1 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-43552-1-1.html#368835
2
做介词（后面只加N.）：
修饰主语，做主语补足语（放在一句分句的最后、）：
33. The Madagascar periwinkle, a derivative of which has proved useful in decreasing mortality among young leukemia patients, is cultivated in China as part of a program to integrate traditional herbal medicine into a contemporary system of health care.
94. Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence as an adolescent, Frances Willard was 35 years old before she chose to become a temperance activist.
876. Too old to bear arms himself, Frederick Douglass served as a recruiting agent, traveling through the North and exhorting Black men to join the Union army.
119. Artificial intelligence emerged during the late 1950’s as an academic discipline based on the assumption that computers could be programmed to think like people.
226. Cooperative apartment houses have the peculiar distinction of being dwellings that must also operate as businesses.
178. Bill Walton continued playing, in spite of recurrent injuries, always hoping to return to his position as a regular starter in the game he loved.
328. Green anole lizards, familiar to schoolchildren as chameleons, have recently become familiar to biologists as excellent animals for laboratory studies of the interaction of stimuli and hormones.
362. In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Corps of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, absorbing the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.
233. Darwin was not the first to advance a theory of evolution; his tremendous originality lay in his proposal of natural selection as the means by which evolution worked.
178. Bill Walton continued playing, in spite of recurrent injuries, always hoping to return to his position as a regular starter in the game he loved.
391. In large doses, analgesics that work in the brain as antagonists to certain chemicals have caused psychological disturbances in patients, an effect that may limit the potential of such analgesics for relieving severe pain.
411. In the late seventh century, in a dispute over whether the Prophet Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali, should carry on as the fourth caliph, Muhammad’s successor, Islam split into two branches, the Sunnis and the Shiites.
452. Plagued by injuries, tennis celebrity Tracy Austin, who won the Italian and U.S. Opens at age 16 in 1979, sat out the years from 1984 to 1988, occasionally working as a television commentator.
510. More and more in recent years, cities are stressing the arts as a means to greater economic development and investing millions of dollars in cultural activities, despite strained municipal budgets and fading federal support.
546. Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight.
590. Published in Harlem, the Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen.
619. Scientific interest in providing suitable habitats for bottom-dwelling animals such as river clams arises not from their importance as a source of human food but from their role as an integral link in the Aquatic food chain.
677. Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at the Sun’s poles or equator.
680. Tenor George Shirley has sung more than 20 leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera since his debut there as Fernando in Cosifan tulle on October 24, 1961.
823. The Rorschzch test is gaining new respect as a diagnostic tool because it takes only one hour to expose behavior and thought processes whose emergence is unlikely in other procedures or weeks of ordinary interviews.
876. Too old to bear arms himself, Frederick Douglass served as a recruiting agent, traveling through the North and exhorting Black men to join the Union army.
699. The black hole has entered the popular imagination as an object so massive that neither light nor matter can escape its gravitational pull.
730. The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian—vegetables,
fresh cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, with meat as a rarity.
修饰主语，做插入语
133. During the 1950s, as part of their therapy, young polio victims learning to live with their disabilities were helped to practice falling, so that they could learn to fall without being hurt.
323. Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as to a person standing on land.
352. In 1933 the rubber, clothing, and shipbuilding industries put into effect a six-hour workday, not as a temporary expedient but as a seemingly permanent accommodation to what many observers thought was an economy made overproductive by advances in technology.
556. One of Arthur Jessop’s first acts as president of the FHA was to deny a request from the private sector that federal home loan programs be expanded to cover houses not conforming to civil construction codes.
559. One of Ronald Reagan’s first acts as President was to rescind President Carter’s directive prohibiting the sale to other countries of any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States
334. However much United States voters may agree that there is waste in government and that the government as a whole spends beyond its means, it is difficult to find broad support for a movement toward a minimal state.
词组，做宾语补足语（accept、acclaim、await、categorize、cite、define、depict、describe、establish、know、make、note、organize、perceive、prize、rank、regard、see、teach、think of、tout、use、view：
542. Oberlin College in Ohio was a renegade institution in deciding at its founding in 1833 to accept both men and women as students.
109. An artistic presence of the first order, one frequently ranked with Picasso, Stravinsky, and James Joyce, Martha Graham was acclaimed as a great dancer long before her innovative masterworks made her the most honored of American choreographers.
