2018届高考英语二轮专题复习专练：阅读理解词义猜测题专练(2)

阅读理解词义猜测题专练(二)　猜测词语类

A

(2017·广东佛山市检测)

The times are changing. On Thursday October 13th, singer­songwriter Bob Dylan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, marking the first time the highly­eyed­on literary award has gone to someone who is mainly seen as a musician, and giving rise to heated discussions.

The 75­year­old won the prize “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”， the Swedish Academy said.

“For 54 years he has been at it, reinventing himself，” said Sara Danius, the academy's permanent secretary. “Bob Dylan writes poetry for the ear. But it's perfectly fine to read his works as poetry.”

And while many Dylan's fans have found great delight at the news，others online and in the literary community are cross with the Committee, saying the award has skipped over fiction writers for the second year.

New York Times Book Review editor Pamela Paul said it was good news but pointed out how many “deserving” novelists there are.

Director Martin Scorsese put out a statement saying he was “overjoyed” that Dylan was awarded the prize.

“Dylan's poetry, his musical genius, has meant so much to me personally and to generations of people around the world，” Scorsese said. “His work has influenced and shaped culture, and he has never stopped exploring and growing as an artist. The Nobel Committee has given Dylan a form of recognition that fits his role in our culture — in world culture.”

Dylan won a Pulitzer Prize in 2008 for his “great influence on popular music and American culture”. He's the first American to win the literary Nobel since Toni Morrison in 1993.

体裁：说明文　题材：文化教育　主题：诺贝尔文学奖被授予一位歌手而引发热议

【语篇导读】　作为一名歌手，鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖的消息让很多人大感意外，从而引发热议。

1．Why does Bob Dylan's winning the Nobel Prize cause heated discussions?

A．He created poetic expressions.

B．He is known as a musician.

C．He reinvents himself.

D．He is 75 years old.

解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的．.. marking the first time the highly­eyed­on literary award has gone to someone who is mainly seen as a musician...可知，正是因为鲍勃·迪伦是一位歌手，所以获得诺贝尔文学奖才引发热议。故选B项。

2．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in Paragraph 4?

A．are thankful to　 B．are satisfied with

C．are angry with D．are worried about

解析：C　词义猜测题。第四段开头的And while many Dylan's fans have found great delight at the news中while表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，所以后面的others online and in the literary community are cross with the Committee中的are cross with与found great delight意思应该相反。再根据最后的saying the award has skipped over fiction writers for the second year可判断，are cross with应表示“对……生气”，而不是D项中的“担心……”。故选C项。

3．What can we know about Dylan according to Martin Scorsese?

A．Dylan influences Martin a lot.

B．Dylan is happy with the award.

C．Dylan is a poet rather than a musician.

D．Dylan benefits a lot from world culture.

解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Dylan's poetry, his musical genius, has meant so much to me personally and to generations of people around the world可知，鲍勃·迪伦对他影响很大。故选A项。

4．What is the passage mainly about?

A．A brief introduction to Bob Dylan.

B．The reason for Bob Dylan's success.

C．Bob Dylan's influence on American culture.

D．Different views on Bob Dylan's winning the Nobel Prize.

解析：D　主旨大意题。文章开头就点明了鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖引起了热议，接着说明了不同的人对此事的不同态度。故选D项。

B

(2017·云南高三年级八校跨区调研)

If our kids don't fall, they don't learn to get up. I still remember the day in high school that my mom forgot to pick me up from school. I'm the oldest of four children, and no doubt she'd had a long day with the other kids and it'd slipped her mind. After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home, and when I got to my house, I shut our front door with anger, stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my mom's face that she'd forgotten me.

Later that night, my dad told me I no longer had a ride to school the next day. I figured my mom would still take me, but when the morning came, she refused. It was midterm, and as a straight­A student ready to start college applications, being late wasn't an option. In my mind, missing these tests would have been the end of my academic career. I begged my mom. I told her she was ruining my future and everything I'd worked for. But she held_her_ground,_and that day, I walked to school. And I missed my tests.

My mom didn't rescue me from failure. She let me suffer from it. She let me figure it out. She let me learn. Now, as a mom myself, I've realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves. It's how we self­educate to learn what's right and respectable, and what's not. It's how we become responsible and enthusiastic.

Falling down makes us better, because we learn how to get up.

【解题导语】　本文作者通过亲身体会告诉我们：失败让我们变得更好，因为我们在失败中学会成长。

【难句分析】　Now, as a mom myself, I've realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves.

分析：这是一个复合句。本句含有that引导的宾语从句；because引导原因状语从句，how引导表语从句。

译文：现在，作为一个母亲，我意识到我想让我的孩子经历失败，因为失败是我们如何成长、学习和思考的一个过程。

5．Why did the author shout at her mother?

A．Because she was tired after walking home.

B．Because she missed some important tests.

C．Because her mother had ruined her future.

D．Because her mother didn't pick her up home.

解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第一段的“After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home, and when I got to my house, I shut our front door with anger, stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my mom's face that she'd forgotten me”可知，作者在学校等了一个小时，后来自己走回了家，因此她对妈妈没有去学校接她非常生气。故选D。

6．How does the author feel about her experience now?

A．Disappointed. B．Merciful.

C．Beneficial. D．Embarrassed.

