Unit5
9 The runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. That’s only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasn’t working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths.
10 So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly.
Translation
Psychologists have used numerous facts to bear out the argument/ statement/ claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You needn't/ don't have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.
Consider the case of/ Take Donna. Her son unfortunately died in a car accident. The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said," It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth."
翻译：
9 这一回，那跑道显得有些异样。刹那间，他感到一阵惊吓。一种惶惑不安的感觉向他袭来。横杆升在高出他个人最高记录9英寸的高度。他想，这一高度与全国记录只差1英寸了。这一刻紧张异常，他感到焦虑不安。他想摆脱紧张情绪。没有用。他更紧张了。在这种时刻怎么会这样呢，他暗暗思忖着。他有点胆怯起来。说是恐惧也许更为恰当。怎么办？他以前从来不曾有过这种感觉。这时，不知不觉地，在内心最深处，出现了他母亲的身影。为什么是在这一刻?记忆中，母亲在这种时刻会怎样做呢？很简单。母亲过去总跟他说，当你觉得紧张、焦虑甚至害怕的时候，就深深地吸气。
10 于是他深深吸了一口气。在摆脱腿部肌肉紧张的同时，他轻轻地把撑杆放在脚边。他开始舒展双臂和上身。刚才飘过一阵轻风，此刻消失了。他小心翼翼地拿起撑杆，只觉得心怦怦在跳动。他相信观众们的心也在怦怦跳动。场上鸦雀无声，令人透不过气来。当他听见远处飞鸟啼鸣时，他知道，自己飞身起跃的时刻到了。
心理学家们通过众多的事实证实这一说法：要想让自己很快从低落的情绪中解脱出来，你得让自己哭。你不必为“哭”而感到羞愧。忧虑和悲伤能随同眼泪一起流出身体。
看一看唐娜的例子吧。她的儿子在一次车祸中不幸丧生。这次打击之大使她欲哭无泪。她说：“直到两个星期后的一天，我才开始放声痛哭。然后，我便觉得好像一块大石头从我的肩上抬走了。是眼泪将我带回到了现实之中。
Unit6
11 Racing the clock every day is such an exhausting effort that when I actually have a few free moments, I tend to collapse. Mostly I sink into a chair and stare into space while I imagine how lovely life would be if only I possessed the organizational skills and the energy of my superheroines. In fact, I waste a good deal of my spare time just worrying about what other women are accomplishing in theirs. Sometimes I think that these modern fairy tales create as many problems for women as the old stories that had us biding our time for the day our prince would come.
12 Yet superwomen tales continue to charm me. Despite my friend’s warning against being taken in, despite everything I’ve learned, I find that I’m not only willing, but positively eager to buy that bridge she mentioned. Why? I suppose it has something to do with the appeal of an optimistic approach to life — and the fact that extraordinary deeds have been accomplished by determined individuals who refused to believe that “you can’t” was the final word on their dreams.
13 Men have generally been assured that achieving their heart’s desires would be a piece of cake. Women, of course, have always believed that we can’t have our cake and eat it too — the old low-dream diet. Perhaps becoming a superwoman is an impossible dream for me, but life without that kind of fantasy is as unappealing as a diet with no treats.
Translation
Barbara has dreamed of becoming a CEO for a long time. To achieve her heart's desire, she applied for a job in many a multi-national corporation, but failed to get it. However, nothing seems to be able to undo her. With a loan from a local bank she opened a restaurant not long ago. While doing business she is having two young children to care for. Also, she is working at/ studying for an MBA degree. Despite all this she manages to get her act together. Nevertheless, even to her, racing the clock is by no means a piece of cake. It's a very exhausting job.
