translation

试卷样题

I. Multiple choice. 10%

1. 唐朝玄奘对翻译理论的主张是________。

A. 依实出华 B. 既须求真，又须喻俗

C. 信、达、雅 D. 宁信而不顺

2. “一名之立，旬月踌躇”是我国近代翻译理论家_______提出的。

A. 瞿秋白 B. 林纾 C.林语堂 D. 严复

3. 我国古代佛教三大翻译家是_______。

A. 支谦、竺法护和玄奘 B. 真谛、鸠摩罗什和玄奘

C. 道安、支谦和玄奘 D. 真谛、支谦和鸠摩罗什

II. Bilingually translate the following phrases. 15%

1.put great stock in

2.encourage informality

3.相亲相爱 4.恢复秩序

III. Translate the following sentences using techniques given in the brackets. 20%

1.Love is blind. (习语直译加注释法)

2.He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. (定语从句译“让步”分句)

3.One swallow doesn’t make a summer. (习语增词对偶法)

4.She is filled with joy at this news. (dead passive)

5. His addition completed the list. (分句法)

IV. E-C Translation. 35%

V. C-E Translation. 20%

Unit Eleven Translation of English Passive Voice

一. Translated into Chinese sentence in active voice

A. The case in which the original subject remains as subject in the target language

1.The book has been translated into dozens of foreign languages.

2.The matter was never mentioned again.

3.The culture of antiquity was rediscovered.

4.The problem has been settled satisfactorily.

5.The village was populated by 800 people.

6.Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

7.The three machines can be controlled by a single operator.

8.Every moment of every day energy is being transformed from one form into another.

9.The whole country was armed in a few days.

10.The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.

11.On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.

12.Such liquid fuel rockets as are now being used for space research have to carry their own supply of oxygen.

B. The case in which the original subject is put into object in the target language.

1. The park is forbidden to enter.

2. The flower bed is not to be tread.

3. The matter was never mentioned again.

4. John cannot be deterred from his plan.

5. Screens can now be found in supermarket， corner-shops, and so on.

6. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.

7. It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt.

8. After a while an agreement was arrived at.

9.A contingency plan was hastily drawn up.

10.A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose.

11.A plan was needed to strike the enemy right where he lived.

12.I am afraid I shall be laughed at.

13.The workers were seen repairing the machine.

14.If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing.

15.In order to do research in nuclear physics, the young teachers are required to complete a two-year graduate course.

C. Translated into Chinese predicative sentence.

1. He was raised in an orphan’s home.

2. The club was founded a year ago.

3. The decision to attack was not taken lightly.

4. The real dignity and fame is not built up by boasting.

5. Coffee stains can soon be washed out .

6. The picture was painted by a famous artist.

7. The house was built of wood in 1985.

8. The volume is not measured in square millimetres. It is measured in cubic millimetres.

9. My first thirty years were spent in Western America..

10.The ship was destined for London.

D. The translation of Pattern It + is +past participle +that clause （see P117）.

E. Adding a proper subject

1. In the scorching heat, the fields were preferred to the house.

2. It was hoped that the Party organization of the school would solve the teacher’s problem without delay.

3. It is universally acknowledged that a single man of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

4. Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals.

5. It is well known that smoking is harmful to the health.

二. Translated into Chinese sentence in passive voice

A. Translated into Chinese sentence using “被, 给”

1.They were just captured.

2.The Iraqi President Saddam was ousted by the war in Iraq launched by America.

3.He is capable to isolate rather than to be isolated.

4.The banknote of the family was taken away by his step-mother.

5.If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately.

6.At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence.

6. Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.

7. Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history.

8. Robert Finn was dismissed by the boss of the factory.

10.Running water has long been used to turn the wheels of industry.

B. Translate into Chinese sentence using “遭, 受, 获, 挨, 为…所”

1. The region was frequently visited by droughts.

2. He was criticized for being rude to the customers.

3. Because of the poor school report, the student was beaten by his father.

4. The visitors were flattered and deeply moved.

5. All the buildings were destroyed in a big fire.

6. His mastery of English language and style is always highly praised.

7. The man was awarded for his heroic deeds.

8. Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with sense of decency.

