【精选】2019年高考英语一轮复习专题04Wildlifeprotection（教学案）新人教版必修2练习
【考纲解读】
1. 意识到保护野生动物的重要性和紧迫性，激发保护野生动物的信心和决心。
2. 掌握保护野生动物的相关知识，了解全球所关注的保护环境、保护地球、保护所有生命的话题。
【高频单词】
1．protection (n.) 保护→protect (vt. & vi.) 保护→protective (adj.) 保护的
2．decrease (vi.& vt.) 减少；(使)变小；(使)变少→increase (vi. & vt.) (反义词)增加
3．loss (n.) 损失；遗失；丧失→lose (vt. & vi.) 遗失；丢失；损失→lost (adj.) 迷路的；迷失的
4．reserve (n.) 保护区 (vt.) 保留；预留
5．hunt (vt. & vi.) 打猎；猎取；搜寻→hunter (n.) 猎人→hunting (n.) 狩猎运动；打猎
6．respond (vi.) 回答；响应；做出反应→response (n.) 回答；反应
7．distant (adj.) 远的；远处的→distance (n.) 距离；远方
8．relief (n.) (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→relieve (vt.) 使减轻；缓解
9．laughter (n.) 笑；笑声→laugh (v.&n.) 笑；发笑→laughing (adj.) 可笑的；带笑意的
10．mercy (n.) 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→merciful (adj.) 仁慈的；宽容的
11．contain (vt.) 包含；容纳；容忍→container (n.) 容器
12．affect (vt.) 影响；感动；侵袭→affection (n.) 喜爱；感情→effect (n.) 影响；效果；作用
13．appreciate (vt.) 鉴赏；感激；意识到→appreciation (n.) 欣赏；感谢
14．succeed (vi.) 成功 (vt.) 接替；继任→success (n.) 成功→successful (adj.) 成功的→successfully (adv.) 成功地
15．employ (vt.) 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employer (n.) 雇主→employee (n.) 雇员；雇工→employment (n.) 雇用；使用；就业→unemployment (n.) (反义词)失业；失业率
16．harm (n. & vt.) 损害；危害→harmful (adj.) 有害的→harmless (adj.) 无害的
17．bite (vt. & vi.) 咬；叮；刺痛→bit (过去式)→bitten (过去分词)
18．inspect (vt.) 检查；视察→inspection (n.) 视察→inspector (n.) 检查员；视察员
19．incident (n.) 事件；事变
20．secure (adj.) 安全的；可靠的→security (n.) 安全；安全感
21．fierce (adj.) 凶猛的；猛烈的→fiercely (adv.) 凶猛地；凶残地
【重点短语】
1．die_out 灭亡；逐渐消失
2．in_peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地
3．in_danger_(of) 在危险中；垂危
4．in_relief 如释重负；松了口气
5．burst_into_laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
6．protect...from 保护……不受……(危害)
7．pay_attention_to 注意
8．pick_out 挑选出
9．_into_being 形成；产生
10．according_to 按照；根据……所说
11．so_that 以至于；结果
12．do_harm_to 损害；伤害；对……有害
【热点句型】
1．as引导方式状语从句
It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help as_the_WWF_suggests (按照世界野生生物基金会的建议)．(教材P26)
2．be to do表示将来的打算。be to后接动词原形表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方的意见。
What must be done if wildlife protection is_to_succeed (想要成功)？(教材P27)
3．the way作先行词，后跟省略了that/in which的定语从句。
They learned this from the_way_the_bones_were_joined (骨骼的连接方式) together.(教材P30)
4．It is a pity that...“遗憾的是……”
It_is_a_pity_that (很遗憾)in the story nobody helped the dodo.(教材P31)
5．There be/no...left.“剩下……/所剩无几”
This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there_are_very_few_left (所剩无几)．(教材P32)
高频考点一 单词
例1、mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
Farmers hunted us without mercy.(P26)
农民们毫不留情地捕杀我们。
【归纳拓展】
(1)ask/beg for mercy 请求宽恕
同情/宽恕某人
with mercy 仁慈地
without mercy 残忍地；毫不留情地
at the mercy of 任由……摆布
it's a mercy (that) 幸运的是……
(2)merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽容的
merciless adj.无情的；冷酷的
be merciful to 对……仁慈
【语境助记】
①He went down on his knees and begged_for_mercy.
他跪下来，乞求宽恕。
②We had no alternative but to be at_the_mercy of the sea.
我们除了任由大海的摆布外别无选择。
③He showed_no_mercy_to his enemies.
