Unit 3
Economics
deficit n.
⏹ [英][’defɪsɪt] [美][’dɛfɪsɪt]
the difference between the amount of something that you have and the higher amount that you need赤字
⏹ shortfall
in deficit
⏹ 美国的国际收支平衡出现逆差。
⏹ The US balance of payments was in deficit.
on course to do sth
⏹ likely to do sth
⏹ 我们有可能打进锦标赛。
⏹ We are on course to qualify for the championship.
no end in sight
⏹ unlikely to end soon
⏹ 罢工开始至今已六个月了，眼下还看不到结束的迹象。
⏹ Six months from the start of the strike there is still no end in sight.
finance v.
⏹ to provide money to pay for sth 为…提供资金
⏹ fund v.
⏹
inflation n.
⏹ a continuing increase in prices 物价上涨，通货膨胀
⏹ deflation 通过紧缩
⏹ depreciation (line 3, para. 1)
⏹ [英][dɪ,pri:ʃi:’eɪʃən] [美][dɪ,priʃi’eʃən]
⏹ decrease in the value of a currency relative to other currencies （货币）贬值
⏹ 外汇贬值是有关国家经济不景气的结果。
⏹ Foreign currency depreciation is a result of economic depression in the country concerned.
⏹
knowledgeable adj.
⏹ learned
⏹ well-informed
unsustainable adj.
⏹ unable to continue 难以维持的
sustain v.
⏹ to make sth continue
⏹ maintain
⏹ 她发现很难维持孩子们的兴趣。
⏹ She found it difficult to sustain the children’s interest.
⏹ .
翻译
⏹ sustain sb : if food or drink sustain sb, it makes them able to live 维持…生命
⏹ 他们给我的食物几乎都不够我活命。
⏹ They gave me barely enough food to sustain me.
⏹ 战争期间，我们的食物仅够维持生活。
⏹ During the war, we had just enough food to sustain us.
Bank for International Settlement
⏹ 国际清算银行
surplus n.
⏹ [英][’sə:pləs] [美][’sɚpləs, -’plʌs]
⏹ balance
⏹ exess
ratio n.
⏹ [英]['reɪʃɪəʊ] [美][’reʃo,’reʃi’o]
⏹ proportion
restore sth
⏹ to make something return to its former state or condition 恢复
⏹ bring back
⏹ revive
fiscal restraint
⏹ fiscal
⏹ financial
⏹ monetary
⏹ restraint n.
⏹ limit
budget n.
⏹ financial planning 财政预算
be a rarity n.
⏹ to not happen or exist very often极为罕见
⏹ 村里极少来客人。
⏹ Visitors were a rarity in the village.
attribute (line 4, para. 2)sth to sb/sth
⏹ [英]['ætrɪbju:t] [美][ə’trɪbjut]
⏹ v. regard something as being caused by 把…归因于;把…归咎于
⏹ 心脏病死亡人数的下降通常归因于日常饮食的改善。
• The fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally attributed to improvements in diet.
orthodoxy n.
⏹ an idea or set of ideas that is accepted by most people to b correct and right 正统思想，普遍接受的观点
add to sth
⏹ increase sth
exception n.
⏹ sth or someone that is not included in a general statement 例外
⏹ exclusion
presidency n.
⏹ the position of being a president总统任职
recession n.
⏹ [ri’seʃən]
⏹ a difficult time when there is less trade, business activity in a country than usual经济衰退
pay sth off
⏹ to give someone all the money you owe them 付清债务
⏹ 他终于还清了透支款。
⏹ He finally paid his overdraft off.
翻译
⏹ pay off: if sth you do pays off, it is successful 奏效
⏹ 这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。
⏹ The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.
⏹ 团队合作获得了成功。
⏹ Teamwork paid off.
outstanding adj.
⏹ not yet done, solved, or paid未付的
⏹ 我们尚有好多债务为偿还。
⏹ We’ve got quite a few debts still outstanding.
maximum adj./n.
⏹ [’mæksiməm] [美][’mæksəməm]
⏹ the largest number
⏹ 这车的最高时速是每小时120公里。
⏹ The car has a maximum speed of 120 kilometers an hour.
retire sth
⏹ pay off (a debt)
expenditure
⏹ the amount of money that government spend 开支
⏹ spending
⏹ expense
exceed v.
⏹ outnumber
⏹ surpass
⏹ 工作时间每周不得超过42小时。
⏹ Working hours must not exceed 42 hours.