902. Unlike the Shiites, who constitute the other major branch of Islam, the Sunnites do
not await the Mahdi as a messenger from God, nor do they endow him with divine qualities or immunity from failure in judgment.
507. Modern critics are amused by early scholars’ categorizing Tacitus’s Germania as an ethnographic treatise.
583. Poor management, outdated technology, competition from overseas, the replacement of steel by such materials as aluminum and fiber-reinforced plastics have all been cited as causes for the decline of the United States steel industry.
728. The department defines a private passenger vehicle as one that is registered to an individual and that has a gross weight of less than 8,000 pounds.
80. Although films about the American West depict coyotes as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills, in reality these gregarious creatures live in stable groups that occupy the same territory for long periods.
512. More than five thousand years ago, Chinese scholars accurately described the flow of blood as a continuous circle controlled by the heart, but the discovery went unnoticed in the West.
632. Published in 1899, “Maple Leaf Rag” was an instant hit, selling several hundred thousand copies in six months: it helped establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer.
144. The Sun is the source not only of heat and light, but also of a continuous stream of atomic particles known as the solar wind.
148. The Sun is the source not only of heat and light, but also of a continuous stream of atomic particles known as the solar wind.
232. Dance fans knew Tamara Geva as a soloist in several Ballanchine works, as the dancer who introduced his choreography to the United States, and as a star in Broadway theater.
308. For protection from the summer sun, the Mojave lived in open-sided, flat-topped dwellings known as shades, each a roof of poles and arrowweed supported by posts set in a rectangle.
453. It was the loss of revenue from declines in tourism that in 1935 led the Saudi authorities to grant a concession for oil exploration to the company later to be known as Aramco.
740. The endurance and consistency of baseball star Lou Gehrig, known as “The Iron Horse,” are legendary.
625. Scientists who studied the famous gold field known as Serra Pelada concluded that the rich lode was produced not by the accepted methods of ore formation but by swarms of microbes that over millions of years concentrated the gold from jungle soils and rivers and rocks.
685. The 19th-century proponents of the school of thought known as mechanism held that life process are not the products of some mysterious life force, but are the same chemical and physical processes that operate in inorganic systems, a theory still debated by biologists today.
740. The endurance and consistency of baseball star Lou Gehrig, known as “The Iron Horse,” are legendary.
802. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them: the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as “standing
waves.”
924. When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970’s, it was feared that scientists might inadvertently create an “Andromeda strain,” a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it.
959.With child care already a solid part of the employee benefits package at many companies, more businesses are focusing on a newer family benefit known as elder care, servicing for older dependents.
193. Byron possessed powers of observation that would have made him a great anthropologist and that make his letters as a group the rival of the best novels of the time.
703. The British sociologist and activist Barbara Wootton once noted as a humorous example of income maldistribution that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning annually exactly what she then earned as director of adult education for London.
704. The brochure notes that in the seminar the importance of communication as a two-way process will be emphasized.
797. The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions and then took turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages.
693. The Audubon Society and other conservation groups, concerned over what they perceive as the serious threat to the environment posed by the policies of the government, are preparing for a major political effort.
347. Iguanas have been an important food source in Latin America since prehistoric times, and they are still prized as game animals by the campesinos, who typically cook the meat in a heavily spiced stew.
594. Ranked as one of the most important of Europe’s young playwrights, Franz Xaver Kroetz has written forty plays; his works—translated into over thirty languages—are produced more often than those of any other contemporary German dramatist.
49. According to some economists, Japan is in danger of plunging into a depression that, with double-digit unemployment, could severely strain a society that regards lifetime employment as a virtual right of citizenship.
501. Many scholars regard the pre-Hispanic civilizations of Peru as the most impressive in South America.
517. Most nations regard their airspace as extending upward as high as an aircraft can fly; no specific altitude, however, has been officially recognized as a boundary.
656. Some analysts contend that true capitalism exists only when the ownership of both
property and the means of production is regarded as an individual’s inalienable right, not as a license granted by government and revokable at whim.
967. In the late nineteenth century Annie Besant was widely regarded as one of the greatest living public orators, second only to Gladstone in a culture where oratory was the dominant public medium.
316. Frances Wright’s book on America contrasted the republicanism of the United States with what she saw as the aristocratic and corrupt institutions of England.
368. In Aristophanes’ Lysistrata women are seen as the means of bringing peace and good sense to a war-torn world.
591. Quasars are so distant that their light has taken billions of years to reach the Earth; consequently, we see them as they were during the formation of the universe.
