初中不定式和动名词
一、动词不定式：构成：to + 动词原形 （to只是不定式符号，没有意义）
1.动词不定式作主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末
It + is/was+形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式
To learn English well is useful. = It’s useful to learn English well. 学好英语是有用的。
To protect environment is important for us.
= It’s important for us to protect environment. 对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。
2. It is / was + kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. + 动词不定式
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真的太聪明啦。
3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (做某事花费某人…时间)
4. 常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有：
agree 同意, begin 开始, choose 选择, dare 敢, decide 决定,
expect 期望, forget 忘记, hate 憎恨, hope 希望, learn 学会,
like 喜欢, love 喜爱, need 必要, offer 提供, prefer 宁愿,
promise保证, refuse 拒绝, remember 记得, start 开始, try 设法,
want 想要, wish 希望, would like想要
5. 主语+ find / think + it +形容词 + (for sb.) + to do
I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语和容易的。
He felt it hard to sleep. 他觉得很难入睡。
I think it very interesting to learn English. 我认为学英语很有趣。
We found it impossible to cross the river. 我们发现过河是不可能的。
6. 下列动词跟动词不定式充当宾语补助语：
want 想要, wish 希望, ask 问, tell 告诉, order 命令,
beg 乞求, help 帮助, advise 建议, allow 允许, prepare 准备,
call 叫, wait for 等待, invite 邀请
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答
The room is comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服
He is easy to get along with. 他很容易相处
I’m glad to see you again. 很高兴再次见到你
She told me to buy a ticket. 她让我去买张票
7. help 后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to
The teachers helped the students (to) learn English well. 那些老师帮助学生学好英语。
He often helps his mother (to) tidy up the room. 他经常帮助他妈妈整理房间。
8. 不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等
Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。
My dream is to be a teacher. 我的梦想是当一名教师。
9. 不定式作状语的用法
He worked day and night to get the money. （表目的）他日夜工作来赚钱。
He is too young to go to school. （表结果）他太小以致不能上学。
They were very sad to hear the news. （表原因）听到这个消息他们非常伤心。
The question is simple for him to answer.（表程度）这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。
10. 动词不定式省to的情况
A. 一感feel ,二听 hear, listen to ,三使have, let, make, 四看see, watch, look at, notice
B. 不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式, 则后接不带 to 的不定式。
What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？
He does nothing but watch TV every day. 他每天除了看电视，什么也不做。
I have no choice but accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实我别无选择。
C. would rather…than, rather than 等结构的than之后用不带to的动词不定式。
He would go back to his work rather than stay in hospital.
I would prefer to stay here rather than go there.
D. had better 后不接to
11. 不定式的否定式是在不定式前加not
They told us not to play basketball too long.
You had better not go to bed late.
12. 动词不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which, when, how, where(why除外)等连用，构成不定式短语。
Can you tell me how to get to the post office?
I didn’t know what to do next.
How to learn English well is the question that we all want to ask.
The question is when to get there.
二、动名词 （动词+ing）作用相当于名词
1. Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。
a washing machine 洗衣机， a reading room 阅览室
2. 下列动词只能接动名词（即动词+ing）
enjoy doing sth, 喜欢做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事,
practice doing sth 练习做某事 finish doing sth 做完某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事 keep doing sth 坚持做某事
be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 spend…(in) doing sth 花费时间做某事
have fun doing sth 尽情做某事 have a good time doing sth 做某事很快乐 prefer doing sth to doing sth 与…相比更喜欢做某事
can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事
look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
三、不定式与动名词的比较
1．有些动词后面既可接不定式，也可接动名词，意义不变。如：
begin 开始, start开始, hate 憎恨, like喜欢, love喜爱
2．有些动词后接不定式或名词时，意义差别较大
1）stop doing sth 记得作过某事（某事已做过）
stop to so sth记住去做某事（某事还没做）
2）forget doing sth 忘了作过某事（某事已做过）
forget to do sth 忘了去做某事（某事还没做）
3）try to do sth 尽力去做某事
try doing sth 试一试，试试看
4）go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一动作）
go on to do sth 继续去做某事（不同的事）
5）stop doing sth 把某事停下来
stop to do sth停下（手中事）去做另外的事
非谓语动词（不定式和动名词）专练
（ ）1. Mother told her son in the street.
