近义词区别

发布时间:2013-09-28   来源:文档文库   
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易混词组区别
I so----thatsuch---that such…that如此以致解,连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与so…that 意思相同,但用法不同。如:so…that这一结构中,so后边可加形容词或副词, such后边要用名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词,也可以不带)。因此, such…that的句型结构可分以下三种: 1 sucha(anadj.+单数可数名词+that…从句 eg He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 他非常聪明,大家都非常喜欢他。

He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher. 他非常诚实,因而受到了老师的表扬。 2suchadj.+复数可数名词+that…从句

e.g They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣,我想再读一遍。 3suchadj.不可数名词that从句
e.g He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him. 他进步得很快,老师们对他感到很满意。

注意:如果such后边的名词前由manymuchfewlittle等词所修饰的话,则不用 such而用so。例如:

e.g He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤,以致于全身上下青一块,紫一块的。 He had so little education that he was unfit for this job. 他所受教育很少,不适合做这个工作。

There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building. 街上有那么多人观看大火,以致于消防队员无法接近大楼 【典例】
1 他太累,在公交车上睡着了。 He was _____ tired_______ he fell asleep on the bus. ( 2 Zhoulibo is Shanghais favorite funny man.He is good at making people laugh.His lively show were____ hot that tickets sold out in minutes. A very B too C so ( 3 The book was written in______easy English___ even primary school students could understand it. A so, that B such, that C too, to II although though
although though均表示“虽然,即使,纵然”之意,者可以互换。但前者较为普遍,后者较为正式Though/although引导的让步状语从句可以置于句首,也可以置于句末,两者均不能与连词but连用,但可以与副yet,still连用。
Eg ---You bought the car about ten years ago? ----Yes.______its old,it still runs well. A Because B Since C Although
D But III a few, few, a little, little
肯定意义 否定意义 所跟名词 A few一些,几个 Few几乎没有
可数名词复数 A little 一点 Little几乎没有
不可数名词