930. While some academicians believe that business ethics should be integrated into every business course, others say that students will take ethics seriously only if it is taught as a separate, required course.
118. Art museums do not usually think of their collections as capital or consider the interest income that would be generated if a portion of the capital were invested in another form.
221. A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as hazardous substances, but many of them can be harmful to health, especially if they are used improperly.
70. After this year’s record-shattering January performance in Madison Square Garden, the ensemble was touted as the country’s best new group in decades; no critic or reviewer had anything but praise for the young musicians.
174. Elephants emit low-frequency sounds, believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, that they may use as a secret language to communicate with other members of the herd.。
339. If additional deposits of oil are found, the amount that can be used as fuel will increase and the price of oil will drop, even if the deposits are not immediately tapped.
770. The key to control over the Eurasian steppes lay in the nomad’s ability to use the horse both as a means of transport and as an effective military tool.
800. The Parthenon was a church from 1204 until 1456, when Athens was taken by General Mohammed the Conqueror, the Turkish sultan, who established a mosque in the building and used the Acropolis as a fortress.
954. Art historians are using a process known as infrared scanning in analyzing the Mona
Lisa to determine whether it has been altered since completion and whether Leonardo da Vinci first sketched the figure in black, a practice employed by many artists of the time.
13. A majority of the international journalists surveyed view nuclear power stations as unsafe at present but think that they will be or could be made sufficiently safe in the future.
959. With child care already a solid part of the employee benefits package at many 169. Because the enemy’s new ship is the quietest and therefore the most elusive submarine, it is being increasingly viewed by the military as a threat to security.
262. During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as “wilderness” by the newcomers, Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death.
575. Pensions are now viewed as a deferred payment of salary, money workers are compelled to put away to take care of themselves in later years.
615. Samuel Sewall, like other seventeenth-century colonists, viewed marriage as a property arrangement rather than an emotional bond based on romantic love.
做连词：
“正如”不倒装（前面可能有副词just、even、inasmuch）：
36.According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations.
81. Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, just as human beings do when they breathe.
171. Because young children do not organize their attention or perceptions systematically, as adults do, they may notice and remember details that their elders ignore.
253. Dr. Hegsted argues that just as polio vaccine is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio, mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number who are susceptible to the life-threatening effects of press eating habits.
257. During an ice age, the buildup of ice at the poles and the drop in water levels near the equator speed up the Earth’s rotation, just as a spinning figure skater increases speed by drawing in her arms.
279. Even as they never forgave the Crusaders who overran their homeland, the Syrians have never absolved the French for taking territory from them.
434. International sporting events need not be fiscal disasters, as the financial success of the 1992 Olympic Games demonstrates.
442. It is characteristic of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, as it is of virtually every great American museum, that the taste of local collectors has played at least as large a part in the formation of its collections as have the judgments of the art historian.
474. Legend has it that when the Mohawk Joseph Brant was presented to George III in 1776, he proudly refused to kiss the King’s hand, inasmuch as he considered himself an ally, not a subject.
514. Most Corporations pay at least twice as much to full-time employees, if the value of benefits, sick days, and paid vacation days is included in earnings, as they pay to part-time employees, whose hourly wages are often higher than those of their full-time colleagues.
547. On stage, the force of Carrick’s personality and the vividness of his acting disguised the fact that he was, as his surviving velvet suit shows, a short man.
564. Opened in 1683, the Ashmolean was the first public museum in Great Britain, just as earlier the Bodleian had been the first truly public library.
571. Archaeologists have discovered that, over five thousand years ago, Mesopotamian cooks were preparing chicken with coriander and tamarind, just as Egyptian cooks are still doing today.
641. Consumer and producer prices have been rising, as have interest rates.
896. Unlike other arachnids, which have their nerve cells evenly distributed along their body, the scorpion has a cluster of nerve cells in its head, as a mammal does.
965. In many upper-class Egyptian homes, French was spoken within the family, just as it had once been among the Russian aristocracy.
697. The bank acknowledged that its difficulties are likely to continue as it attempts to deal with the precipitous fall of the dollar against the yen and the dislocations reflected in the stock market decline.
“正如”倒装（只保留助动词）
385. In its most recent approach, the comet Crommelin passed the Earth at about the same distance and in about the same position, some 25 degrees above the horizon, as will Halley’s comet the next time it appears.