9. He was set upon by two masked men.

10.Everyone was fed up with her gossip.

C. Translated into Chinese sentence using “使, 把, 由”

1. We are kept strong and well by clean air.

2. Every country will be represented by its prime minister.

3. He was regarded as a Republican by everybody, even though he had always thought of himself as an “Independent”.

4. By evening the occupation was complete, and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o’clock curfew.

5. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.

6. Most letters from his wife, are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.

三. The translation of special cases

dead passive voice without “by”.

1.I was filled with joy.

2.The pond was filled with fishes.

3.I am shocked to know the secret.

Be stunned (worried about,

Concerned over, confused with, disappointed with, )

4.She was delivered of a baby boy.

5.Most trees are denuded of leaves in winter.

6.She has been wedded to translation.

7. She did not wish to be troubled.

8. The university is located near the sea

9.The Chinese tie to his family is deeply felt.

.

Unit Twelve Translation of Nominal Clause

一.Subject clause

A. Clause introduced by pronoun as ‘what, whatever, who, whoever etc’ can be translated remaining in their original position.

1. What he told me was incredible.

2. Whatever was said here must be kept secret.

3. Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.

4. Whoever violates the law should be fined.

5. Whatever he saw and heard in his trip gives him a very deep impression.

6. Whoever comes to our English evening will be welcome.

B. Sentence introduced by pronoun “it” as a formal subject. When translated, subject clause can be either precede or follow the principal sentence.

1. It doesn’t make much difference whether you go or not.

2. It’s a pity that you’ve missed such a fine film.

3. It’s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.

4. It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.

5. It was obvious that I had become the pawn in some sort of top-level power play.

6. It is rumored (reported) that the meeting will be held in June.

二.Object clause

A. Clause introduced by ‘that, what, how’ can be translated remaining in their original position.

1. Do you know which film they are talking about?

2. I have no idea when she will be back.

3. She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.

4. I don’t doubt that they will be able to overcome the difficulties.

5. I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.

6. Can you hear what I say?

7. I also told him how appealing I found the offer.

8. I understand that he is well qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience.

If English verbs like “reply, explain, remind, begin, vow, comment” are used before object clause, we translate them into “….说” followed by the contents of object clause.