他对敌人毫不仁慈。
④It's_a_mercy that she wasn't hurt in the accident.
她在事故中未受伤，真是万幸。
例2、contain vt.包含；容纳；克制(强烈的感情等)；抑制
It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.(P26)
它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。
【归纳拓展】
contain oneself 控制/克制自己
container n．容器；集装箱，货柜
【语境助记】
①This drink doesn't contain_any_alcohol.
这种饮料不含任何酒精。
②[2016·四川高考]When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing_lead,_they absorb large quantities of lead.
当秃鹰吃了含铅的动物的死尸，它们就吸收了大量的铅。
③Hearing the disappointing news, he was too sad to contain_ himself.
听到这个失望的消息，他太伤心了而不能抑制自己。
④Food will last longer if kept in an airtight container.
如果贮藏在密封的容器里，食物能保持比较久的时间。
⑤[一言辨异]The container contains many kinds of fruits, including apples/apples included.
容器里装有许多种水果，包括苹果。
例3、affect vt.影响；感动；使感染；侵袭
It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.(P26)
它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。
【归纳拓展】
(1)be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉
be affected with a high fever发高烧
be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感动
(2)have an effect on...对……产生影响
take effect 生效；奏效
into effect生效；实行
be of no effect无效的；无用的
(3)affection n．感情；喜爱；影响；感染
【语境助记】
①She was_deeply_affected by the news of his death.
他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。
②Global warming is having_a_great_effect_on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.
科学家说，全球变暖正对世界各地成百上千的动植物物种产生巨大的影响，改变了一些生活方式。
③Does television affect children's behaviour?
＝Does television have_an_effect_on children's behaviour?
电视对孩子的行为有影响吗？
④[2016·高考]On the 20th of that month, Dr Welch examined a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting_children.
在当月的20号，韦尔奇医生给一个生病的男孩比利做了检查，了解到他患的是白喉，这是一种主要感染小孩的致命传染病。
⑤Affected_with_a_high_fever,_he continued with his work.
尽管发高烧，他仍然继续他的工作。
⑥She was held in deep affection by all her students.
她的学生都十分爱戴她。
例4、appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；理解；意识到
You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together.(P26)
你们应该多关注我所生活的热带雨林，并且理解热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。
【归纳拓展】
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing 重视；感激
I would appreciate it if...假如……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n．欣赏；感激
in appreciation of... 作为对……的感谢；为感谢……
appreciative adj.感激的
【名师点睛】
(1)appreciate后不接不定式。其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语。
(2)appreciate后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语意上需要接这类从句，需借助it，即“appreciate it＋if/when...”，类似用法的动词有：dislike， hate， love， depend on， rely on， like等。
【语境助记】
①I'd appreciate your writing_me_back as soon as possible.
你尽快回信，我会感激不尽的。
②I would appreciate_it_if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.
如果你能给我一些解决这些问题的建议，我会很感激的。
③Here I sincerely expressed_my_appreciation if you could help find the lost suitcase.
如果您能帮我找到丢失的箱子，我会真诚地表达我的感激之情。
④Being_appreciated by others is something that always makes people happy.
被人赏识总是一件令人愉快的事情。
⑤Please accept this gift in_appreciation_of all you have done for us.
承蒙鼎力相助，不胜感激，谨备薄礼，敬请笑纳。
例5、succeed vi.& vt.成功；接替；继任
What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed？(P27)
要成功地保护野生动植物必须做什么？
【归纳拓展】
(1)succeed in doing sth.成功做了某事
succeed to sth.继承
succeed sb. as...接替某人成为……
(2)success n．[U]成功，成就；[C]成功的人或事
successful adj.成功的
successfully adv.成功地
be successful in/at (doing) sth. (做)某事取得成功
【名师点睛】
success表示“成功的人或事”时，failure表示“失败的人或事”时，都是可数名词。
【语境助记】
①He had to succeed_to the business when his father passed away.
当他父亲去世时他不得不继承他父亲的事业。
②It never occurred to me that you could succeed_in persuading him to change his mind.
我从未想过你会成功地劝他改变主意。
③In a word, success is important, and so is failure, because it's the mother of success.
总之，成功是很重要的；失败也很重要，因为失败是成功之母。
④His first book was a_great_success and he has been famous as a writer ever since.
他的第一本书非常畅销，从那时起他就作为一名作家而出名。
⑤They were_successful_in winning the contract.
