contributing over 50% to global economic growth. In the first quarter of this year, China's economy grew by 11.9%. Having said that, the Chinese economy is still facing a complex and uncertain situation both internationally and domestically. The challenge this year is to maintain fast growth, manage inflationary expectation and accelerate economic restructuring all at the same time.
中国过去、现在的发展，有目共睹，但未来的中国经济前景如何，特别是在可预见的十年、二十年内能否保持增长动力，这点我想不仅大家关心，也是中国政府认真思考的问题。我认为，中国经济发展的空间仍然十分广阔，潜力仍然非常巨大。
The long-term outlook for the Chinese economy is still a highly positive one, thanks in part to the following factors.
第一，工业化和城镇化将继续为中国经济发展提供强劲动力。中国的工业化仍处于中期发展阶段。中国的人均GDP只有3000美元左右，产业结构中第二产业比重仍然最大，就业人口集中在第一和第二产业，工业结构大致处于由重工业化阶段向高加工度化阶段逐步推进。因此，作为发展中国家，中国的后发优势依然存在，今后仍将处于经济加速追赶状态。
First, industrialisation and urbanisation will continue to be powerful engines for China's economic development. China's industrialisation is still at the mid-stage. Over the past 30 years, more than 400 million farmers migrated to the cities. There will be over 300 million more doing so in the next 20 years.
同时，中国正在进行人类历史上规模最大的城镇化。过去30年，4亿多农村人口迁移到了城市，未来20年，这个数字可能还有3亿多。城镇化不单纯是农民进城，它也意味着国民经济增长模式和国民生活方式的重大转变，将持续成为中国经济增长的基本动力。当然，城市飞速发展，城市生活也越来越面临一系列挑战：空间冲突、文化摩擦、资源短缺和环境污染。这正是中国为什么将上海世博会的主题定为“城市，让生活更美好”。中国希望集合世界的智慧，诠释全新的城市生活，勾勒理想城市的蓝图。
第二，消费将成为中国经济增长的新引擎。有人认为，在拉动经济的“三驾马车”中，中国过度依赖出口和投资，而消费严重不足，这种模式是畸形的，因此未来的高增长是不可持续的。我认为，这种看法的结论未免武断。
Second, consumption will become a new driver of economic growth in China. Even before the financial crisis, China had tried very hard to boost domestic demand.
实际上，金融危机爆发之前，中国就已多方努力转变经济增长方式，积极扩大内需。试想一下，13亿中国人每人每天只需多花1元人民币，一年就将增加消费4900亿元，直接拉动经济增长1.6个百分点。中国民众并非不具备这种消费实力，中国居民储蓄总额高达20万亿元人民币（约3万亿美元），而是由于我们的消费“开发”得还不够。因此，目前中国政府正在做的，就是通过加快调整国民收入分配结构，逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，加速城市化进程，健全社会保障体系，促进服务产业发展，从而释放民众的消费需求，消除民众的消费顾虑，缔造民众的可持续消费能力，提升民众的消费水平和结构。
Just imagine, if every Chinese spends just 1 Yuan more a day, this would raise economic growth by 1.6 percentage points.
去年，中国社会消费品零售总额1.8万亿美元，扣除价格因素实际增长16.9%，创下1986年以来的最高增速。预计今年国内市场规模将达到2万亿美元。我相信，未来中国消费增长的潜力是巨大的，动力是强劲和充沛的，中国经济也有望实现内需和外需协调增长、投资与消费相互促进。
Last year, retail sales in China increased nearly 17%. But consumerism is still in its infancy. The Chinese government is working hard to improve the social security system and increase people's income.
中国内需的扩大、消费的增强，无疑对在华的外国企业和世界各国都是福音。在全球化时代，中国的市场是开放的，机遇是共享的，竞争是公平的。
This is good news for companies both in China and Britain. Remember, China became the second largest importer last year after only the U.S. Continued openness of the Chinese market will offer enormous opportunities to Britain and other countries.
第三，外资将继续是中国经济发展的重要助推力。在中国经济发展过程中，外国投资无疑一直起到了关键的作用，外资进入中国，带来的不仅是资金，更是带来了全新的管理和技术。中国是吸引外资最多的发展中国家，截至2010年3月，外商对华投资累计设立企业近69万家，实际使用外资超过1万亿美元。2009年中国进出口总值中，外商投资企业进出口总值 12174亿美元，占到55.16%。
Thirdly, foreign investment will continue to play a key role in China's economic development. China has been the largest destination for FDI among developing countries for years. By last March, nearly 690,000 foreign invested companies have been set up in China, investing over 1 trillion US dollars. In 2009, foreign-invested companies accounted for 55% of China's total foreign trade.
