第四节 数词
中考导航
考点突破
考点1. 基数词(★★★)
1.基数词的构成:
(1)基数词1～12:one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve
(2)基数词13～19由3～9加后缀teen构成。如:14-fourteen,19-nineteen (注意:thirteen，fifteen，eighteen稍有变化)。
(3)基数词20～90等十位数由2～9加后缀ty构成。如:
20-twenty，30-thirty，40-forty，50-fifty，60-sixty，70-seventy，80-eighty，90-ninety
(4)基数词21～99由十位数加个位数构成，中间必须有连字符(-)。如:
21:twenty-one，
43:forty-three，
75:seventy-five
(5)百位数以上的基数词的写法是:在个位和十位之间加连字号，在百位与十位之间加and，千、百之间不加任何东西。
如: 785写做:seven hundred and eighty-five 1264写做:one thousand two hundred and sixty-four
(6)hundred, thousand, million, billion的用法
①这些词前有确定数字时，不管数字多少，这些词都不能加s。如：
一百辆汽车:one(a)hundred cars 三千个苹果:three thousand apples 两万个学生:twenty thousand students 一百万本书:one million books
②后接of时，这些词都要加s，且前面不能有确定数字，但可以有不确定数字(many，several，a few)。如：
hundreds of students(成百上千的的学生) many thousands of books(成千上万的书籍)
巧学妙记
1至12分别记，13至19都带-teen，
整十后面要用-ty，连字符用于几十几，
百位以上用and连。
2.基数词的基本用法
(1)1以上的基数词放在可数名词前，名词要用复数形式。piece of，pair of等短语后不管接可数名词还是不可数名词，of前的数量词前有1以上的数词时，数量词都要用复数形式。如:
I have a／one brother and two sisters.
我有一个弟弟和两个妹妹。
(2)“基数词—名词”构成复合形容词时，数词和名词之间应用连字符连接，数词大于1时，名词也不能用复数形式。
如:
We’ll have an two-week holiday.
我们将有一个两周的假期。
3.表达年、月、日
(1)月份：一月January、二月February、三月March、四月April、五月May、六月June、七月July、八月August、九月September、十月October、十一月November、十二月December
(2)年和年代用基数词，多用阿拉伯数字表示。需注意读法。
如:
1998读做:nineteen ninety-eight
1806读做:eighteen and six
(3)年或月前常用介词in，在年、月同时出现时，年前的介词in省略；具体某一天前用介词on。
如:
My brother went to college in 2005. 我哥哥2005年上了大学。
I was born on October 10，1994.
我生于1994年10月10日。
(3)表示“某日”，书写形式可以用基数词，也可以用序数词；读数时一般按序数词形式。英语年、月、日的排列顺序为:月→日→年或日→月→年。如果用of结构只能是:日→月→年。如:
2014年8月8日:August 8(th)，2014／8(th) August，2014／the 8th of August，2014
4.表达编号
编号的表示法：名词(首字母大写)+基数词(首字母大写)= the+序数词(首字母小写)+名词(首字母小写)=名词(首字母大写)+数字。如：
Unit Five=the fifth unit= Unit 5(第五单元)
Page Four= the fourth page = Page 4(第四页)
但如果数字较大时，特别是房间、页码、公交车号、电话号码等，多用“名词+基数词”形式。如：Room 308(308号房)，Bus No.3(第三路公共汽车)
5.表达时刻
(1) 表示“时刻”，一般用基数词。
数词前用介词at。表示整点时，数词后可接o’clock，半点之前的时间常用past，表示“几点过了几分”；半点之后的时间常用to，表示“差几分到几点”。
半小时用half; 一刻钟用quarter。
如:
twelve o’clock:12∶00 half past ten:10∶30
a quarter to seven: 6：45
一个半小时(天，星期，月，年)的表达法有两种：①one hour(day，week，month，year) and a half; ②one and a half hours (days, weeks, months, years)
(2)时间的读法：
顺读法 (先读小时后读分钟)如：7：24读成seven twenty-four 8：38读成eight thirty-eight.
逆读法 (先读分钟后读小时)：①分钟小于30用past。如：8: 25读成twenty-five past eight ②分钟大于30用to，且分钟要用60减，小时要加1。如：7：40读成twenty(60-40) to eight(7+1)
6.表达年龄
①一般直接用基数词表示。
如: Her daughter is eighteen. 她的女儿18岁。
②用“基数词+years old”表示。
如: Her daughter is eighteen years old. 她的女儿18岁。
③“基数词+名词+old”也可以构成复合形容词，表示“……岁的”。此结构常作定语，三个词之间都用连字符连接，前面的数字大于1时，中间的名词词尾也不能加s。如:
A three-year-old boy is playing with his sister on the grass. 一个3岁的小男孩正在草地上同他姐姐一起玩耍。
7.表达倍数
表示“几倍”除了一倍(once)，两倍(twice)外，其他一般由“基数词+times”构成。如: This book is twice thicker than that one.