549. Once an apolitical confrontation of the world’s best athletes, the Summer Olympics have been increasingly politicized in recent years as the superpowers have denied many of the best athletes’ access to competition.
691. The aristocratic values expressed in the writings of Marguerite Yourcenar place her within the French classical tradition, as does her passionate interest in history, particularly Roman history.
随着（放于句首或句尾，可省略主语）
124. As business grows more complex, students who major in such specialized areas as finance and marketing are becoming more and more successful in the job market.
127. As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatically in strength, becoming the tenth most intense hurricane to hit the United States mainland in the twentieth century and the most intense since Camille in 1969.
128. As it becomes more common for both husband and wife to work outside the home, companies are beginning to help in finding new employment for the spouses of transferred employees.
129. As litigation grows more complex, the need for experts to explain technical issues becomes more apparent.
132. As more and more people invest their money in savings certificates or money-market funds in order to earn higher interest, they are abandoning traditional low-interest investment havens such as passbook accounts and life insurance policies.
136. As researchers continue to probe the highly expressive vocal and postural language of wolves, the close resemblance between wolves and dogs becomes ever more striking.
139. As the etched lines on computer memory chips have become thinner and the chips’ circuits more complex, the power of both the chips and the electronic devices they drive has vastly increased.
140. As the housing affordability gap widens, middle-income families are especially hard-hit, for these families can no longer afford to buy homes, yet rising rental rates force them to use far more than the standard 25 percent of their incomes for housing, leaving them with no equity or tax write-offs to offset the expenditures.
141. As the price of gasoline rises, making alcohol distilled from cereal grain an attractive substitute, the prices of bread and livestock feed are sure to increase.
142．As U.S. nuclear attack submarines prowl their familiar haunts deep within the oceans of the world these days, they increasingly are engaged in missions far different from the tasks for which they were built and for which their crews were trained over the last forty years.
213. Clark and Florence Wallace, a husband-and-wife medical team, worked steadily and efficiently through the night, but as they sipped their coffee the next morning, she noticed that he seemed disoriented.
401. In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them through the Earth’s gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends.
418. In the textbook publishing business, the second quarter is historically weak, because revenues are low and marketing expenses are high as companies prepare for the coming school year.
494. As machines replaced human labor, it was widely anticipated that the workweek would continue to become shorter.
554. One legacy of Madison Avenue’s recent campaign to appeal to people fifty years old and over is the realization that as people age, their concerns change as well.
961. Consumer confidence levels, which many economists consider an early indication of the economy’s direction, sagged as the stock market tumbled, but not dramatically enough to give umbled a clear picture of new spending patterns.
-ed.（省略结构）
126. As envisioned by researchers, commercial farming of lobsters will enable fisheries to sell the shellfish year-round, taking advantage of off-season demand, to standardize its sizes and colors, and to predict sales volume in advance.
131. As measured by the Commerce Department, corporate profits peaked in the fourth quarter of 1988 and have slipped since then, as many companies have been unable to pass on higher costs.
586. Prompted by new evidence that the health risk posed by radon gas is far more serious than was previously thought, authorities are advising property owners to test all dwellings below the third floor for radon gas and to make repairs as needed.
744. The exigencies of dramatic art, as shown even by the history plays of Shakespeare, make the foreshortening of dramatized historical events inevitable.
后面什么都可以加：
As…as:
相同比较(第一个as后面立刻跟副词或者动词原形，第二个可以跟任何形式，只要把相同的东西说出来就可以了)
加副词：
14.A migraine typically afflicts one side of the head, lasts for hours or days, and may recur as infrequently as once every other month or as often as daily.
88. Although many Whites, noting the presence of some Blacks in the middle class, think that the time for enforcing civil rights measures is past, Blacks generally are aware that average-income and unemployment figures show as wide a radical discrepancy as ever.
句子（主语相同省去）：
40.According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about as many as are enrolled in the nation’s four-year colleges and universities.
111. An inventory equal to 90 days sales is as much as even the strongest businesses carry, and then only as a way to anticipate higher prices or ensure against shortages.
130. As many as 300 of the 720 paintings attributed to Rembrandt may actually be the works of his students or other admirers.
181. Bob Wilber became Sidney Bechet’s student and protégé when he was nineteen and, for a few years in the 1940’s, came as close to being a carbon copy of the jazz virtuoso in performance as anyone has ever come.
244. Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do.
363.In a recent poll, 86 percent of the public favored a Clean Air Act at least as strong as the present act.
428. Inflation has made many Americans reevaluate their assumptions about the future; they still expect to live better than their parents did, but not so well as they once thought they could.
441. It is as difficult to prevent crimes against property as it is to prevent those against a person.
442. It is characteristic of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, as it is of virtually every great American museum, that the taste of local collectors has played at least as large a part in the formation of its collections as have the judgments of the art historian.
527. Never before had taxpayers confronted as many changes at once as they confronted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986.
649. Since conscious patients often died of shock on the operating table, the invention of anesthesia was as essential to the development of surgery as the invention of the propeller was to powered flight.
825. The sale of government surplus machinery will begin at 9 a.m. and continue as long as the supply lasts
843. The use of chemical pesticides in this country is as extensive as it was ten years ago, if not more so.
859. Thomas Eakins’ powerful style and his choices of subject—the advances in modern surgery, the discipline of sport, the strains of individuals in tension with society or even with themselves—were as disturbing to his own time as they are compelling for ours.
加名词：
52. According to the Better Business Bureau, failure to advertise the highest price in a range of prices for a service or product as prominently as the lowest violates the New York Consumer Protection Law.
82. Although he is as gifted as, if not more gifted than, many of his colleagues, he is extremely modest and will not publish his poetry.
195. California’s child-support payments are as high as, or higher than, those of any other state.
472. Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as, and in some parts even faster than, those outside the pinelands.
533. Newcomers to southern California are surprised to discover that, in spite of the temperate climate, heating bills are at least as high as those in most Midwestern or eastern cities.
756. The five hundred largest manufacturing firms in the United States produce goods worth almost as much as those of the remaining four hundred thousand firms.
846. The visiting pharmacologists concluded that the present amalgam of Chinese and Western medicine is probably as good as, or better than, any other system that might be devised for the patients treated at the Nan Kai hospital in Tian-jing.
935. Wind resistance created by opening windows while driving results in a fuel penalty a s at least as great as that incurred by using air conditioning.
加状语(时间、地点、方式)：
68 Although life expectancy for children improved after the Colonial period, during which the mortality rate was 50 percent, as late as the nineteenth century about one child in three died before reaching the age of six.
101.Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880 that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury service, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be drawn from “a fair cross section of the community.”
135As recently as 1950, tuberculosis was never curable unless patients were sequestered in sanitariums; today, the drug Isoniazid has made such treatment obsolete.
159. Using accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, “the good goddess.”
274. Egyptians are credited with having pioneered embalming methods as long ago as 2650 B.C.
969. Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, was a well-established method of mineral extraction as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria taken an active part in the process.
296. Few people realize that the chance of accidental injury or death may be at least as great in the “safety” of their own homes as in a plane or on the road.
154. Automation has undermined the traditional position of labor as much by robbing workers of the special Skills that were once their most important strength as by eliminating jobs.
588. Psychologists now contend that the way adults think and feel is determined as much by their early childhood peers as by their parents.
737. The efforts of the bipartisan committee were marked as much by frustration as by success.
662. Some historians of science have argued that science moves forward not so much because of the insights of great thinkers as because of more mundane developments, such as improved tools and technologies.
469. Kansas Republican Nancy Kassebaum, one of only two women in the U.S. Senate in 1992, said she did not wish so much for more women senators as for more moderate Republicans.
As…as possible
909. Urban officials want the census to be as accurate and complete as possible because the number of low-income people in a given area affects the distribution of about fifty billion dollars a year in federal funds.
947. Because they desire to be as thin as possible, young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits.
倍数：
874. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.
22. A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were four years ago.
42. According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing in socioeconomically deprived areas.
103. American productivity is declining in relation to Europe’s; the energy expended per unit of production in the United States is as much as twice that expended in West Germany.
356. In 1980 the United States exported twice as much of its national output of goods as it did in 1970.
393. In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.
As well as:
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-15840-1-1.html
74. All-terrain vehicles have allowed vacationers to reach many previously inaccessible areas, but they have also been blamed for causing hundreds of deaths and thousands of injuries, as well as doing serious damage to the nation’s recreational areas.
113. Analysts blamed May’s sluggish retail sales on unexciting merchandise as well as the weather, which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions, slowing sales of barbecue grills and lawn furniture.