注意:(1 a little还可用作程度副词,修饰形容词,副词或其比较级,而a few不可以。
2few/little是具有否定意义的词,表示“几乎没有一点或一些”,不能再与not连用。 Eg1 Several years ago,______people know Yao Ming.But now he is well-know all over the world, not only in China. A few B little C many
D most 2 ----There used to be lots of fish in the lake. ----Yes,but there are very _______ now. A few B fewer C little
D less IV too----to
1 too-----to意为“太----而不能”,too后接形容词或副词,to后跟动词原形,此结构表示否定意义。
Eg eg: He is too weak to carry the heavy box. 他太虚弱了,搬不动这个重箱子
2 too----to结构中不定式的逻辑主语是动作的执行者。若需要逻辑主语,则由for 引出。
eg
The box is too heavy for me to carry. (3 too-----to结构表示否定意义,可以与“so---that--”及not-----enough to”互相转换。
※※※1not+形容词+enough to---(其中形容词应该tooto—结构中形容词的反义词
2sothat(此时that引导的句子中的谓语动词要用否定形式
EgThe liittle girl is too young to go to school.. === The little girl is so young that she cant go to school. ===The little girl isnt old enough to go to school. 【典例IThe weather is_________bad________ go out. ====The weather is________________________ go out. ===The weather is__________________we cant go out.天气太糟糕,我们不能出去。 【典例II1 My son is too young to join the army. My son isnt _______ _______ to join the army. ( (2 I often laugh when I see my grandma learning pop songs.But she says,One is never _____ old to learn.
A too B so C very V Either 的用法:
either作代词,意为“(两者之中)任一个,任何一个”在句中作主语(此时句中谓语动词用单数)、宾语、表语和定语(作定语时只能修饰单数名词)
Eg
Either of the books is popular with the students.
___________________________________(作主语 There are many trees on either side of the street. __________________________________(作定语 either 作副词,用于否定句,意为“也”,通常置于句末。 Eg: I dont like blue and I dont like green, either. 【搭配】either 可以构成短语:either----or,意为“或者---或者---“要么----要么---,在句中连接并列成分,在连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词必须在人称和数上与靠近的主语一致,采取“就近原则”
Eg: Either you or Jim has a chance to visit the museum. 要么你要么吉姆有机会去参观博物馆。
You can either stay at home or go to play tennis. ______________________________________. 【拓展】
either 的反义词为neither(两者)都不”
either ---or的反义词组为neither---nor既不----也不---- Eg: Neither we nor he has made the mistake. 犯错误的既不是他也不是我们。 【典例】
1 ( Heres coffee and tea. You may have ___________.
-----Thanks. A either B each C one
D it 2 ( I invited Lucy and lily to dinner, but _____ of them came. A both B neither C either D none 根据汉语意思完成句子
3 ________you______she is right.要么你对,要么是她对。 4 _______of the twins is going to have the test. 双胞胎中的任何一个都将参加测试。
5 He doesnt like apples, and I dont like them,_______. 他不喜欢苹果,我也不喜欢。
※※(1not onlybut (also„不仅„„而且„„,当not only„„but( also „„连接两个句子时, not only引导的分句要主谓倒装,but(also引导的分句不倒装。 Eg Not only you but also he is wrong. ______________________________________. (2not onlybut alsoas well asbothand,而且notbut„是“不是—而是---”的意思。
Eg Not only you but also we like action movies. ==Both you and we like action movies. ==We, as well as you,like action movies not onlybut also强调but also 之后连接的部分;而as well as强调其前面部分;both---and连接两个并列的结构。
Eg He isnt a worker but a teacher. 【真题演练】
( (1_____Tom _____Mary speaks good Chinese, so they can communicate with these Chinese student very well. A Neither; nor B Not only;but also C Both; and ( (2 This is my twin sister, Lucy . Not only she but also I ______ good at drawing. A is B am C are VI 感叹句
What引导的感叹句
Awhat a/an+adj+名词+(主语+谓语) Eg:What a beautiful (it is!多么漂亮的一幅画!
________ important meeting it is!多重要的一项会议! BWhat+形容词+复数可数名词、不可数名词(+主语+谓语)
how+adj/adv+(主语+谓语)
Eg: What interesting stories(they are!多有趣的故事! ___________________________多糟糕的天气! How 引导的感叹句
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
Eg: How tall the tree is! 这颗树真高啊!
______________the horse is running!这匹马跑得真快呀!
VIII get to 意为“到达”,后加地点名词
Eg We were glad to get to the top of the mountain. 【拓展】1arrive表“到达”时,是不及物动词,后接较大的地点名词时,用介词in,接较小地方时,用at. (2reach表“到达”讲时,是及物动词,后直接跟地点名词。
3)当后接here,there,home等地点副词时,get to to,arrive ar/in中的at/in要省略。
Eg My friend got to Beijing by air at 9pm. 我的朋友在晚上九点乘飞机到达北京。 === === 【真题演练】
( (1Excuse me,could you please tell me how___ to Beijing Zoo? ---Well, you may take Bus No.27. A get B gets C to get ( (2 Yesterday a reporter asked 10 students at Hilltop School ______ last weeekend. A what did they do B What were they doing C what they did ( (3 This morning my mother asked me_____. A why he is not here B where Julia went last week. C what timeis it ( 4 Connie arrived _____ the village ____ a snowy night. A at;on B at; in C in; at
VII another, other, others, the otherthe others 【辨析】(1another意思是“另一个”,通常用于三者或三者以上不确定的数量中的任何一个。如果一共只有两个的时候不可用another. (2 other意思是“别的;其他的”,有形容词和代词两种词性,作代词时有复数形式others.others指其他的人或事,但不是特指;也可用“other =复数名词“表示。 3others表示除去一部分以后的另一些,但不是剩下的全部。其后不能加名词。 4the other(s意思是“别的,其他的”,其含义侧重于“所剩下的”,因此在使用the otherthe others一定要有前提范围。The others 相当于“the other+数名词指特定的一群人或物。The other意为“另一个”常用于两个人或物中的另一个。Onethe other(两者中)一个„另一个„”
Eg I dont like this one.Please give me another. __________________________________ I have three pears. One is for you, one is for her,another is for me. __________________________________________. What other thngs can you see on the wall? _____________________________________ Some people believe it.Others dont. _________________________________________ Two children went, but the others stayed.
I have two pencils. One is red, and the other is black. 【真题演练】
( (1New Zealand has two islands. One is North Island and _____ is South Island.
A another B the other Cother D the others
VIII Aloud, loud, loudly aloud 强调发出的声音能被听见,意思为“出声地”或“大声地”,常用 read call 等动词连用。例如: Please read the text aloud. 请朗读一下课文。 loud 意为“响亮地”、“大声”或“高声地”,侧重发出的音量大,传得远,一般多用来修饰 speak talk laugh 等动词。 loud 还可用作形容词。例如: Speak louder, please, or no one will hear you. 请大声些,否则没人能听见。 loudly 意为“响亮地”,其基本意义与 loud 相同,还常与 ring knock 等动词连用。 loudly 放在动词前后均可,含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。例如:
Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly. 突然,墙上的铃大声地响起来。
IX maybe,perhapsprobably
1maybe意为“或许、大概”,是副词,为美国英语,主要用于非正式场合,口语中常用。语气比perhaps较轻。如:

Maybe they will let me go.或许他们会让我走。 Maybe he will succeed. 他也许会成功。

注意:may be是情态动词may+be,常用作谓语动词,有“可能是”的意思,要注意与maybe的区别。如: You may be right. 你可能是对的。 Maybe you are right. 或许你是对的。

2perhaps意为“也许、可能”,是副词,含有“也许是如此,也许不是如此”的意味,一般指小于一半的可能性,较多地含有“不大可能”之意。如:

But perhaps they don't know that yet. 但是他们可能还不知道。

He will perhaps succeed.他也许会成功。(不成功的可能性较大

3. probably “很可能、大概”,可能性在这一组词中最大,表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。如:

He is the only witness of the accident; he can probably give us some detailed information about it. 他是这次事故唯一的目击者,他大概可以告诉我们一些详细情况。

X a bit, a little a bita little都作"一点儿",但用法不同。
1a bita little肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词和较级时可以互换,表示"一点儿"的意思。例如: The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓门提高了一点儿,以便使别人听得更清楚。 2a bita little否定句中的意思恰恰相反,not a bit相当"not at all"(一点儿都不;not a little相当于"very(much""extremely"(很、非常。例如: She is not a bit tired.(=She is not tired at all.她一点都不累。 3a little可以直接作定语修饰名词,a bit则要在后面加of构成短语才能作定语,两者都只能修饰不可数名词。例:There is a little/a bit of food left for lunch. 午饭只能吃剩下的一点食品了。
XI
ill, sick ill sick都有"生病的;有病的"之意,但用法并不完全相同。

1 ill 表示"生病的;有病的"这一意思时,一般用作表语,不能作定语;而sick 既可以作表语又可以作定语,如""可以说a sick man the sick, 但不能说an ill man the ill。又如:She is ill / sick in bed. 她卧病在床。She is
looking after her sick father .她在照顾她生病的父亲。 2sick "恶心的;厌倦的"之意。如:The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心。

ill 作定语修饰名词时是"坏的;邪恶的"之意。如: He is an ill man. 他是一个邪恶的人。
XII
at last, finally, in the end 三者都可作最后;终于解,但用法有所不同。
1 at last只能指时间位置,而不能指时间顺序,在语义上指经过,周折,等待,耽搁后的最后,终于得到所期待的结果。
e.g 1 At last , he passed the exam . 最后他终于通过了考试。(可用in the end代替)
2 His chance came at last. 他的机会终于来了。(强调他为获得此机会进行的各种努力。
3 The war had been long and hard, but now there was peace at last.
经过漫长而艰苦的战争,现在和平终于到来了。 2finally 指一系列事物或论点的顺序,在列举事物时可以用来引出最后一项内容 finally 在意义上与用法上与at last 有共同之处,但也有不同。finally 既可指时间位置(相当于at lastin the end也可指时间的先后顺序。finally 有两个用法:一是在列举事物或论点时,可用来引出最后一项内容;二是用在句中动词前面,表示等了好久……”
eg. Finally I’d like to thank you all for your coming . 最后我要感谢诸位的光临。(不能用at last
2 They waited and waited , and the concert finally started. 他们等啊等啊,最后音乐会终于开始了。
3 Three policemen rode past on their motorbikes , then came the TV broadcasting car and finally the Marathon runners. 三个警察骑着摩托过去了,接着来了电视广播车,最后过来的是马拉松赛跑选手。
3 in the end 表示结局,有时可与at last 换用,不同的是in the end 也可以用于指将来时,其余两个则不行。
1All will come right in the end . 到头来一切都会好的。 2He tried many times to pass the examination , and in the end he succeeded. 他多次努力想通过考试,最后成功了。
XIII Though although的区别
Though 连词conj. 虽然,尽管 副词adv. 不过,然而
Although 连词 conj.虽然,尽管
1.两词同义并可换用,但although语气较重,通常放在句首并用于正式场合。如:
I'd quite like to go out, although/ though it is a bit late. 我很想外出,虽然为时稍晚。
Though/ Although my car is very old, I dont want to buy a new one. 虽然我的汽车很旧,但我不想买一辆新的。