1. Smith replied that he was sorry.

2. He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.

3. She had explained that interviews were the only way to keep the case in public consciousness.

4. He commented wryly that he had heard quite a bit about me.

5. He began, “Well, I guess things don’t look very good at all.”

6. She kissed the necklace as she put it on, and vowed she would never, never part with it.

B. “It” as a formal object, when translated， the order of the object clause sometimes unchanged and sometimes changed.

1. We must bear it in mind that any irregularity will lead to punishment.

2. I took it for granted that you’ll come and attend the lecture.

3. We owe it to our party that we can live happily.

4. I regard it as an honor that I’m chosen to be a representative.

5. I think it true that he ventured out to sea.

6. I wanted to make it clear whether he was a foreigner or not.

7. I took it for granted that he would sign the document.

三.Predicative clause

Translated remaining in the original position

1. Asia is no longer what it used to be.

2. This is where the shoe pinches.

3. What’s troubling me is that I don’t have much experience in this kind of work.

4. This is why we decided to put the discussion off.

5. This is what he is eager to do.

6. That was how a small nation won the victory over a big power.

7. The fact is that the old lady believed Rebecca to be the meekest creature in the world.

四. Appositive clause

A. The case in which appositive clause is not put in front of the principal sentence.

1. We demanded a guarantee that no similar incident would occur again.

2. She went to the meeting on the supposition that people would not assail her with questions.

3. The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.

4. He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.

5. An obedient son, I had accepted my father’s decision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all.

6. We know the fact that bodies possess weight.

7. They jumped to the conclusion that all our experiments would be a failure.

8. We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.

9. She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly.

B. The case in which appositive clause is put ahead as an attributive order or an independent element.

1. They marvel at the fact that China has made great achievements in its development.

2. There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job.

3. Yet, from the beginning the fact that I was alive was ignored.

4. But I knew I couldn’t trust him. There was always the possibility that he was a political swindler.

5. It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.

C. Translated using word like “即, 这一, 这样”or punctuation marks like colon, dash.

1. Now we have to face the fact that enterprises get big or get out.

2. There was the possibility that a miss is as good as a mile.

3. Copernicus advanced the theory that the earth rotates around the Sun.

4. But it ignores the fact that, though pilots, we potentially were in as much danger of capture as any covert agent.

5. But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.

6. The fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the centre of the earth explains everything.

D. Changing into sentences without subject

1. An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the sky-lab should be sent back.

2. Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error.

3. However, the writing of chemical symbols in the form of an equation does not give any assurance that the reaction shown will actually occur.

Unit Thirteen Translation of Attributive Clause

一. Restricted attributive clause

A. Be put in front of the noun using Chinese word “的”

1. He adored that girl who had just gone out.

2. Substances which allow electricity to flow through them freely are called conductors.

3. The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.

4. He had been too proud to acknowledge the tenderness which his heart felt.

5. There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism.

6. Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.

7. In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.

B. Be put behind the noun.

a. The case in which the clause is translated into compound Chinese sentence without repeating the antecedent.

1. It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.

2. For me the most exciting event of the first year of my presidency came in July 1969 when an American became the first to walk on the moon.

3. A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature.

4. A good deal went on in the steppe which he---her father--- did not know.

5. He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.

6. Occasionally there would be the days when my depression would dissipate temporarily.

7. He was the writer who was moving into operational activities.

b. The case in which the clause is translated into compound Chinese sentence repeating the antecedent.

1. Einstein began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.

2. Mr. Deng put forward the unique theory of “one country, two systems ”which is applicable not only to the return of Hong Kong but also to the reunification of Taiwan Island.

3. He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and infatiguable spirit to the struggle which today brings them (those aims) within the reach of a majority of the human race.

4. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.

5. The great inviolate place had the ancient permanence which the sea cannot claim..

6. He made the sound of sympathy which comes so readily from those who have an independent income.

7. Between these two tiny particles, the proton and the electron, there is a powerful attraction that is always present between negative and positive electric charges.

C. Mixture

By mixture we mean combining the principal clause and the attributive clause into a single Chinese sentence without any demarcation.

1. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.

2. There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity.

3. The man had three daughters who all hoped to marry millionaire.

4. She’s never had made the money that will pay for your education.

5. There are many people who want to see the film.

6. There was another man who seemed to have answers, and that was John.

7. There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.

8. This is the paper mill that they set up in 1978.

9. There has never been a man around me who wrote so many memos.

So these English complex sentences with a very simple principal clause lay emphasis on the attributive clauses. In this case, the principal clause may be condensed into the subject of a simple sentence, with the attributive clause as its predicate.

二.Non-restricted attributive clause

A. Be put in front of the noun being modified using Chinese word ‘的’.

1. The ambassador, who had long been interested in Asian affairs， is flattered.

2. The emphasis was helped by the speaker’s month, which was wide, thin and set.

3. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.

4. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.

5. But Miggle’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.

B. Be put after the noun repeating the antecedent

1. Metals are very strong and can be made with any required shapes, which made it possible to be widely used in industry.

2.It seems to me that there two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.

4. Anybody is better than Tom, who has neither honor, nor ability nor capital.

5. I knew that John would tell his mother, who would probably tell Mary.

6. He took the idea to Admiral King, who liked it and ordered a secret study made to see if it could be done.

C. Translated into compound Chinese sentence by omitting the antecedent.

1. Eurico, 55, who once wanted to be an actor, understand, that great marketing is pure theatre.

2. Noontime came and went, Nixon who rarely had lunch, and Kissinger, who rarely missed it, skipped the meal and went right on talking for almost four hours.

3. His wife, Betty is a Shanghai born Chinese who left China at the age of eight, and whose book, ‘Eight moon’, tell of her sister Sansan’s life in China.

