英语独立主格结构精讲精练
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分。With( without) 的复合结构可以看作是独立主格结构中的一种形式。
一、独立主格结构的特点
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
4) 当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词
二、独立主格结构的构成:
名词普通格或代词主格 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1.名词(或代词) + 现在分词
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
注意:现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。
The weather(being)fine, we decided to go on an outing.
◆ 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略,
◆ 一是在“There being + 名词”结构中,
◆ 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.
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