他们终于争取到了那份合同。
例6、employ vt. 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
Can they be employed to work in the park and not hurt the animals？(P27)
他们能被雇去公园工作并且不伤害动物吗？
【归纳拓展】
(1)employ sb. as... 雇用某人任……
employ sb. to_do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2)employer n. 雇主
employee n．雇员；受雇者
employment n. 职业；工作；使用
【名师点睛】
【语境助记】
①For the past three years he has_been_employed_as a firefighter.
三年来他一直受雇为消防员。
②He has_been_employed_in_writing a new book these days.
这些日子他一直忙于写一本新书。
③Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find employment.
毕业生感到找工作越来越难。
高频考点二、短语
例1、die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
As a result these endangered animals may even die out. (P25)
结果，这些濒危动物甚至可能会灭亡。
【归纳拓展】
(1) die away(声音；光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from因……而死
die down减弱；平息
die off相继死亡
(2)be dying for很想要；渴望
be dying to_do sth.极想干某事
【语境助记】
①Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying_out because of human activities.
这一地区的一些稀有鸟类由于人类活动正面临灭绝的危险。
②As the sound of the music died_away,_the film came to an end.
随着音乐声渐渐消失，电影结束了。
③The apple trees in the field are all dying_off from disease.
地里的苹果树一棵接一棵地病死了。
④Although the wind has died_down,_the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
尽管风减弱了，雨仍然下着，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。
⑤London was a new world to me and I was_dying_to_find_out more about it for myself.
伦敦对于我来说是个新世界，我渴望更多地了解这个城市。
例2、protect...from/against... 保护……不受……(危害)
“I'm protecting myself from mosquitoes，” it replied.(P26)
它回答说：“我正在保护自己不被蚊子叮咬。”
【归纳拓展】
(1)protect...against保护……以防……
阻止……做某事
(3)under the protection of... 在……的保护下
【名师点睛】
(1)表示“保护……免受……的损害或侵犯”时常用结构protect...against/from...来表示，但较大的事件(如天灾)多用against，小事件(如冷气)则用from。
(2)在prevent/stop...from doing sth.中的from在主动句中可以省略，而在被动句中不可省。keep...from doing sth.中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。
(3)defend...from“保卫……以免于”。
【语境助记】
①In summer, many people usually wear dark glasses to protect their eyes from the sun.
在夏天，很多人通常戴墨镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的刺激。
②Something must be done to keep/prevent/stop the environment from_being_polluted.
必须采取措施保护环境免受污染。
③He asked to be put under_police_protection.
他请求警方保护。
例3、pay attention to 注意
You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live...(P26)
你应多关注我所居住的热带雨林……
【归纳拓展】
(1)catch/draw/attract sb.'s attention to...吸引某人对……的注意
focus/fix/concentrate one's attention on/upon...把注意力集中在……
turn one's attention to...将注意力转向……
(2)May I have your attention, please?
相当于Attention, please！请注意！
【名师点睛】
pay attention to 中的to为介词，类似短语还有be used to (习惯于)；look forward to (盼望)；get down to(开始着手)；adapt to(适应)等，平时注意积累。
【语境助记】
①We should pay_more_attention_to the needs of older people.
我们应该更加关注老年人的需求。
②You speak English very well, but more attention should be_paid to your written English.
你英语说得非常好，但应多注意书面英语。
③He stood there, his attention fixed/focused/concentrated on the notice on the wall.
他站在那儿，集中注意力看墙上的布告。
④It's high time that the government should_pay_attention_to/paid_ attention_to the housing problems of the average people.
是政府应当关注普通老百姓住房问题的时候了。
高频考点三 句型
例1、It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help as_the_WWF_suggests. (P26)
这表明保护野生动植物的重要性，但我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
【归纳拓展】
as在句中引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同；像……一样”。
as作为连词的用法主要有：
(1)“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句；
(2)“当……时候；一边……一边；随着”，引导时间状语从句；
(3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句；
(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于 as 前面；单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词)；
(5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...句型，意为“像……一样……”(第一个 as 是副词，第二个 as 是连词)。
【语境助记】
①When in Rome, do_as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。(在罗马时就要像罗马人那样做。)
②We don't see things as_they_are;_we see them as_we_are.
我们所看见的不是事物的本质，而是自己的样子。
③As_children_get_older,
随着孩子们一天天长大，他们对所有的事物都变得越来越感兴趣。
④As_you're_not feeling well, you may stay at home.