这本书是那本的两倍厚。
They have done three times as much housework as we do.
他们做的家务活是我们的三倍。
考点2. 序数词(★★★)
1.序数词的构成
序数词的构成是以基数词为基础，第一到第十二一般是在基数词词尾加th;第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)、第五(fifth)、第八(eighth)、第九(ninth)、第十二(twelfth)比较特殊。以ty结尾的整十数，y变成i再加eth。如:
This is the fourth book that I have read. 这是我看过的第四本书。
基数词变序数词口诀
一、二、三，特殊例，结尾各是t，d，d。
-th，四加起，八少t，九去e，y结尾改ie；
-ve结尾变f，five，twelve是两兄弟。
若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。
2.序数词的基本用法
(1)序数词在句子中主要用作定语，因此，前面要加定冠词“the”。如:
January is the first month of the year.
一月是一年中的第一个月。
(2)表示“再一”、“又一”的意思时，序数词前一般用不定冠词。如:
We’ll have to do it a second time.
我们得重做一次。
(3)序数词起副词的作用，在状语的位置时，前面一般不用冠词。 如:
He came second in the race. 他赛跑获得了第二名。
(4)下列情况序数词前也不用the。
①序数词前有物主代词时。
如:This is my third visit to Beijing. 这是我第三次来北京参观。
②序数词用于固定搭配时。
如:first of all（首先）；every third day（每三天）
③在日月表达中。
如:May(the)first （5月1 日）
④并列使用两个序数词时，后面序数词前的定冠词省略。
如:the eighth and ninth pages（第八页和第九页）
(5)表达分数
分数词的构成:分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是“1”时，分子、分母都用单数形式；分子的数目大于“1”时，分母必须用复数形式。
如:One third of the students are boys in our class.
我们班三分之一的学生是男生。
Over nine tenths of China’s inhabitants belong to the Han nationality.
中国人口的十分之九以上是汉族。
(6)世纪年代的表达法
18世纪:in the eighteenth century 80年代:in the eighties 20世纪90年代:in the 1990s(1990’s)
课堂小测
( )1.I’m 13 years old and my sister is 15 years old.So my sister is years older than me.
A.one B.two C.three D.four
( )2. Please turn to Page and read the story.
A.Ten; two B.Ten; second C.Tenth;second D.Tenth; two
( )3. David Beckham has children.Brooklyn Beckham is his
son.
A.third, first B.three, one C.three, first D.third, one
( )4. month of the year is May.
A.Two B.The second C.Five D.The fifth
( )5. —Which is the biggest number of the four?
— .
A.One third B.Two thirds C.A half D.A quarter
( )6. Christmas Day is on of December.
A.twenty-five B.the twenty-five C.twenty-fifth D.the twenty-fifth
( )7. On February 25, 2013, Li An, a Chinese director, won the best director again.It is his time to win an “Oscar”.
A.first B.three C.twice D.second
( )8. —“Food Safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently.
—Yeah, it receives Internet hits(点击) a day.
A.thousands B.thousand of C.thousands of D.ten thousands
( )9. —When did you start to collect stamps?
—I got my stamp when I was years old.
A.one, seven B.one, seventh C.first, seventh D.first, seven
( )10.Kate is girl.She’s very happy at school.
A.a eighteen-year-old B.an eighteen-year-old
C.an eighteen-years-old D.a eighteen-years-old
( )11.—What day is it today?
—It’s Monday, and it’s my birthday.
A.fifteen B.fifteenth C.the fifteen D.the fifteenth
( )12.—Where is Class ?
—It’s on the floor.
A.Six; third B.Sixth; third C.Six; three D.Sixth; three
( )13.They are the students of .
A.grade 7 B.Grade 7 C.7th grade D.Grade 7th
( )14.The number of the cars in our neighborhood is about eight , and of them are new cars.
A.hundred; two thirds B.hundred; two third
C.hundreds; two thirds D.hundreds; two third
( )15.Mother’s Day is on the Sunday in May every year.
A.two B.second C.six D.sixth
( )16.Did you know that the earth is home to animals?
A million B.millions C.million of D.millions of
( )17. There are teachers in our school, of them are women teachers.
A.two hundreds;three fourth B.two hundred;three fourths
C.two hundred;three fourth D.two hundreds;third fourth
( )18.—Our school is going to hold the Culture Festival.