练习: it was rainingwe went there. 虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那儿。

it was barely four oclock, the lights were already on. 尽管才四点钟,灯已经亮了。

we are poor, we are still happy. 我们虽然穷,仍然很快活。
2. 当让步状语从句指某种假设情况,通常用though,而不用although。如:

Let's start as arranged though it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨,咱们也按预定的计划出发吧。(假设)

Though everybody deserts you, I will not. 即使所有人都抛弃你,我也不会的。(假设)

练习: all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion. 就算全世界都反对我,我还是坚持我的立场
3.although 只用作连词,而though 除作连词外,还可用作副词,常置句末。如:
It's hard work, I enjoy it though. 这是苦差事,可我干得颇有乐趣。

练习:He said he would come, he didnt, . 他说要来却没来。

She didn't tell me what she had done, but I know it . 她没有告诉我她所做的事情,但我还是知
4.though 可用于even though, as though 等结构,although则不能。
as though(好像,仿佛even though(即使,纵然如:

Even though I fail, I'll keep on trying. 我纵然失败,仍会继续尝试下去。

You look as though you know each other. 看起来你们好像彼此认识。

练习:Ill go and help them I stop my work. 即使我停下自己的活不干,我也要去帮助他们。 She closed her eyes she were tired. 她闭上眼,仿佛很疲劳似的。
5. although though 用作连词时不能和but连用,但可yet, still 等连用。如:
Although he lives alone, yet he is happy. = He lives alone, but he is happy. 他虽然单独生活,但很愉快。

My car is very old, but I don't want to buy a new one. 虽然我的汽车很旧,但我不想买一辆新的。

6. though引导的从句,可用倒装语序,即把从句中的表语或状语放到though之前;although却不能这样用。 如: Young though she is, yet she is fit for the job. =Young as she is, yet she is fit for the job.)尽管她很年轻,可她还是胜任这项工作的
练习:Poor I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷,但这东西还是买得起的。

Child he was, he did quite well. 他虽是孩子,但干得很好。

被动语态专练
( 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( 2 English ____ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( 3 This English song___ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung ( 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( 5 New computers ___ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used ( 6 Our room must ___ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( 7 -I'd like to buy that coat. -I'm sorry. ___. A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold ( 8A new house ___ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building ( 9 The key ___ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left ( 10Doctors ___ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need ( 11 His new book___ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published 综合试题 I 单项选择
( They will lose the game_____they try their best. unless B once C since ( 2 Reading in bed isnt ____ our eyes. A good at B weak in C good for ( 3 Do you know____ she went to the movie last night? -----On foot. A when B why C how ( 4 As young adults, it is our _____ to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teacher. A work B job C duty ( 5 Little Tom decided to ______ the bad habit of sleeping in class. A make up B call up
C give up ( 6 Sometimes most of us probably are angry____ our friends, parents or teachers. A to B with
C at ( 7 ______ our surprise, the twin sister went ti Peking University at the same time last year. A With B In
C To ( 8 When you dont know a word, you can______ in the dictionary. A look it up B set it up C give it up ( 9 Tom used to ______school, but he is used to _____ to school now. A walk, taking a bus B walked, take a bus C walk, take a bus ( 10 My father spend much money on books, ___ hes not rich. A but B because C even though ( 11 ---I have a great _____ in learning math and Im so worried. Could you help me? ---Sure. Id be glad to. A trouble B interest C joy ( 12 The tour guide has made the route for the school trip. We dont need to ____ that A be worried about B be afraid of C be sorry for ( 13 ---What is the _____ of success? ---First of all, you have to know for sure what you really want. A secret B difference C agreement ( 14 I improved English ____ the help of my teacher. A with B under C at D in ( 15 Our school ____ a lot in the last few years. A had changed B has changed C changed II完型填空 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从各小题所给的四个选项(A, B, CD 中,选出最佳选项
Tom was sitting in his English class. It was a hot afternoon
and he was feeling sleepy. It was a grammar lesson and Tom was also bored. He 1 grammar. He wanted to leave school and work. Tom looked out of the 2 . He looked at the trees and flowers. Then he started day--- dreaming. After ten minutes the teacher stopped 3 . He asked the students to do a grammar exercise in their books. The students took out 4 exercise books and pencils and they started writing. The

