动词
考点一 动词的分类
动词根据词的意义和在句子里的作用,可以分为实义动词(也叫行为动词)、助动词、连系动词和情态动词四类。下面让我们详细地了解这四类动词。
1.行为动词
行为动词有具体的意义,表示某个动作或状态,在句子里可以单独作谓语。行为动词是动词中数量最多的一类。如:Sit down, please.请坐。
Let's have breakfast.我们吃早饭吧。
2.助动词
助动词本身没有词义,不能在句子里单独作谓语,必须和实义动词的原形或者分词形式联合充当谓语,构成各种时态、否定和疑问结构等。
(1)助动词do
在一般现在时中,do, does形式如下:
如:Yes, he does.
He doesn't come here.他不来这儿。
Do you speak English? 你说英语吗?
(2)助动词be
be+行为动词的现在分词,构成现在进行时o be动词作为助动词,在现在进行时中,有以下一化形式:
如:They're sweeping the floor.他们正在擦地板。
3.连系动词(简称系动词)
系动词本身有一定意义,但不能独立作谓语,后面必须跟表语,构成系表结构表明主语性质、特征等。小学里用到的系动词有be(am,is,are),look(显得)等。 be动词后面的表语可以是名词、形容词,而look后面接的一般是形容词。如:Those are Lucy's skirts.那些是露西的短裙。
The leaves on the tree turn green.树上的叶子绿了。
Your grandfather looks young.你爷爷看起来很年轻。
be动词是小学阶段最常用到的一种系动词。作为系动词,be动词在现在时中,随着人称、数的变化会有相应的变化。变化的形式和助动词be在现在进行时中的变化形式一样。
在句子中到底用be动词的哪种形式作谓语动词,.是由主语的人称和数来决定的。在选择使用be动词时,要注意几个问题:
一是要搞清句子主语究竟是第一、第二或第三人称,才能进行正确的主谓搭配,也就是要正确判断主语的人称和数。以人称代词(you, he,I,...)为主语的句子,我们进行be动词的选用比较容易。要引起注意的是名词词组,名词词组主要是第三人称,但它有单复数的区别。
如:this bedroom 这间卧室(第三人称单数)
their bags 他们的书包(第三人称复数).
I用am,you用are,1S用于它(it),他(he),她(she)o
我们、你们和他们,只要复数都用are。
二是要注意某些特别情况。
以集体名词为主语的句子,虽然名词是单数形式,但是谓语动词要用are;复数形式的名词作主语时,谓语动词要用are;用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词和代词作主语,谓语动词用are;在there be句型中,谓语动词的形式由离它最近的名词决定,如果该名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,如果是复数则用are。如:The staff are very busy.贝工们非常忙碌。
The scissors are very nice.这些剪刀真漂亮。
There is a computer on Li Lei's desk。李雷的书桌上有一台电脑。
4.情态动词(modal verb)
情态动词用来表示说话人或句子的主语所指的人对某个动作或状态的看法,如愿望、要求、能力、可能等。情态动词本身有一定的词义,但它必须和实义动词原形一起构成句子谓语。小学阶段学到的情态动词有can, could, may, must, would, should等,它们分别有不同的意义和用法,下面我们一一介绍。
(1)can: can的用法是情态动词中最丰富的。
一是用来表示能力,意为 “会,能”。如:Can you speak English?
你会说英语吗?
二是表示可能性,意为“可能,会”。
如:Can you see Lily this afternoon?今天下午你会碰到莉莉吗?
三是表示提建议或请求。
如:Can you look after my clothes, please?
请问你能照看一下我的衣服吗?
四是表示请求或允许,意为“可以”。
如:Can we go to the cinema tomorrow?明天我们可以去看电影吗?
(2)must:must的意思是“应该,必须”,要注意它的否定回答。must用于第一人称时,表示说话的人认为有必要(做某件事)。如:We must go to school now.现在我们必须上学了。
用于第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的指示、命令,或是要别人去或不去做某件事。如:You mustn't play at a l)us stop.
你们不能在公共汽车站上玩。
还可以表示很有把握的推断。如:Your father must be in the study.
你父亲一定是在书房里。.
(3)may: may表示请求允许或允许,就是“可以”的意思。
如:May I come in?我可以进来吗?
还可以表示可能,也许和请求,建议。
如:He may come today.他今天可能会来。(可能)
May I help you? 要我帮忙吗?
(4)could:在小学的内容里,could用来表示有礼貌的请求。
如:Could you get some flowers for me?你能给我带些花来吗?
