动词的时态

动词的时态和语态（导学案）

【高考导航】

1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、 过去将来时、一般将来时等

2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中主从句时态呼应问题。

3、及物动词（vt.)的被动语态。

4、、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。

Leading in

The Father and His Son
Father: You know, Tom, when Lincoln ___(be) your age, he ___(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he ___(be) the best pupil in his class.

Tom: Yes, Father. I ____ (know) that. But when he ____(be) your age, he____ (be) President of the United States.

(music)My love - Westlife

An empty street an empty house a hole inside my heart I'm all alone and the rooms are getting smaller I wonder how I wonder why I wonder where they are The days we had the songs we sang together Oh yeah

And oh my love I'm holding on forever Reaching for a love that seems so far

So I say a little prayer And hope my dreams will take me there

Where the skies are blue to see you once again my love

Over seas and coast to coast To find a place I love the most

Where the fields are green to see you once again

My love

My love

他昨天来了. He came yesterday.

他已经来了. He has come.

他明天来. He will come tomorrow.

汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.

Thinking and discussing

How many tenses of verbs we have learned ?

Time line

word/media/image1_1.pngword/media/image1_1.pngword/media/image1_1.pngword/media/image2_1.png

Past now future

一般过去时 一般现在时 一般将来时

过去进行时 现在进行时

过去将来时 现在完成时

过去完成时

动词时态以do为例的谓语形式

一般现在常考用法

1.经常/规律

（新课标I卷）As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis.

2.情感态度看法（know think like hate agree）

----I s Anny coming tomorrow? -----I don’t know.

3.一般现在时表将来

(高考湖南卷) If nothing is done ,the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

一般过去时常考用法举例

1.一次性发生/曾经

（新课标I卷） Nearly five years ago, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes.

2.过去经常 In those days ,you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies.

3. 过去代将来

（高考山东卷）They made up their mind that they would buy a new house once Larry changed jobs.

2. 一般现在&一般过去在语法填空中

一般现在时常考：经常发生 情感态度；一般过去时常考：发生在过去。

新课标II卷

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed…I got a place next to the window… A boy on a bike___ (catch) my attention.

（高考广东卷）

Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. 1. In these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 2. to help (help) it grow”,

……. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.

方法提升

寻找标志词，找准参照时态

1、一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词often, sometimes, usually , every…, always , at times, on Sundays, occasionally, seldom, now and then, 等连用。

2、表示不受时间限制的科学事实、格言警句或客观真理。

3、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来，

主句用一般将来时。Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will take place.

4、表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态, 一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与时间状语连用．如：

The plane 1175 takes off at 2:00 tomorrow afternoon.

高考湖南卷

Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ___ us. A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered

高考上海卷

More than a dozen students in that school ___ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent

1、一般过去时表示在过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time， in those days, once upon a time, in the past等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。

易混易错

高考重庆卷

You’d better write down her phone number before you __ it.

A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget

-—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?

—I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.

A．stayed B．stay C．had stayed D．am staying

若无明显时态标志词，相邻关系句是时态参照系，或参照客观事实

So what is the procedure? 
--- All the applicants ______ before a final decision is made by the authority. 
A. interviewed B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed

—Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya?

—Who _______ it?

A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written

二、现在进行时与过去进行时

现在进行时与过去进行时的异同对比

高考全国II卷）

　　If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day.  A. rained       B. rains       C. has rained     D. was raining

— Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?

— Sorry. _____.

A. It' s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It's being repaired D. It had been repaired

方法提升

如果动作现在正在进行(此时此刻)，用现在进行时；如果“过去某一个时间”在进行，则用过去进行时；如果动作是现阶段在持续，用现在进行时；如果“过去”某阶段在持续，则用过去进行时。

如果翻译成“一直在做”，用完成进行时，此时句子中常含有since, “all+时间段”之类。since和现在完成、现在完成进行时合作。

高考江苏卷

－I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.

－I think so. He ___ for it for months.

A． is preparing B．was preparing

C．had been preparing D．has been preparing‘现在完成时与过去完成时

三、现在完成时与过去完成时的异同对比

’Progress _____ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be

1) 标志词：so far 2) 已取得很好的进展，是行为的累加结果

3) 截止时间是“are sure”，故用现在完成时。

Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______.

A. will expect B. are expecting C. expect D. had expected

易混淆．现在完成时与一般过去时易混

窍门：现在完成截止时间点是“现在”； 一般过去时只说明动作在过去已结束了；现在完成时与过去完成时易混淆 现在完成时对比时间是现在，过去完成时对比时间是过去。

and连接并列谓语（相同时态）； 过去完成又名“过去的过去”，had stayed只能发生在went之前，这可能吗？

I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.

A. startedB. was starting C. would start D. had started

完成时特别要注意：完成时判断要点共两个： 1 ）完成（结果累加）

　 Ⅰ.单句语法填空

【真题演练】语法填空

1、（ 2016课标卷1 ）So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.

2、（ 2016课标卷2 ）Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.

3、（ 2016课标卷3 ） Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.

4、（ 2016四川卷）The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world….

However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother (drive)the young panda away.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1、（2016课标Ⅰ）It is always crowded with customers at

meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. Every day

he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using

for cooking.

2、（2016新课标2） Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby .I thought that it is a good idea.

3、 （2016新课标3） However, my parents didn’t seem to think such . They always tell me what to do and how to do it.

语篇填空、

I _____________ (have) dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony _______ (work) in a lawyer's office years ago, but he ____________ (work) at a bank now. He ______ (get) a good salary, but he always (borrow) money from his friends and never ______ (pay) it back. Tony _____ (see) me and _____ (come) and ____ (sit) at the same table. He ___ never _________ (borrow) money from me. While he __________ (eat), I _____ (ask) him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he _____ (give) me the money immediately. 'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'

How is your daily life as a high school student?

I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families.

How did you spend your childhood?

I _______ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always ________(fly) kites together and we _______ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _______ (be) happy at that time.

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