翻译：
11 每天与时间赛跑令人精疲力竭，等我果真有了一些余暇，往往累得身体都要垮了。我大多瘫倒在椅子里，呆呆地凝视着前方，想象着要是自己拥有那些超级女英雄的组织才能与旺盛精力，生活该会是多么美妙。事实上，我白白浪费了许多闲暇时光不无忧愁地去想着别的女人在业余时间会成就什么事情。有时我想，这些现代神话故事给女人带来的问题并不少于那些害得我们终日等待王子前来相救的古老故事。
12 但女强人的故事仍然令我心醉神迷。尽管朋友提醒我不要上当，尽管我也长了不少见识，我还是发现自己不仅愿意，而且还真的渴望买下她说的那座桥。为什么呢？我想这是因为乐观的生活态度深深地吸引着我—还有，那些就是不肯相信自己的梦想“不能”实现的意志坚定的人确实成就了非凡的业绩。
13 男人一般确信，实现自己的心愿不费吹灰之力。女人嘛，当然总是相信鱼与熊掌不能兼得—人们反复灌输的不要好高骛远那一套。我或许无望成为女强人，但如果没有这种梦想，生活就变得平淡无味，就如同日常饮食中缺了美味佳肴一般。
芭芭拉梦想当一名执行总裁已有好长时间了。为了达到心中渴望的这一目的，她向多家跨国公司申请工作，但都失败。然而，似乎任何东西都不能使她气馁。不久前她利用当地一家银行的贷款，开了一家餐馆。她边做生意边照料两个年幼的孩子。同时，她还攻读工商管理硕士学位。尽管如此，她努力做到将自己的事情安排得井井有条。不过，即使对她来说，争分夺秒地工作也绝非易事。这是件十分累人的活儿。
Unit7
17 That tolerance for change also represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom. Danish scholar Otto Jespersen wrote in 1905, “The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great respecters of the liberties of each individual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself.”
18 I like that idea. Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and rights of man in the modern world. The first shoots sprang up in England, and they grew stronger in America. The English-speaking peoples have defeated all efforts to build fences around their language.
19 Indeed, the English language is not the special preserve of grammarians, language police, teachers, writer or the intellectual elite. English is, and always has been, the tongue of the common man.
Translation
Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery, linguists/language scientists now tend to believe that English and most European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In its over 15 centuries of development, English has borrowed from other languages massively, and such borrowing has greatly enriched its vocabulary. As settlers landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.
翻译：
17 这种对变化的包容态度也体现了根深蒂固的自由精神。丹麦学者奥托•叶斯柏森在1905年写道：“如果不是多少世纪以来英国人一向崇尚个人自由，如果不是人人都能自由地为自己开拓新的道路，英语就不会成为今天的英语。”
18 我喜欢这一观点。想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为现今的世界培育了伟大的自由精神及人权准则。最初的根芽在英国萌发，接着在美国生长壮大。讲英语的广大人民挫败了种种意欲建立语言保护的企图。
19 事实上，英语不是语法学家、语言卫道士、教师、作家或知识精英的特殊领地。英语是，而且一向是，人民大众的语言。
虽然英语是如何产生的还是个谜，语言学家倾向于认为它和很多欧洲语言来自同一个源头，即印欧母语。英语最初是在公元五世纪入侵英格兰的盎格鲁—撒克逊人使用的。他们将英语的基本词汇传给了我们。在十五个多世纪的发展中，英语大量借用了其他语言，这种借用大大丰富了英语的词汇。随着移民来到美洲建立了独立的美利坚合众国，英语又增添了一个新的变种：美语。虽然有人担心英语的发展失控了，但大多数以英语为母语的人对他们语言的宽容性感到自豪。
Unit8
1 Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or aversion to nylon. But now that everyone has claims to love Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, restrictions, project, regulations and laws advanced in the name of the environment? Clearly not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How to choose?
2 There is a simple way. First, distinguish between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things it would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Then apply a rule. Call it the fundamental principle of sensible environmentalism: Combating ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury.