(5)would (shoulcd):在小学里我们学到would和should的-种用法,就是和like连用(缩写为’d like)表示个人的愿望,语气委婉。后面可以接名词,也可以跟to+动词原形。如:I'd like to be your friend.我想做你的朋友。
I'd like to have cakes.我想吃蛋糕。
考点二 动词的基本形式
大多数的英语动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、第三人称单数现在式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
1.动词原形即动词未经过任何变化的形式。如:draw,work,study,danc等。
2.第三人称单数现在式
动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成方法和读音与名词复数构成相似,变化如下表:
用be动词的适当形式(am, is, are)填空。
1. I __________ a girl. You __________ a boy.
2. His clock __________ yellow.
3. Her name __________ Jenny.
4. It __________ an orange.
5. Hello! I __________ Gina. What __________your name?
6. Linda and I __________ fine, thanks.
7. The pens __________ very nice.
8. This __________ my key
9. He an English teacher.
10. I a Chinese girl.
11. You a good boy.
12. The two students 14 years old.
13. — What’s this in English?
— It a clock.
14. Hello! I ________ an English boy.
15. How ________ you, Jane?
16. Jim and Jack ________ my friends.
17. Linda ________ a good girl.
18. Look! This ________ my clock.
写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式go ______ enjoy _______buy _______ eat _______
get _______walk _______take _______ dance _______
write _______run _______swim _______ find _______
begin _______eat _______play _______ study _______
一般现在时专练
( ) 1. My father always _______ up at half past six.
A. get B. Gets C. getting
( ) 2. ________ the boy ________ TV every day?
A. Do … Watch B. Does … Watches C. Does … watch
( ) 3. Ben and Janet _________ Chinese and other subjects at school.
A. learn B. learns C. learning
( ) 4. A: ________ does Yong xian go to school? B: By bus.
A. How B. What C. Where
( ) 5. My mother _______ the housework every day.
A. did B. do C. does
( ) 6. The lion doesn’t _________ meat three times a day.
A. eats B. eat C. eating
( ) 7. He ________ a model every week.
A. makes B. is making C. made
( ) 8. Does the cat ________ a mouse every hour?
A. catch B. catching C. catches
( ) 9. What does he do? He usually ________ the earth to the hill.
A. carry B. carries C. carrys
( ) 10. My mother always _______ up at half past six.
A. get B. getting C. gets
( ) 11. She often _______ under a big tree and ________ books in the morning.
A. sit … reads B. sits … read C. sits …. Reads
( ) 12. ________ the boy _______ TV on weekdays?
A. Do … watches B. Does …. watch C. Do … watch
( ) 13. Their friend ______ to the park every two days.
A. go B. goes C. going
( ) 14. He never ______ a lot of water after he ______ football.
A. drinks … play B. drinks … plays C. drink…plays
( ) 15. ________ your mother ______ a car to get there every day?
A. Does … drive B. Do … Drive C. Do … drives
( ) 16. He seldom _____ anything.
A. forget B. forgot C. forgets
( ) 17. She often ______ over when she _______ the baton.
A. falls … gets B. falls … get C. fall … gets
( ) 18. Janet ______ the dog every morning.
A. feed B. feeding C. feeds
( ) 19. My father _______ well every night.
A. doesn’t feel B. don’t feel C. doesn’t feels
( ) 20. A: ______ Ben’s grandmother often _________ VCD in the evening?
B: No, she doesn’t. She often ________ TV.
A. Do, watch, watch B. Does, watches, watches C. Does, watch, watches
( ) 21. A: _____ John’s uncle usually ______ exercise at this time of day?
B: Yes, she ________.
A. Do, take, do B. Does, takes, does C. Does, take, does
( ) 22. A: Ann’s uncle often ________ tennis after school.
B: Yes. Look, he _____ tennis over there.
A. plays, is playing B. plays, plays C. play, is playing
( ) 23. A: My father usually _______ green tea.
B: My father ________ tea too. But he _______ black tea.
A. drink, likes, drink B. drink, like, drink C. drinks, likes, drinks
( ) 24. Kate ______ feel good today. She ______ take plenty of rest.
A. doesn’t, should B. doesn’t shouldn’t C. isn’t, should
( ) 25. A: Does your mother _______ swimming? B: No, she ______.
A. like, doesn’t B. likes, doesn’t C. like, does
( ) 26. A: How often does Janet feed the cat? B: ___________________.
A. She sometimes feed the dog. B. She feed it three times a day.
C. She feeds it three times a day.
( ) 27. The girl often _______ her homework at seven.
A. does B. Doing C. do
( ) 28. He _________ the piano for one hour every day.
A. practice B. practices C. practicing
( ) 29. I like animals, so I _______ go to the zoo.
A. never B. often C. seldom
( ) 30. How does your mum go to work?
A. By car. B. In a bank. C. At 8:00.
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