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在nios II中移植linux系统

发布时间：2014-12-26 21:12:32 来源：文档文库

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移植全过程

我们采用的方法，是在windows下进行sopc builder的设计，在linux进行uclinux的内核的编译，以及交叉编译环境的建立。从而产生uClinux的镜像文件（机器码流）。

需要准备的文件：A、nios2gcc.tar.bz2(交叉编译环境的linux安装文件，可以是其他格式的)。

B、uclinux-dist20060803（uclinux内核文件，可以是别的版本）

C、uclinux-dist20060803-nios2-diff.tar.bz2(目前没有明白为什么要有这个文件，没有还不行)

一：交叉编译环境的建立

1、把nios2gcc.tar.bz2放在目录：/usr/local/src里面，将nios2gcc.tar.bz2解压进/opt/nios2目录下（这个默认的，不用进行目录操作）

[root@localhost src]# tar -jxvf nios2gcc.tar.bz2 -C /

2、设定交叉编译器的路径：

[root@localhost src]# vi ~/.bash_profile

修改bash_profile的內容如下所示，加上/opt/nios2/bin路径

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/opt/nios2/bin

export PATH
unset USERNAME

3、执行下面一条命令，使设置的路径有效

[root@localhost src]# source ~/.bash_profile

注：这里你可以进行一下测试。看看你的交叉编译环境是否已经建成，也可以略过不做。方法：

[root@localhost src]# nios2-linux-uclibc-gcc –v

Reading specs from /opt/nios2/lib/gcc/nios2-linux-uclibc/3.4.6/specs
Configured with: /root/buildroot/toolchain_build_nios2/gcc-3.4.6/configure --prefix=/opt/nios2 --build=i386-pc-linux-gnu --host=i386-pc-linux-gnu --target=nios2-linux-uclibc --enable-languages=c --enable-shared --disable-__cxa_atexit --enable-target-optspace --with-gnu-ld --disable-nls --enable-threads --disable-multilib --enable-cxx-flags=-static
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.4.6

二：编译uclinux内核

1、把uclinux-dist20060803放进/usr/local/src,解压缩。

[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf uClinux-dist-20070130.tar.tar

如果你是在linux系统下（意思是指不是虚拟机），硬盘够大的话，就不应该有问题出现。解压缩之后，一般应该接近1.9G大小。

2、给uclinux打补丁

把 μClinux kernel patch for Nios II：uClinux-dist-20070130-nios2-02.7z到/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist。
安裝μClinux kernel patch for Nios II

[root@localhost src]# cd uClinux-dist

[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# gunzip -c uClinux-dist-20070130-nios2-02.diff.gz | patch -p0

出现以下的结果就表明，补丁打成功。

patching file vendors/Altera/nios2nommu/config.arch
patching file vendors/Altera/nios2nommu/config.linux-2.6.x
patching file lib/libpng/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/include/asm-nios2nommu/ide.h
patching file linux-2.6.x/include/linux/elf-em.h
patching file linux-2.6.x/usr/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/altcf.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/pci-auto.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/pci.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/spi.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/mtd/maps/altera.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/mtd/maps/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/dm9ks.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/open_eth.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/dm9000.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/Space.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/smc91x.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/smc911x.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/net/mtip1000.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/Kconfig
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/isp1362-hcd.c
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/isp1362.h
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/Makefile
patching file linux-2.6.x/drivers/ide/ide.c
patching file user/microwin/src/fonts/X6x13.c
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nxroach/Makefile
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nanox/nxterm.c
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nanox/nterm.c
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nxkbd/keynum.c
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nxkbd/keyctrl.c
patching file user/microwin/src/demos/nxkbd/keyshft.c
patching file user/microwin/src/Makefile.rules
patching file user/microwin/src/drivers/kbd_ttyscan.c
patching file user/microwin/src/drivers/scr_fb.c
patching file user/microwin/src/drivers/mou_ser.c
patching file user/ftpd/ftpcmd.c
patching file user/ftpd/Makefile

出现的顺序可能不同，出现类似的画面，就应该没有问题。

三、进行内核配置（基本都是默认配置）

需要注意的是：里面的每一步，都应该和界面的配置一致。如果有后面make时，有什么error，最好回来仔细检查一下这些默认配置（这些网上找的）。

[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# make menuconfig

在Vendor/Product Selection如下設定

在Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection如下設定

最後選存檔

Step 6：
將SOPC Builder設定檔system_0.ptf複製到/usr/local/src

Step 7：
根據DE2硬體配置設定make file

[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# make vendor_hwselect SYSPTF=/usr/local/src/system_0.ptf

最後會有選擇動作，分別選擇 1 (CPU_0)，1 (cfi_flash_0)，2 (sdram)。

--- Please select which CPU you wish to build the kernel against:

(1) cpu_0 - Class: altera_nios2 Type: f Version: 7.071

Selection: 1

--- Please select a device to upload the kernel to:

(1) cfi_flash_0
        Class: altera_avalon_cfi_flash
        Size: 4194304 bytes

Selection: 1

--- Please select a device to execute kernel from:

(1) sram_0
        Class: sram_16bit_512k
        Size: 524288 bytes

(2) sdram_0
        Class: altera_avalon_new_sdram_controller
        Size: 8388608 bytes

(3) epcs_controller
        Class: altera_avalon_epcs_flash_controller
        Size: 2048 bytes

Selection: 2

最後成功的結果如下所示

--- Summary using

PTF: /usr/local/src/system_0.ptf
CPU: cpu_0
Device to upload to: cfi_flash_0
Program memory to execute from: sdram_0

--- Settings written to /usr/local/src/uClinux-dist/linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/hardware.mk

make[3]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist/linux-2.6.x'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist/vendors/Altera/nios2nommu'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist/vendors'

Step 8：
建立romfs資料夾，過程會有錯誤訊息，可忽略。

[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# make romfs

Step 9：
編譯μClinux核心

[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# make

Step 10：
產生image

[root@localhost uClinux-dist]# make linux image

最後會在/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist/linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/boot/下找到zImage
注意：zImage文件是make时，就已经产生，那个只是一个初步的，没有bootloader的文件，如果你想使你的uClinux在硬件上运行，必须进行make linux image这条命令，从而加上bootloader。

四：将uClinux写入硬件

1、把你的.ptf文件对应的.sof文件和生成的镜像文件zImage一起放在\altera\72\nios2eds\examples下。

2、启动altera的command shell。开始->程序->altera->nios2 EDS->nios2.command shell

3、先进行硬件配置（注意必须先在quartus中把.sof文件烧进去）

[SOPC Builder]$ nios2-configure-sof DE2_NIOS.sof

执行结果：Searching for SOF file:
in .
  DE2_NIOS.sof

Info: *******************************************************************
Info: Running Quartus II Programmer
Info: Command: quartus_pgm --no_banner --mode=jtag -o p;DE2_NIOS.sof
Info: Using programming cable "USB-Blaster [USB-0]"
Info: Started Programmer operation at Mon Jun 09 03:01:45 2008
Info: Configuring device index 1
Info: Device 1 contains JTAG ID code 0x020B40DD
Info: Configuration succeeded -- 1 device(s) configured
Info: Successfully performed operation(s)
Info: Ended Programmer operation at Mon Jun 09 03:01:46 2008
Info: Quartus II Programmer was successful. 0 errors, 0 warnings
    Info: Allocated 54 megabytes of memory during processing
    Info: Processing ended: Mon Jun 09 03:01:46 2008
    Info: Elapsed time: 00:00:02

4、把zImage下到sdram里面

[SOPC Builder]$ nios2-download -g zImage

执行的结果：Using cable "USB-Blaster [USB-0]", device 1, instance 0x00
Pausing target processor: OK
Initializing CPU cache (if present)
OK
Downloaded 1197KB in 14.4s (83.1KB/s)
Verified OK
Starting processor at address 0x00D00000

5、启动uClinux

[SOPC Builder]$ nios2-terminal

执行结果：Uncompressing Linux Ok, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.19-uc1 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 3.4.6) #2 PR
EMPT Sun Jun 8 23:28:30 CST 2008

uClinux/Nios II
Altera Nios II support (C) 2004 Microtronix Datacom Ltd.
Built 1 zonelists.  Total pages: 2032
Kernel command line:
PID hash table entries: 32 (order: 5, 128 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Memory available: 5956k/8192k RAM, 0k/0k ROM (1465k kernel code, 680k data)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
NET: Registered protocol family 16
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
TCP reno registered
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered (default)
Serial: JTAG UART driver $Revision: 1.3 $
ttyJ0 at MMIO 0x806810f0 (irq = 1) is a jtag_uart
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
NET: Registered protocol family 17
Freeing unused kernel memory: 572k freed (0x97a000 - 0xa08000)
Shell invoked to run file: /etc/rc
Command: hostname uClinux
Command: mount -t proc proc /proc
Command: mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
Command: mount -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb
mount: Mounting none on /proc/bus/usb failed: No such file or directory
Command: mkdir /var/tmp
Command: mkdir /var/log
Command: mkdir /var/run
Command: mkdir /var/lock
Command: mkdir /var/empty
Command: ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
Command: route add -net 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 lo
Command: cat /etc/motd
Welcome to
          ____ _  _
         /  __| ||_|
    _   _| |  | | _ ____  _   _  _  _
   | | | | |  | || |  _ \| | | |\ \/ /
   | |_| | |__| || | | | | |_| |/    \
   |  ___\____|_||_|_| |_|\____|\_/\_/
   | |
   |_|

For further information check:
http://www.uclinux.org/

Execution Finished, Exiting

Sash command shell (version 1.1.1)
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