406.In the fall of 1985, only 10 percent of the women entering college planned to major in education, while 28 percent chose business, making it the most popular major for women as well as for men.
477. Like Auden’s, James Merrill’s language is chatty, arch, and conversational—given to complex syntactic flights as well as to prosaic free-verse strolls.
751. The Federalist papers, a strong defense of the United States Constitution as well as an important body of work in political science, represent the handiwork of three different authors.
855. There is growing demand in the state for “initiative and referendum,” a procedure that allows voters to propose and pass laws, as well as to repeal them.
926. While all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominant industries and the regulatory environment of each state obviously determine the types and amounts of waste produced, as well as the cost of disposal.
Such…as，such解释为“这”
175. Besides yielding such psychological rewards as relief from stress, deep relaxation, if practiced regularly, can strengthen the immune system and produce a host of other physiological benefits.
248. Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats, and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases.
295. Federally imposed restrictions on how much they may pay small savers have made it difficult for savings banks to compete with such unregulated investment vehicles as money market certificates.
299. Florida will gain another quarter-million jobs this year alone, many of them in such high-paying fields as electronics and banking, making the state’s economy far more diversified than it was ten years ago.
400. In such works as his 1889 masterpiece, A Dash for the Timber, Frederic Remington caught the public’s fancy by portraying those moments of conflict that defined the West’s romantic heroes.
437. It appears illogical to some people that West Germany, which bans such seemingly lesser evils as lawn-mowing on Sundays, still has some 4,000 miles of highway with no speed limit.
584. Poor management, outdated technology, competition from overseas, the replacement of steel by such materials as aluminum and fiber-reinforced plastics have all been cited as causes for the decline of the United States steel industry.
587. Proponents of artificial intelligence say they will be able to make computers that can understand English and other human languages, recognize objects, and reason like an expert—computers that will be used for such purposes as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or deciding whether to authorize a loan.
796. The ordinance is intended to force householders to separate such hazardous wastes as pesticides, batteries, fertilizers, and oil-based paints from the general stream of household trash.
932. While the base salary for the top five officers of the company did not change from 1990 to 1991, cuts were made in such nonsalary compensation as allowances for overseas assignments and club memberships.
528. Never before in the history of music have musical superstars been able to command such extraordinary fees as they do today.
The same… as
43.According to Booker T. Whatley’s recent analysis, planting the same crops as are planted on large farms will lead to economic disaster for the small farmer, who should plan a succession of high-value crops that will provide a year-round cash flow.
312. Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to them in the same way as to established big businesses.
475. Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men.
504. Marketing researchers have found that, because many residents of the Southeast do not have the same ethnic heritage as Northeasterners, the two varieties of commercially prepared coleslaw most popular in New York City and Boston are virtually ignored by consumers in Richmond and Raleigh.
614. Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
668. St. John’s, Newfoundland, lies on the same latitude as Paris, France, but in spring St. John’s residents are less likely to be sitting at outdoor cafes than to be bracing themselves against arctic chills, shoveling snow, or seeking shelter from a raging northeast storm.
838. The underlying physical principles that control the midair gyrations of divers and gymnasts are the same as those controlling the body orientation of astronauts in a weightless environment.
878. Trying to learn some of the basics of programming is the same as to tinker with a car when one is a teenager: some people end up going to engineering school, and others, twenty years later, remember nothing of the experience.
加动词原形：
So…as to（逻辑主语一致）
91.Although one link in the chain was demonstrably weak, it was not so weak as to require the recall of the automobile.
214. Climatic shifts are so gradual as to be indistinguishable at first from ordinary fluctuations in the weather.
738. The Emperor Augustus, it appears, commissioned an idealized sculptured portrait, the features of which are so unrealistic as to constitute what one scholar calls an “artificial face.”
加名词：
As a result of (整个做状语)
151. At the beginning of the year, the city allocated $150 million to cover the increase in wages that it expected to approve as a result of negotiations with the municipal labor unions.
121.As a result of medical advances, many people who might once have died in childhood of such infections as diphtheria, pneumonia, or rheumatic fever now live well into old age.
122.As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980’s than did in the 1960’s and 1970’s, a twenty year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.
123.As a result of the ground-breaking work of Barbara McClintock, many scientists now believe that all of the information encoded in the 50,000 to 100,000 different genes found in a human cell is contained in a mere three percent of the cell’s DNA.
