一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句
1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）
The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。
We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。
fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。
He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
【注意1】 在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。 如：
They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。
They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker. 我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。
【注意2】 引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）
例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。
Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题：你来不来。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。[
例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
析：he will be back意义不完整，应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.
析：he went home意义不完整，应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。
I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。
He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。
You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!
4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
5.关于分离同位语从句
有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。 如：
The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。
The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。
Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。
The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。
三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限
同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false.
因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。
例1：Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as
析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：
例2 It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.[ A. what B. that C. when D. as
析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。
例3：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A. it B. which C. this D. that
析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：
I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly. A. it B. which C. this D. that
析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:
1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:
The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位语从句)
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位语从句)
Word came that he had been abroad. (同位语从句)
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)
His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如:
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:
That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)
I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如:
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略?
用适当的连接词填空：
1.It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray.
2.I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials.
3.____the doctor really doubts is____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
4.It is hoped____nature will never be destroyed.
5.___do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?
6.-- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-- Is that ____ you had a few days off?
7. Word came____I was wanted at the office.
8.Do you know ____of them will be our new headmaster?
9.The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong.
10. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants.
单项选择
1．It was true _____ Alice did surprised her mother.
A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that
2. Does ____matter much ____he can’t come to the meeting.
A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether
3.--What are you anxious about? -- ____
A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed
4.The reason ____the little actress has been such a success is ____she is both clever and hard-working.
A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because
5. ____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person
6.I really don’t know _____I had this photo taken.
A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why
7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember ____.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
8.--What do you think of China?
--____different life is today from ____it used to be.
A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that
9.Give this to ____you think can do the work well.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
10.____troubles me is ____I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.
A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that
11.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A.that B.what C.why D.which
答案 A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever
B. 1—5 CABBB 6—10 ACACD 11.A
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A. hat B. what C. which D. why
3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when
4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. which B. that C./ D. it
5. I have no idea ____ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./
6. I've come from the government with a message _ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.[
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
1. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (2018江西)
A. what B. which C. that D. though
2. News came from the school office ______ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. (2018四川)
A. which B. what C. that D. where
3. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ______ the party is to be held? (2008陕西)
A. what B. which C. that D. where
4. A warm thought suddenly struck me ___ I might buy a tie for my father’s birthday.
A. if B. when C. that D. which
5. Do you have any idea______ is actually going on outside the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
6. Along with the letter was her promise ______ she was free she would visit me this weekend.
A. that B. if C. what if D. that if
7. There remains a doubt among the public ______ the vaccine is safe enough for children.
A. whether B. that C. what D. how
8. The mother was filled with anxiety ______ her daughter might be disabled by the accident.
A. whether B. that C. what D. which
9. Standing in the hall, Patty had an uneasy feeling ______ somebody was watching her.
A. why B. whether C. that D. which
10. The doctor tried to remove the man's fear______ his wife might die during the operation.
A. when B. that C. whether D. what
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