既然身体不舒服，那你就待在家里吧。
⑤Child_as_he_is,_he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子，他懂得很多。
⑥写出下列句中as的含义
a．Tired as they were, they worked on.尽管
b．[2016·浙江高考]As I type this, I am in my university dorm room.当……时候
c．Ann wouldn't write down a series of facts in her diary as most people do.按照；如同
d．[2016·浙江高考]Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do.因为；由于
例2、They learned this from the_way the bones were joined together.(P30)
他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
【归纳拓展】
在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way作先行词时有以下三种情况：
(1)关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用in_which，that或省略；
(2)关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用that或which；
(3)关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用that，which或省略。
【名师点睛】
way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可以接动词不定式或of doing sth.作定语。
【语境助记】
①Treat others in the_way you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
②The way in_which或that he speaks to us is really annoying.
他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。
③The way that/which_came_up at the meeting was unpractical.
在会议上提出的方法不切合实际。
④Is this the way you can imagine to_reduce/of_reducing the air pollution?
这是你能想到的减少空气污染的方法吗？
高频考点四 语法
现在进行时的被动语态
1.含义
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。
2.结构
（1）肯定式：主语＋am/is/are＋being done
They are building a modern school in his hometown.
①A modern school is being built in his hometown.
(改为被动语态)
（2）否定式：主语＋am/is/are＋not being done
②A modern school is not being built in his hometown.
(把①句改为否定句)
（3）一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are(not)＋主语＋being done?
③Is a modern school being built in his hometown?
(把①句改为一般疑问句)
（4）特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋am/is/are(not)＋主语＋being done?
④Where is a modern school being built?
(对①句就in his hometown进行提问)
【2018·全国II】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Two weeks earlier. my son . Ben ,had got in touch , he’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d ___41___ seen him . So imagine my ___42___
I was ___43___ ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to ___44___ . The bay was ___45___ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little ___46___ .I realized one kayak（皮划艇）was in ___47___ . “Something’s not ___48___ !” I took off my T-shirt and ___49___ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was ___50___ violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors . I helped ___51___ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something ___52___ to me. Those brown eyes were very ___53___ . “What’s his name ?” I asked the instructor. “Ben,” he replied, and immediately I ___54___ . That stranger was my son!
The instructors called for an ambulance.___55___ ,after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to ___56___ and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben ___57___ to me. “I just want to say thank you,” he said, “You ___58___ my life !”
I still can’t believe what a ___59___ it was. I’m just so glad I was there ___60___ to help my son.
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. A 56. D 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者13年后和儿子见面的情景。在和儿子见面的地点，作者救了一个年轻人，没有想到的是，年轻人竟然是自己13年未见的儿子。
41. 考查副词词义辨析。根据空前句中可知，儿子在三岁的时候离开，到现在已经13年了。由此可以暗示出是上一次见面。A. also也；B. often经常；C. even甚至；D. last上一次，故选D项切题。
43. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据第一段可知，作者13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子要来拜访自己的电子邮件，肯定是欣喜若狂。A. scared惊恐的；B. shocked震惊的；C. thrilled欣喜若狂的；D. ashamed惭愧的。故选C项切题。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。根据空前可知，我很早就到了拜伦湾，我们应该在那里见
面。A. talk谈话；B. stay停留； C. meet见面；D. settle解决。故选C项切题。
45. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，早晨海湾应该是沐浴在阳光里。A. bathed沐浴；B. clean清扫；C. deep深处；D. formed形成。故选A项切题。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识和下文儿子出现意外情况可知，只有是离的比较近一点，才能意识到一只皮划艇出现意外。A. faster迅速的；B. closer靠近，逼近(其他船只等)；C. heavier重的，沉重的；D. wiser有智慧的；聪明的。故选B项切题。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文儿子出现意外情况可知，一只皮筏艇处于麻烦之中。A. trouble麻烦，困难；B. advance前进，进展；C. question问题，疑问；D. battle战斗，战役。故选A项切题。
48. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据上句皮划艇处于麻烦之中可知，某件事不正常。A. real真实的；B. right正确的，正常的；C. fair公平的；D. fit合适的。故选B项切题。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文皮划艇有麻烦和下文我去帮忙救人可知，我脱掉我的T恤衫，跳入水中。A. stared盯着看，目不转睛地看，凝视；B. sank下沉，沉没；C. dived潜水，跳水；D. fell打倒；击倒。故选C项切题。
50. 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文a man lying across the middle和下文He was unconscious可知，应该是剧烈的颤抖、摇动。A. arguing争论，辩论；B. fighting打架；C. shouting呼喊；D. shaking摇动。故选D项切题。
53. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文，“What’s his name?”可知，他棕色的眼睛对我来说是很熟悉的。A. sharp锐利的；锋利的；B. pleasant愉快的，快乐的，舒适的；C. attractive有吸引力的；引人注目的；D. familiar亲密的，熟悉的。故选D项切题。
54. 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“That stranger was my son”可知，我马上就知道。A. agreed同意，赞成，承认，答应；B. hesitated犹豫，踌躇；C. doubted怀疑；疑惑；D. knew知道，了解。故选D项切题。
55. 考查副词词义辨析。根据空后句子可知，应该是幸运地。A. Fortunately幸运地，侥幸地；B. Frankly率直地，坦白地，真诚地；C. Sadly悲哀地，悲伤地；D. Suddenly突然地，忽然地；故选A项切题。
56. 考查动词词义辨析。根据空前was well enough可知，应该是被允许出院。A. return返回；报答；B. relax放松，休息；C. speak说；D. leave离开。故选D项切题。
57. 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“I just want to say thank you”可知，Ben转向我向我说谢谢。A. joked开玩笑；B. turned转向；C. listened听；D. pointed指出。故选B项切题。
58. 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I helped carry the man out of the water”可知，应该是挽救了我的生命。A. created创造；创作；B. honored尊敬；尊重；给与荣誉；C. saved救，拯救；D. guided指导，指挥；故选C项切题。
59. 考查名词词义辨析。我没有想到这是多么巧合的一件事呀!A. coincidence巧合，巧事；B. change改变，变更，变换；C. pity怜悯，同情；D. pain疼痛；痛苦。故选A项切题。
60. 考查介词词组词义辨析。我高兴的是我在那儿及时帮助了我的儿子。A. on board在船上；B. in time及时；C. for sure肯定；D. on purpose目的。故选B项切题。
14.【2017·卷】B
Inspiring young minds!
Sounds too good to be true?
Happy Birthday All Year!
SUBSCRIBE NOW
□Annual Subscription
Europe £55 Rest of World £65
□Annual Subscription with Gift Pack
Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription
Europe £60 Rest of World £70
Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.
59. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine?
A. It entertains young parents.
B. It provides serious advertisements.
C. It publishes popular science fictions.
60. What does TOKNOW offer its readers?
A. Online courses.
B. Articles on new topics.
C. Lectures on a balanced life.
D. Reports on scientific discoveries.
61. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?
A. £55. B. £60. C. £65. D. £70.
62. Subscribers of TOKNOW would get .
A. free birthday presents
B. full refund within 28 days
C. membership of the TOKNOW club
D. chances to meet the experts in person
【解析】试题分析：文章介绍了一本杂志TOKNOW Magazine。
59．细节理解题。根据第一个方框内可知TOKNOW杂志让那些复杂的观点变得非常的有吸引力并且孩子们可以接受，有吸引力的东西肯定有趣，故可知答案为D。
61.细节理解题。根据Annual Subscription with Gift Pack所在部Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription Europe £60 Rest of World £70，属于Rest of World，故是£70，答案为D。
62.细节理解题。根据最后一句话Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.可知订阅可在28天内取消，且全额退款，故答案为B。
【考点】广告类文章阅读
15.【2017·卷】C
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
63．The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D．information about measles spreads quickly
64．Herd immunity works well when ____________.
A．exemptions are allowed
B．several vaccines are used together
C．the whole neighborhood is involved in
D．new regulations are added to the state laws
A．The overuse of vaccine.
B．The lack of medical care.
C．The features of measles itself.
D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
66．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce the idea of exemption.
B．To discuss methods to cure measles.
C．To stress the importance of vaccination.
D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
【答案】63 A 64 C 65 D 66 C
【解析】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及解释了为什么会发生这样的情况。
64.细节理解题。根据第三段But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.可知只有群体中所有人都参与进来了群体免疫才会有用，因此答案选C。
66.态度意图题。本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。
【考点】医学疾病类文章阅读
16.【2017·卷】D
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy human’s real desires
D. work faster than a mathematician
68. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .
A. prevent themselves from being destroyed
B achieve their original goals independently
C. do anything successfully with given orders
D. beat humans in international chess matches
69. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .
A. help super intelligent machines work better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines from being harmed
D. avoid robots’ affecting the world
70. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the development of AI.
B. It will get worse with human interference.
C. It will be solved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay for a decade.
【答案】67 A 68 A 69 D 70 C
【解析】本文主要介绍了人工智能，它会给我们的生活带来什么样的影响。
68.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.可知，原因是保护它自己的存在的一种愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选A。
69．推理判断题。根据第三段using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，故选D。
故选C。
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