277. Europe’s travel industry is suffering as a result of a sluggish economy, a stretch of bad weather, and the chilling effects of persistent terrorist activity.
As a364. In A.D. 391, as a result of the destruction of the library at Alexandria, the largest of the ancient world, later generations lost all but the Iliad and Odyssey among Greek epics, most of the poetry of Pindar and Sappho, and dozens of plays by Aeschylus and Euripides.
550. Once common throughout the Western plains, black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in number as a result of the poisoning of prairie dogs, their prey.
561. One pervasive theory explains the introduction of breakfast cereals in the early 1900s as a result of the growing number of automobiles, which led to a decline in horse ownership and a subsequent grain glut; persuading people to eat what had previously been horse feed restored market equilibrium
721. The current administration, worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and the failure of our exports to increase as a result of deep cuts in the value of the dollar, has formed a group to study ways to sharpen our competitiveness.
884. Under the new corporate insurance policy, when an employer is charged for damages to a third party wholly or largely as a result of actions by an employee, the employer is entitled to recoup the amount of the damages.
Such as
161.On the basis of growth rates of large modern reptiles such as the Galapagos tortoise and examinations of fossils of juvenile dinosaurs, scientists estimate that the largest dinosaurs probably lived to be between 100 and 200 years old.
189. By offering lower prices and a menu of personal communications options, such as caller identification and voice mail, the new telecommunications company has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced these companies to offer competitive prices.
335. Humans have been damaging the environment for centuries by overcutting trees and farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in population and in the intensity of industrialization are causing a worldwide ecological crisis.
373. In contrast to true hibernators such as woodchucks and hedgehogs, whose body temperatures drop close to the freezing point during the winter months, bears maintain a nearly normal body temperature throughout their prolonged sleep.
416. In the most common procedure for harvesting forage crops such as alfalfa, as much as 20 percent of the leaf and small-stem material, the most nutritious parts of the plant, shatters and falls to the ground.
449. It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other at close range.
470. Lacking information about energy use, people tend to overestimate the amount of energy used by visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate that used by unobtrusive equipment, such as water heaters.
604. Repelled by bodily punishments such as maiming and branding, Quakers suggested the penitentiary as a reform of the penal system.
608. Researchers have questioned the use of costly and experimental diagnostic tests to identify food allergies, such as to milk, that supposedly disrupt normal behavior.
619. Scientific interest in providing suitable habitats for bottom-dwelling animals such as river clams arises not from their importance as a source of human food but from their role as an integral link in the Aquatic food chain.
659. Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites.
662. Some historians of science have argued that science moves forward not so much because of the insights of great thinkers as because of more mundane developments, such as improved tools and technologies.
681. Teratomas are unusual forms of cancer in that they are composed of tissues such as tooth and bone, tissues not normally found in the organ in which the tumor appears.
加句子：
As if
310. For some reason the new consultant treats his clients like idiots, talking to them as if they were mentally deficient and incapable of understanding more than the simplest ideas.
973. No matter how patiently they explain their reasons for confiscating certain items, customs inspectors are often treated by travelers as if they were wanton poachers rather than government employees.
Just as… so
464. Just as a writer trying to understand shtetl life might read Shalom Aleichem or Isaac Bashevis Singer, so a writer trying to understand black life in the American South might well listen to records by the Mississippi Delta bluesman Charlie Patton.
465. Just as plant species native to regions with browsing mammals evolved many natural anti-browser defenses (such as sharp spines and toxic chemicals), so humans in malarial regions have evolved dozens of chemical defenses against malaria.
466.Just as reading Samuel Pepys’s diary gives a student a sense of the seventeenth century—of its texture and psyche—so listening to Jane Freed’s guileless child narrator takes the operagoer inside turn-of-the-century Vienna.
467.Just as the European countries of the early eighteenth century sought to exploit the resources of our continent, so too are we now attempting to extract energy and minerals from the ocean bed.
486. Just as the Populists of the 1890s exalted the rural myth, so urban leaders of the 1990s are trying to glorify the urban myth.
As when:
83.Although it claims to delve into political issues, television can be superficial, as when the three major networks each broadcast exactly the same statement from a political candidate.
With diamonds, as with all gems, you should ask for a written description of your purchase; the description may prove useful later if you have reason to believe the jeweler misled you.
新用法~
During the Renaissance, scholars were uncertain as to the location of Troy, and by the eighteenth century many historians doubted that Troy had ever existed.
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