未来相当长一段时间，中国仍将是外国投资者的“风水宝地”。从全球大规模要素转移的历史来看，日本、亚洲“四小龙”、中国陆续成为承接地。目前，尽管中国的要素成本有所抬升，人口结构不像原来那么“年轻”，但综合考虑成本和市场因素，中国仍最具优势，这个“接力棒”仍握在中国的手中。我听说，TESCO正在中国“加速跑”，将投资1亿多英镑，组建新的合资公司，在青岛等地新建三家大型购物中心。这说明他们是很有战略眼光的。
For quite a long time to come, China will remain a "land of treasure" for foreign investors. I am told that TESCO will reportedly invest 2 billion pounds in China in the next 5 years. I hope TESCO will be rewarded for its vision and commitment to China.
中国政府今后对外资的政策，我个人认为，归纳起来是三条：
With regard to Chinese policies on foreign investment, let me cite the following three basic principles.
一是态度上继续欢迎，同时合理引导投资方向。当今世界各国都把节能减排、环境保护，包括绿色经济、低碳经济放到重要地位，中国吸收外资应该为自身的经济发展服务，外资的导向政策也应该符合国家的整体发展方向。我们欢迎高技术、服务业、有利于发挥中国劳动力比较优势的外资，但对过度消耗能源和资源、制造污染的外国投资将拒之门外。
First, China will continue to welcome foreign investors, particularly in high-tech industries, low carbon economy sectors, and service sectors that can build on its abundant labour resources. It will no longer support new investment into sectors which are excessively energy consuming or polluting.
二是政策上不断完善，积极扩大市场准入。面对新形势，中国政府在本月发布了《进一步做好利用外资工作的若干意见》。《意见》明确提出，要扩大开放领域，优化利用外资结构；支持符合条件的外商投资企业在中国境内公开发行股票、发行企业债券和票据等。同样在本月，我们就2010年国家自主创新产品认定工作相关规定在网上公开征求意见，征求意见稿明确，国家自主创新产品认定对在中国境内依法设立的所有企业一视同仁，外国在华企业同样可以申请。这些均是中国进一步优化投资环境的具体行动，受到外企的广泛好评。
Secondly, the Chinese government will continue to expand market access for foreign investors. According to the latest official guideline, eligible foreign companies may apply to list their shares on Chinese stock exchanges and issue corporate bonds and notes in China. All companies - including foreign companies in China will also be treated equally in the designation of products of independent innovation.
三是行动上加大努力，切实保护知识产权。又是在这个月，中国政府28个相关部门共同制定了《2010年中国保护知识产权行动计划》，并付诸实施。我们将进一步完善保护知识产权的体制机制、法律系统，为投资者、知识产权的权利人提供更好的保护知识产权的环境，也为创新者和拉动技术进步的力量创造一个更好的运营环境。这不仅有利于外企在中国的发展，也有利于提高中国本土企业乃至提高中国国家核心竞争力。
Thirdly, there will be greater efforts to protect intellectual property rights. This month the 2010 Action Plan on IPR Protection in China was adopted by 28 government departments.
总之，中国政府正竭尽所能，为包括英国在内的各国在华企业创造良好的环境，希望你们每个企业的产品都能做到“HAPPY TO SELL”。当然，它需要中国政府的努力，也需要每个企业的努力。
The Chinese government is doing its best to create a balanced and fair environment for all companies in China. I hope all of you will be "Happy To Sell" in China.
各位朋友，再过3天，上海世博会就将开幕。世博会是一个经济、科技、人文领域的盛会，对中英经贸和投资合作亦是一个难得的机遇。世博会对中国而言，是中国扩大对外开放、良好投资环境的集中展示，对英国而言，是英国现代和活力、创意和设计的表现窗口。
In just 3 days the World Expo will open in Shanghai. This will provide a rare opportunity for China and the UK to demonstrate there respective assets in trade and investment.
英国馆的设计富有想象，中国人亲切地称它为“蒲公英”。我还了解到，英中贸协将在9月中旬举办世博会英国馆“金融周”活动，通过上海主会场以及设在香港、深圳、成都、北京的各分会场向中国金融企业介绍最新的技术和丰富的经验。
The UK Pavilion has an imaginative design and is affectionately known as "dandelion" by the Chinese. I understand that there will also be a rich programme of business and cultural events during the Expo.
我相信，中英双方通过世博会这一平台，完全可以寻求新的商机，挖掘新的增长点，进一步扩大双边经贸和投资合作。
I hope that through the Expo, China and UK will be able to seek new business opportunities, explore new areas of growth and further expand trade and investment cooperation.
4月30日中午，我将在使馆举行世博会招待会，希望在座的各位如有时间莅临出席，共同观看世博会开幕式盛况。
At noon on the 30th April, I will host a reception at the embassy to mark the opening of the Expo. Your presence will be more than welcome. If any of you would like to join, do let my colleagues know. Hope to see you there.
谢谢！
Thank you.
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