teacher looked at Tom. He saw that he wasn’t writing so he said, 5 aren’t you writing, Tom?‖ ―What, sir?‖ Tom said. 6, Tom!‖ the teacher said, ―Why aren’t you writing?‖ Tom thought for a moment and replied, ―I got no pencil.‖ The teacher looked 7 Tom and said, ―You got no pencil? You mean you don’t have a pencil?‖ Tom didn’t understand the English teacher8he said, ―Sorry, sir.‖
The teacher said in a(n 9voice, ―I don’t have a pencil. He doesn’t have a pencil. She doesn’t have a pencil. We don’t have pencils. They don’t have pencils. Now, Tom. Do you understand?‖
Tom looked at the teacher for a moment and then he said, ―My goodness! What happened to all the 10sir? 1 A. hated B. loved C. studied D. enjoyed 2 A. book B. blackboard C. window D. desk 3. A. thinking B. talking C. shouting D. listening 4 A. their B. his C. our D. your 5A. When B. How C. What D. Why 6. A. Sit down B. Come in C. Wake up D. Get up 7. A. after B. at C. for D. through 8. A. because B. when C. while D. so 9. A. happy B. angry C. excited D. sad 10 A. books B. pens C. papers D. pencils III阅读下面短文,根据短文内容用方框内所给词语的适当形 式填空,使短文语义完整。(请你一定要注意词语的形式变化! Sorry will look both we but drink much idea run One afternoon Jack and Sarah were1_____ tea at home when Jack asked her to go out for a walk. That’s a great 2___ Jack. Shall we go to the park?‖ said Sarah, ―Should we take an umbrella?It might rain.‖ ―I don’t think it’s necessary, Sarah. The radio says there 3____ be no rain.‖ Jack said. On their the park, Sarah noticed that the clouds4______very dark. Sarah was worried that it wouldrain, 5____ they didn’t have an umbrella. When they arrived at the park, the clouds were6________ bigger. Soon it began to rain and Sarah was very sorry .she didn’t have an umbrella. Come on! Let’s7_____ home!‖ shouted Jack. When they got home, they were 8________ wet. ―Ithink 9_____ should have taken an umbrella,‖ said Sarah. ―I’m so 10______ . Next time you should’t listen to me. Just take an umbrella,‖ Jack said IV 任务型阅读
More and more young people from China begin to celebrate Fathers Day. They send fathers presents, or invite them for a nice dinner. But do you know how Fathers Day started? While Mrs.Dodd, from Amreica, was listening to talk about Mothers Day in a church in 1909, she had an idea of having Fathers Day to honor(纪念her father, William Smart. Mr Smart used to be a soldier. His wife died when she gave birth to her sixth child. Mr Smart had to raise his six children alone. They lived a hard life. After Mrs Dodd grew up,she wanted to thank her father for what he had done for them.She wrote a letter to a church and asked for the third Sunday in June to be Fathers Day. The church agreed with her. The first Fathers Day was celebrated on June19th, 1910 in Washington, children made special desert and did other things to make their fathers happy. In 1924, President(总统Calcin Coolidge supported the idea of a national Fathers Day.People all over the country began to celebrate Fathers Day. Finally, in1966, President Lyndon Johnson made the third Sunday in June Fathers Day. 根据短文内容, 回答下列问题
1 What do the young people usually do to celebrate FathersDay?
2 Was Mrs.Dodds life hard when she was young?
3 Why did Mrs.Dodd want to have Fathers Day?
4 Did Mrs.Dodd write a letter to a church or to the president?
5 When was Fathers Day celebrated for the first time in America?

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