中华传统文化之皮影戏

中华传统文化之皮影戏

Shadow play is popular in various cultures, among both children and adults in many countries around the world. More than 20 countries are known to have shadow show troupes. Shadow play is an old tradition and it has a long history in Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Cambodia. It has been an ancient art and a living folk tradition in China, India and Nepal. It is also known in Egypt, Turkey, Greece, Germany, France and the United States.

皮影戏

皮影戏(Shadow puppetry)，又称“影子戏”或“灯影戏”。是一种以兽皮或纸板做成的人物剪影，在灯光照射下用隔亮布进行表演故事的民间戏剧，是中国民间广为流传的傀儡戏之一。表演时，艺人们在白色幕布后面，一边操纵戏曲人物，一边用当地流行的曲调唱述故事，同时配以打击乐器和弦乐，有浓厚的乡土气息。

Chinese shadow puppetry is a form of theatre acted by colourful silhouette figures made from leather or paper, accompanied by music and singing. Manipulated by puppeteers using rods, the figures create the illusion of moving images on a translucent cloth screen illuminated from behind. Many elder shadow puppetry artists can perform dozens of traditional plays, which are orally transmitted or found in written form. They master special techniques such as improvisational singing, falsetto, simultaneous manipulation of several puppets, and the ability to play various musical instruments. Many puppeteers also carve the puppets, which can have between twelve and twenty-four moveable joints. Shadow plays are performed by large troupes with seven to nine performers and smaller troupes of only two to five, primarily for entertainment or religious rituals, weddings and funerals and other special occasions. Some puppeteers are professional, while others are amateurs performing during slack farming seasons. The relevant skills are handed down in families, in troupes, and from master to pupil. Chinese shadow puppetry also passes on information such as cultural history, social beliefs, oral traditions and local customs. It spreads knowledge, promotes cultural values and entertains the community, especially the youth.

视频：皮影戏版的《西游记》

源起：皇帝的爱情

Shadow puppet play originated in the Han Dynasty when one of the concubines of Emperor Wu of Han died from an illness.The emperor, who was devastated, summoned his court officers to bring his beloved back to life.

The officers made a shape of the concubine with donkey leather.Her joints were animated using 11 separate pieces of the leather and adorned with painted clothes. Under an oil lamp they made her shadow move, bringing her back to the front of the emperor.

词汇积累：

concubine

n.妾；姘妇；妃子

devastated

adj.极度不安的;在感情上（精神上、财务上等）压垮的

summon

v.召唤；号召；传唤(被告等)；召集(议会)

donkey

n.毛驴；傻瓜；【动】驴；〈非正式〉笨蛋

animated

adj.有生气的；活跃的；热烈的；兴致勃勃的

兴盛：宋明元朝

Shadow theaters got quite popular as early as Song Dynasty when holidays were marked by the presentation of many shadow plays. During the Ming Dynasty 40 to 50 shadow show troupes could be found in the city of Beijing alone.

In the 13 century, the shadow show became a regular recreation in the barracks of the Mongolian troops. The conquering Mongols spread this particular play to distant countries like Persia, Arabia,and Turkey.

Later, it was introduced to other Southeast Asian countries.

词汇积累：

troupe

n.剧团；马戏团；一团

v.(参加戏班子)巡回演出

recreation

n.休闲，娱乐

barrack

n.兵营；临时工房；简陋厂房[收容所等]；〈美〉临时干草栅

v.喝倒彩；起哄；发出嘘声；给（所支持的人或队）加油

Mongolian

n.蒙古人，蒙古国民，蒙古语

adj.蒙古的，蒙古人的，蒙古语的，蒙古族的

Mongol

n.蒙古人

现状：面临消亡

The ancient art gradually fell from the limelight under the impact of the modern audio-visual media while it is alive and well in Huanxian County in northwest China’s Gansu Province,where outside cultural influence is limited due to its remoteness.

In 2019, it was certificated as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO.

词汇积累：

fell out from the limelight

v.不再流行，不引人注目

remoteness

n. 偏远，远离

Intangible cultural heritage

n.非物质文化遗产

UNESCO

联合国教科文组织

视频：非物质文化遗产—皮影戏

附1：六级翻译题一篇：

皮影戏(shadow play)也叫灯影戏(light shadow play),是中国最古老的戏剧之一。演员们伴随音乐歌唱，同时控制皮影。这些戏的内容以传统历史剧和寓言故事居多。皮影戏融合了戏剧、音乐和绘画的一些特点，是文学写作、工匠雕刻和绘画以及民间歌唱的融合体。它使人愉快、内容丰富、雅俗共赏，且具有丰富的文化内涵和艺术源泉。古时候，皮影戏像现代电影和电视一样带给人们快乐。现代社会很难再见到这个神秘的剧种。皮影戏是世界文化和艺术界的瑰宝。

参考翻译：

Shadow play, also called light shadow play, is one of the oldest operas in China. Actors sing along with music, and control shadow tools at the same time.The contents of those plays are more about traditional historical drama and fable stories.Shadow play combines some characteristics of drama, music and paintings,and is an integration of literary writing, handicraftsmen's carving and painting, and folk singing. It's delightful, abundant, suiting both refined and popular tastes, and contains rich culture and art resources. In ancient times, it brought people pleasure as modem movies and TVs do. In modern society, it's very difficult to find the mysterious drama again. Shadow play is a treasure in the world culture and art circles.

1. 伴随音乐歌唱:可译为sing along with music。

2.控制皮影:可译为control shadow tools，控制皮影使用的是工具，故这里将 “皮影”译为shadow tools更为合理。

3.传统历史剧和寓言故事:可译为traditional historical drama and fable stories。

4.融合了…的特点:可译为combine some characteristics of...

5 世界文化和艺术界:可译为the world culture and art circles。其中，circle是指 “由具有相同兴趣、从事相同职业等的人形成的圈子”。

6.瑰宝:可理解为“财富，珍宝”，故译为treasure。

附2：入选非遗时间：2019年。

　　当选理由：中国皮影戏是一种以皮制或纸制的彩色影偶形象，伴随音乐和唱腔表演故事的戏剧形式。皮影艺人在幕后用木杆操控影偶，通过光线照射在半透明的幕布上创造出动态的形象。皮影艺人有许多绝技，诸如即兴演唱、假声扮演，一个人同时操纵数个影偶，以及能够演奏多种不同的乐器。相关皮影技艺经由家庭、戏班或师徒传承。

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