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发布时间：2023-11-07 01:34:06 来源：文档文库

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WeAreAllCollectivistsandWeAreAllIndividualistsSpeechattheForumofAmerican/ChineseExchangeatStanford,Beijing,March26,2015HuangBikangProfessoroftheSchoolofForeignLanguagesPekingUniversity,ChinaDeardelegatesoftheFACES,ItismypleasuretobeinvitedasamoderatortothisFACESforum.ItiswonderfultoseealltheseintelligentfacescomingfromsomeprestigiousuniversitiesofboththeUnitedStatesandofthiscountry.Youassembledhere,mydearfriends,onPKUcampusinagoodseasonoftheyearwhen,afteralongsnowlesswinterhereinBeijing,theearlyspringiswakingalllivesinnature,makingeachoftheindividuallifesmileforacollectivecelebrationoftherenewalofexuberancesandfruitfulness.Allowmethentotakethisopportunitytoextendourtopicalittletoinitiatemoremeaningfuldiscussionsandpresentationsyoushallshortlycontributetoourseminarthisafternoon.
Whatisculturalcollectivism,andindividualism?Tomethisisfalseinquiryintosomenonexistentcategories,theworstofouracademicideologyimbibedinthesophisticaleffortsformetaphysicalcertaintyinthisever-changingworld.Weliveintheculturewhich,forRaymondWilliams,is“awholewayoflife”.Asmanisa“socialbeing”,toquoteKarlMarx,societyisboundtobeadynamicsofhumanrelationship.Beinginlifepresupposesnotaunifyingwholenessbutadiversifyingprobability.Weliveupwithchangesandmultiplicity.Thisdiversifieddynamicsofhumansocietyhasitspoliticalmanifestation.LetmesharewithyoumypoliticalobservationintheUS.Latein2003,IwasonUCIrvinecampusasaFulbrightresearchscholar.Thatwasmyfirstandonlyvisittothatcountry.ItwasthetimeofthePresidentialcampaign.GeorgeW.BushandJohnKerrywereatthefrontstage.Oncampusoneday,largecrowedoffacultyandstudentsgatheredtocheerforapowerfulspeakercheeringforKerry.Inthemeantime,IobservedChinesegraduatespassingby,uninterested,headinghurriedlyforthelaboratory.Iunderstoodwell,thatafterall,dissertationsandPh.Ddegreesweretheonlysurethingsthey,asindividuals,pursueforinAmerica.Atthesametime,IrealizedthatAmericanpoliticalzealwasasureexpressionofcollectivestrivesonthepartofboththeRepublicanandDemocraticParty,tobringapoliticallyqualifiedindividualtopresidencythatoftendecreesinthenameofcollectiveinterests.Aweekago,astudentapproachedmeinclassandsaid,“Tomyunderstanding,sir,JeffersoniandemocracyadvocatingforindividualfreedominthepursuitofhappinessistheveryideologicalevidencetoshowthatAmericaisbasicallyanindividualisticcountry.”Ifeltasortofprideofbeinghistutor.AndthenIsaidtomyself,“IfonlycouldAlexanderHamiltonrisefromhisuntimely

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