—I see.And we can take part in activities.
A.tenth; tenth B.ten; tenth C.tenth; ten D.ten; ten
( )19. About of the students in Grade Nine this year were born in the .
A.three five; 1996. B.three fifths; 1990s
C.third fifth; 1997. D.third fifths; 1990s
( )20. —There are 60 students in my class and 44 of them use weibo very often.
—44? That means about of your classmates are weibo users, right?
A.half B.one third C.two thirds D.three quarters
中考模拟演练
( )1. —Do you know when Christmas Day is?
—It’s on .
A.December 24th B.January 1st C.December 25th D.October 1st
( )2. The government of Chongqing is building cheap and good houses for the people.
A.thousand B.thousands C.thousand of D.thousands of
( )3. Nine pounds a week? That’s very good.
A.hundred of B.hundreds of C.hundreds D.hundred
( )4. We all think that the century will bring us more hopes.
A.twenty-first B.twentieth-first
C.twenty-one D.twentieth-one
( )5. Several new books were sold out last week.
A.of thousand B.thousands
C.thousands of D.thousand
( )6. I got a beautiful bike on birthday.I like it very much.
A.fifteenth B.fifteen
C.my fifteen D.my fifteenth
( )7. Unit is easy but unit is difficult.
A.Sixth;seven B.Six;seven
C.Sixth;the seventh D.Six;the seventh
( )8. —Has Mary been back?
—Not yet.She will come back the evening of June .
A.at;first B.to;thirtieth
C.on;the twelfth D.on;the nineteen
( )9. — people are taking action to protect the environment now.
—Yes. of my classmates come to school by bike now.
A.More and more;Four fifth B.Less and less;Four fifth
C.More and more;Four fifths D.Less and less;Four fifths
( )10. The teacher said that of the boys would take part in the talent show.
A.three five B.three fives
C.thirds fifths D.three fifths
( )11. I think of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam easy.
A.three fourths;is B.third four;are
C.three fourths;are D.three fourth;are
( )12. Which is right?
A.2014,June 25 B.25th June,2014
C.June 25,2014 D.June 25st,2014
( )13. — will your brother be back?
—I’m not sure,maybe in .
A.How soon;one hour and half
B.How soon;one hour and a half
C.How long;one and half hours
D.How long;one and a half hours
( )14. —What do you think of the environment here?
—Wonderful! of the land covered with trees and grass.
A.Two fifths;are B.Two fifth;are
C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifth;is
( )15. the students usually surf the Internet and get information.
A.60 percents of B.60 percent
C.60 percent of D.60 percents
( )16. We have stayed at this school for .Which of the following choice is wrong?
A.two and a half years B.two years and a half
C.two years and half a year D.both A and B
( )17. A girl named Dong Xinyi looked after her disabled father.
A.three-year-old B.three-years-old C.three years old D.three year old
( )18. You can see if you go out at night.
A.million stars B.thousand of stars
C.hundreds stars D.millions of stars
( )19. The Greens live in .
A.Room 2108 B.2108 Room C.the Room 2108 D.Room the 2208
( )20. About of the workers in the factory were born in the .
A.two-thirds, 1970 B.two-thirds, 1970s
C.two-third,1970 D.two-third, 1970s
( ) 21.Each of us has to write a report every two weeks.
A.two-hundred-word B.two-hundreds-word
C.two-hundreds-words D.two-hundred-words
( )22. —There is a wrong word in line .
— Where?
— In the line.
A.two; two B.two; second C.second; two D.second; second
( )23. —There are sixty students in our class.And of us are boys.
—Wow! You have forty girls!
A.one fourth B.one third C.two fifths D.two thirds
( )24. —Where does John live?
—He lives on floor but he doesn’t use a lift to go up and down.
A.nine B.the ninth C.ninth D.a ninth
( )25. This is lesson,so I don’t know all your names.
A.our first B.our the first C.the our first D.the first our
( )26. Father’Day is on Sunday of June.
A.three B.third C.three times D.the third
( )27. Last year, I visited a chemical factory in Baise, there are about
workers in it.
A.six thousands B.six thousand C.six thousands of D.six thousand of
( )28. In the past two years，many tall buildings have been built in our city．The tallest is an that stands in the centre.
A.80-floor building B．60-floors building C.80-floor buildings D．70 floors building
( )29. —Excuse me.Where is Mr.Green’s office?
—It’s on floor.
A.seven B.the seven C.the seventh D.seventh
( )30. Please write down the new words in the text of .
A.Lesson Ten B.the Lesson Ten C.Tenth Lesson D.Lesson Tenth
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