3 For example: preserving the atmosphere, by both protecting the ozone layer and halting the greenhouse effect, is an environmental necessity. In April scientist reported that ozone damage is far worse than previously thought. Ozone reduction not only causes skin cancer and eye cataracts, it also destroys plankton, the beginning of the food chain on top of which we humans sit.
4 The reality of the greenhouse effect is more speculative, though its possible consequences are far deadlier: melting ice caps, flooded coastlines, disturbed climate, dried up plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets. The American Midwest feeds the world. Are we prepared to see Iowa acquire Albuquerque’s climate? And Siberia acquire Iowa’s?
5 Ozone reduction and the greenhouse effect are human disasters. They happen to occur in the environment. But they are urgent because they directly threaten man. A sensible environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will win universal public support, begins by unashamedly declaring that nature is here to serve man. A sensible environmentalism is entirely man-centered: it calls for man to preserve nature, but on the grounds of self-preservation.
Translation：It is relatively more difficult to call for poorly educated people to conserve resources because they tend to view resources as nothing more than handy materials, which they can never overuse to the point of excess. They are seldom aware of the fatal consequences of the ruin of nature. In contrast, most educated people bind their own well-being to that of nature and try to preserve nature on the grounds of self-preservation. Though it may be difficult to distinguish a good proposal from a bad one in our current debate on environmental issues, one contemporary commentator has argued that protecting the environment in the name of man should be our guiding principle.
翻译：
1 环境意识，就如同对民主制度的信奉，或是对尼龙的厌恶，已成为当今上流社会一种必备的态度。可是，在人人都有权利热爱地球母亲的情况下，面对以保护环境的名义而提出的许许多多相互冲突的建议、限制、规定、工程和法律，我们该如何选择呢？很显然，并不是每一件声称保护环境的事都值得去做。那我们该如何选择?
2 有一种简单的选择方法。首先，要区分是出于对环境的奢侈追求还是出于环境保护之必需。对环境的奢侈追求指的是那些如果不需花费代价而不妨拥有的事物。环境保护之必需指的是无论花多大的代价我们都必须做的事情。然后，再运用一条法则。姑且称之为理智环境保护论的基本原理：遏制直接危害人们健康与安全的生态变化，是环境保护之必需。其他一切均为奢侈追求。
3 例如：通过保护臭氧层和遏止温室效应来保护大气层是环境保护之必需。科学家们在4月份的报告中说，臭氧层破坏之严重远远超出过去的估计。臭氧的减少不仅导致皮肤癌和白内障，而且摧毁浮游生物，那是我们人类赖以生存的食物链的第一环。
4 温室效应的现实情况是怎样目前难以确定，但可能产生的后果破坏性更大：冰帽融化，海岸线被洪水淹没，气候反常，平原干涸，最终粮仓空匮。美国中西部是为全世界提供粮食的地方。我们是否愿意眼看着爱荷华州出现阿尔伯克基的气候，而西伯利亚则出现爱荷华州的气候呢？
5 臭氧减少与温室效应都是人类的灾难。两者恰好都属于环境的范围。但这两种情况都很紧迫，因为它们直接威胁着人类。理智的环境保护论，亦即惟一能赢得公众普遍支持的环境保护论首先坦然指出，大自然是为人类服务的。理智的环境保护论完全是以人为本的：它呼吁人类保护自然，但其目的是自我保护。
相对而言，要求没有受过教育的人节约资源比较困难。他们往往认为资源只是唾手可得的原料罢了，用得再多也不会过分。他们很少注意到大自然的毁灭所造成的致使后果。跟没有受过教育的人相对照的是，大多数受过教育的人把他们的幸福跟大自然联系在一起，并且为了保护自我而努力保护大自然。尽管在当前环境问题的讨论中，人们可能很难区分各种建议孰优孰劣，但是一位当代评论家以人的名义保护大自然应该成为我们的指导原则。
本文来源：https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/ed8ad28bd0d233d4b14e6924.html
文档为doc格式