解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Now, as a mom myself, I've realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves”说明作者现在认为她之前的经历对她是有益的(Beneficial)。

7．What does the underlined phrase “held her ground” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Stuck to her decision. B．Gave in to me.

C．Said yes to me. D．Stayed in the place.

解析：A　考查词义猜测。根据第二段的“But she held_her_ground,_and that day, I walked to school”中But的转折意味以及后面作者仍然走着去上学可知，妈妈仍坚持她的观点，没有送作者去上学。

8．What is the best title for the text?

A．Offer Your Kids Help if Necessary

B．Stop Rescuing Your Kids from Failure

C．Be Responsible for Your Kids' Failure

D．Try to Meet Your Kids' Demands

解析：B　考查标题判断。根据第三段和第四段的叙述，尤其是第三段的“My mom didn't rescue me from failure”及“I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves”可知，B项最适合作文章标题。

干扰项分析：A项“如果有必要，给你的孩子提供帮助”与D项“尽力满足你孩子的要求”均与文章内容相悖。C项“对你孩子的失败负责”是年少时作者对妈妈的不满。

C

(2017·湖南十三校第一次联考)

Showrooming

One of the biggest challenges facing brick­and­mortar retailers (实体零售店) in recent years has been the “showrooming”. Driven by the desire to get the best prices, many shoppers are now visiting brick­and­mortar stores to personally check on products that interest them, only to leave and then buy the items online. The new trend is forcing retailers to find out new ways to keep consumers from leaving their store for cheaper prices online.

Recent research found that 40 percent of U．S. shoppers have showroomed previously, with big­box retailers suffering the most. Specifically, the study shows that Best Buy, Walmart and Target are the most likely brick­and­mortar stores to have shoppers test out a product in­store and then purchase it online later, while Amazon is benefiting most from the practice, with nearly 60 percent of shoppers using the online retail giant (巨人) most often to make their showrooming purchases.

Smartphones have pushed showrooming into the front. Shoppers no longer have to wait until they get home to see if they can find a cheaper price for the products they're considering buying. With smartphones, consumers can now compare virtual prices, at both other brick­and­mortar stores and online ones while still inside a retail store. If they can find what they're seeking for less expensive online, the majority will be seeking_the_first_exit. A recent study showed that 45 percent of customers shopping at brick­and­mortar stores walk out and buy their purchases online for a discount of as little as 2.5 percent.

This puts pressure on retailers to provide both an in­store experience worth staying for and an online presence that can attract shoppers who are showrooming in other businesses.

To cut down on showrooming, many retailers are adopting new methods to keep shoppers in their stores. Among the steps they're taking are price­matching guarantees that allow shoppers to pay a discounted price if they find it cheaper online. This ensures that even a showrooming shopper can make the purchase in the store — regardless of whether they find the cheaper price online.

Another popular method to fight against showrooming is to give shoppers the ability to buy something online and pick it up at the store. This reduces shopping costs and gets customers in the store, where they may be encouraged to make an additional purchase.

It is also important for businesses to take into consideration what makes shoppers purchase something in­store rather than online, and meet those needs. Research has found that more than 8 in 10 Americans consider being able to take the goods home immediately and the ability to touch and feel them—the most important aspects when deciding to purchase in a store rather than online.

体裁：说明文　题材：社会现象　主题：实体店体验与网上购物

【语篇导读】　近年来，实体店面临的最大挑战就是消费者在实体店体验产品之后。却在网上购买产品。针对此现象，许多零售商开始实施新的策略，以把顾客留在实体店。

9．According to the passage, a showrooming shopper tends to ________.

A．pay for everything online

B．purchase online for a lower price

C．rush to buy things in a store

D．have better bargaining skills

解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Driven by the desire to get the best prices, many shoppers are now visiting brick­and­mortar stores to personally check on products that interest them, only to leave and then buy the items online.可知，这个群体的消费者一般都是先从实体店里看过或试过想购买的商品，然后再在网络上搜索这些商品并购买。故选B项。

10．What contributes to the growing popularity of showrooming?

A．The advertisements by online retail giants.

B．The competition between big stores.

C．The wide use of smartphones.

D．The decline of the brick­and­mortar stores.

解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Smartphones have pushed showrooming into the front.可知，正是智能手机推动了这种现象。故选C项。11.The underlined words “seeking the first exit” in Paragraph 3 probably mean“________”．

A．searching for lower prices

B．making a purchase on the spot

C．locating the first exit quickly

D．leaving as soon as possible

解析：D　词义猜测题。根据对画线部分所在句子前后句的理解可知，消费者通过网络搜寻到这种货物在网络中的售价比实体店的售价便宜后，他们会立刻离开实体店，然后在网店下单购买。故选D项。

12．The last three paragraphs mainly talk about ways of ________.

A．increasing sales at stores

B．preventing purchase online

C．satisfying customers' needs

D．advising shoppers to buy more

解析：A　推理判断题。分析文章的后三段，从每一段的首句都可以看出，这三段都是在讲述让实体店挽回顾客增加盈利的一些方法与措施。故选A项。

长难句分析： the desire to get the best prices，) (check on products that，) (only then buy the items online.)

句意：在渴望获得最优惠价格的驱使下，许多购物者现在都到实体店参观，亲自查看他们感兴趣的产品，然后离开，在网上购买商品。

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