翻译
⏹ 这次竞选运动的成功远远超出了我们的预料。
⏹ The success of the campaign far exceeded our expectations.
revenue also revenues
⏹ [’revənju:] [美][’revənju]
⏹ money that the government receives from tax 税收
A是B的N倍大/长……(或者A比B大/长……N-1倍)
⏹ A is N times as large/long (形容词/副词原形) as B.
⏹ 倍数+as...as
⏹ 亚洲比欧洲大四倍。
⏹ Asia is four times as large as Europe.
A是B的N倍大/长……(或者A比B大/长……N-1倍)
⏹ A is N times larger/longer（形容词/副词比较级）than B.
⏹ 倍数+比较级+than
⏹ 亚洲比欧洲大四倍。
⏹ Asia is four times larger than Europe.
⏹
翻译
⏹ A is N times the size/length (名词形式) of B.
⏹ 倍数+the+名词+of
⏹ 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大，或者亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
⏹ Asia is four times the size of Europe.
total v.
⏹ add up to
⏹ amount to
⏹ aggregate
⏹ 我们购物一共用了37美元。
⏹ Our shopping totalled $37.
in deficit
⏹ 美国的国际收支平衡出现逆差。
⏹ The US balance of payments was in deficit.
sth takes priority over sth else
⏹ to give attention to sth first than sth else 比…居先
⏹ 重伤人员比轻伤人员优先得到治疗。
⏹ The badly wounded take (receives) priority for medical attention over those only slightly hurt.
fluctuate v.
⏹ 【英】[’flʌktjueit] [美][’flʌktʃu’et]
⏹ rise and fall irregularly in number or amount
⏹
.
liabilities
⏹ the amount of debt that must be paid 债务
be liable for sth
⏹ legally responsible for the cost of sth 负有偿付责任的
⏹ 他有责任还清这笔债务。
⏹ He is liable for this debt.
The main driver of government spending
⏹ The main factor that makes government spending rise
regulation n.
⏹ control over sth 管理
entitlement also entitlement program
⏹ a US government programme that gives money to people who need it美国的政府津贴计划
medicaid
estimate n.
⏹ a calculation
bring an end to sth
⏹ 翻译
⏹ to finish sth
⏹ 这次会议以他的演讲结束。
⏹ His speech brought an end to the conference.
issue v.
⏹ officially produce sth and make them available to buy 发行
add to sth
⏹ increase
⏹ 销售税提高了价格。
⏹ Sales tax adds to the price.
pensions n.
⏹ an amount money paid regularly by the government or company to someone who does not work any more 养老金
honor v.
⏹ to do what you have agreed to do信守诺言，承诺
⏹ 政府又一次食言。
⏹ Once again the government has failed to honor its promises.
renege on sth
⏹ 【rɪ’nɪg, ri-’ni:g] [美][rɪ’nɪɡ,-’nɛɡ,-’niɡ]
⏹ to not to do sth you have promised or agreed to do 违背
⏹ go back on sth
⏹ 他们违背诺言，没有释放人质。
⏹ They reneged on a pledge to release the hostage.
beneficiary n.
⏹ [’benə’fɪʃəri:]
⏹ recipient
shift the liability to the federal government
⏹ make the federal government responsible for the liability把债务推卸给联邦政府
interim n.
⏹ [英][’ɪntərɪm]
⏹ in the interim ---meanwhile 与此同时
scheme n.
⏹ a clever plan, to do sth that is bad诡计，阴谋
charter v.
⏹ to give a charter to 给…发特许证
exempt v.
⏹ to give someone permission not to sth 免除
capital project
⏹ 非经常性开支项目
There is a tendency to do sth
⏹ 女性越来越趋于晚育。
⏹ There is an increasing tendency for women to have children later in life.
make estimates of sth
⏹ make a statement of how much it will probably cost to build or repair sth估算
overly adv.
⏹ too or very
by this measure
⏹ 以这种标准衡量，亚洲新兴中产阶级的规模仍然相对较小。
⏹ By this measure, Asia’s emerging middle class remains relatively small.
by any measure
⏹ 不管以什么标准来衡量，现在的十年也是很困难的。
⏹ By any measure, the current decade is a hard one too.
By any measure
⏹ 通过所有的措施，公众对于慈善的慷慨大方使它成为世界上最成功的为健康募捐活动之一。
⏹ By any measure, the public’s generosity in supporting that charity made it one of the most successful health-related fundraising campaigns ever.
feasible adj.
⏹ practicable
⏹ viable
⏹ workable
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