A. not play B. to not play C. doesn’t play D. not to play
( ) 2. His wish was a scientist.
A. to becomes B. becomes C. become D. to become
( ) 3. It’s raining hard. You’d better .
A. go out B. not go out C. not to go out D. to not out
( ) 4. Do you know washing machine?
A. where to get B. to where to get C. where get D. to where get
( ) 5. The students don’t know next.
A. how to B. what to do C. what do D. do what
( ) 6. Would you mind me how English words?
A. telling , to remember B. telling, remember
C. tell, to remember D. tell, remember
( ) 7. Mr. Brown asked us to stop , and we stopped him at once.
A. talking, to listen to B. to talk, to listen
C. talking, listening D. talk, listen
( ) 8. What are you going to be after you finish college?
I’m going to be a singer, but my parents me to be a doctor.
A. hope B. want C. make D. let
( ) 9. I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang’s home just now.
Yes , she is often seen the old man with his housework.
A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped
( ) 10. Do you need to get there before ten? No, I .
A. don’t have to B. don’t need C. can’t D. mustn’t
( ) 12. After she finished the letter, she went to bed.
A. to write B. writing C. written D. wrote
( ) 13. It was very late at night, he still went on .
A. works B. worked C. working D. work
( ) 14. Have you finish the book?
Not yet. I’ll try it to you before Friday.
A. reading, returning, B. to read, to return C. reading, to return, D. to read, returning
( ) 15. The old man is strong enough. He prefers to .
A. walking, riding B. walk, ride C. to walk, ride D. walking, ride
( ) 16. I have quite a few people .
A. take care of B. to take care of C. to take care D. take care
( ) 17. I usually forget the door, but I remembered it when I left yesterday.
A. closing, closing B. to close, to close C. to close, closing D. closing, to close
( ) 18. I’m made thirsty by the strange thing.
A. feel B. feeling C. to feel D. felt
( ) 19. Would you please ?
A. not go there B. to go there C. going there D. not to go there
( ) 20. I’m sorry your friend is ill.
A. hear B. to hear C. listen D. to listen
( ) 21. Will you please tell John to come to my office? .
A. Yes, I do B. I’ll be glad C. Thank you D. I’ll be glad to
( ) 22. Have you read the book? It’s worth .
A. read B. to read C. reading D. to reading
( ) 23. This box is too heavy for the child .
A. to carry it B. to carry C. carrying D. carrying it
( ) 24. The young man is old enough the army.
A. join B. joining C. to join D. joins
( ) 25. The flowers need .
A. watering B. to water C. water D. watered
( ) 27. Have you finished the work?
Not yet, but no matter how hard it is, we’ll keep until we make it.
A. failed B. trying C. tried D. falling
( ) 28. Do you want to eat something?
. thanks. I am feeling sick now. I don’t feel like .
A. Yes, eating something B. No, to eat anything
C. Yes, to eat anything D. No, eating anything
( ) 29. Do you still remember me something in Shanghai?
Yes, of course. Two years ago.
A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw
( ) 30. It took us a long time Hawaii but we thought the journey was enjoyable.
A. to get B. getting C. to reach D. reaching
( ) 31. It’s important the piano well.
A. of him to play B. for him to play C. of him playing D. for him playing
( ) 32. Good manners usually help people to each other.
A. get on well with B. get started C. get together D. get ready
( ) 33. Our teacher always tell us more English in and out of class.
A. speak B. spoken C. to speak D. speaking
( ) 34. My mother often asks me early.
A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up
( ) 35. Shopping with me? Sorry, I have a lot of clothes .
A. to wash B. washed C. wash D. to be washed
( ) 36. She needs some paper to .
A. write B. write in C. write with D. write on
( ) 37. Listening! Can you hear a baby ?
A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cries
( ) 38. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer TV or listen to music rather than newspapers.
A. watching, read B. watching, to read C. to watch, read D. to watch, reading
( ) 40. Will you go shopping together with us this Saturday, Jenny? Yes. .
A. I do B. I’d like to C. I’d love to do D. I’m busy
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