4. After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.

5. He saw in front that haggard white-haired old man, whose eyes flashed red with fury.

6. When she was lost to his view, he pursued his homeward way, glancing up sometimes at the sky, where the clouds were sailing fast and wildly.

D. Translated into compound Chinese sentence but the contents of the antecedent should be stated and put in the front.

See P134 (3)

E. Translated into independent sentence

1. Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computations were accurate.

2. I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I was to appear at the meeting.

3. One was Newman himself, who laughed as he recounted how he had hidden in that basement for several days.

三.Attributive clause is translated into various adverbial clauses.

A. Translating into Chinese adverbial clauses of cause.

1. Soapy walked on, muttering insults against the policeman who would not arrest him.

2. The ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.

3. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.

4. A solid fuel, like coal or wood, can only burn at the surface, where it comes into contact with the air.

5. You must grasp the concept of ‘work’ which is very important in physics.

B. Translated into Chinese adverbial clause of result.

1. There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.

2. Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance.

3. The diode is coated with a thin layer of hard glass which eliminates the need for a hermetically sealed package.

C. Translated into Chinese adverbial clause of concession .

1. He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.

2. The scientist, who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment.

3. Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.

4. She was very patient towards the children which her husband seldom was.

5. He had done lots of good deeds, most of which were not noticed by his unit.

D. Translated into Chinese adverbial clause of condition.

1. Anybody who commits the crime ought to be punished.

2. Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.

3. Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist.

4. Those who are in favor please hold up your hands.

E. Translated into Chinese adverbial clause of purpose.

1. Chinese trade delegation has been sent to world trade organization, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments.

2. We have to oil the moving parts of the machine, the friction of which may be greatly reduced.

3. He wished to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.

4. They have built up a new college here, where students will be trained to be engineers and scientists.

5. I’ll try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical glossary, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly.

1.From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly accelerated program for scientific and technological co-operation, aimed at widespread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition, shelter, communications, health and sanitation.

2.The interests of peace prompt us to speak in restrained and measured language and to avoid any escalation of mutual recrimination which would be likely to compromise the patient and discreet quest for a peaceful settlement of this conflict.

3.Engels spoke with the authority(资格)and confidence, born of forty years’ closest friendship and intellectual intimacy, during which he had grasped, as no other man had, the full significance of Marx’s teachings.

4.There are several reasons why Kissinger no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania(自大狂)。

5.There is no doubt that there is uneasiness in the American public, as you would expect after 10 years of being told that their leaders were irresponsible or liars, that their enterprises were doomed to failure, that every setback is the result of malfeasance.

6.There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person as there id between the operations and methods of a baker or a butcher who weighs out his goods in common scales and the operations of a chemist who performs a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights.

7.The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and , in most instances, an exciting story.

8.The facts of science are not, as some think dry and lifeless. They are living things, filling with sweetest poetry the ear that listens to them, and with fadeless harmony of colors the eye that looks upon them.

年届古稀的我，应该说是饱经风霜、世事洞明了，但依然时而明白，时而懵懂。孔夫子说：“七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”大概已达到大彻大悟的思想境界了吧！吾辈凡夫，为柴米油盐所累，酒色财气所惑，又何以成“正果”？

生存在功利社会，奔波劳顿，勾心斗角，若想做到从心所欲，难矣！人自孩提时代起，求学、谋职、恋爱、成家、立业、功名、财富-----几乎无时不在追求，而且总不能满足。当然事业上的进取与物欲上的贪婪，是两种截然不同的人生观。人生的道路并非平坦的康庄大道，事物的发展往往不以人的意志为转移。有追求必有烦恼，这就是生活实际。

从岗位上退了下来，生活环境与心里状态都发生了变化。老实说，最快慰的事莫过于不再纠缠在人际关系中。可以无须观察上峰的脸色行事，再也用不着在同僚的磨擦中周旋，更不必防范别人的暗算，从名利缰索中挣脱开来，精神顿时宽松了。

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