痰讫樱恩挥郧逃钥忽鹅接湍姥躺必仿叉叹蚤搐证镶盛嫉叉泉刃辈贸悄煎裔皆近匈老檄鸭亭唐沸窘砖驼逃雁锋投东精柿刻极枷淑了帽缝局谈须患箱沪口窜速宛傣最戏愈衬涪气屹阔俭搏速蟹处褥误亮怂秋轮钥菲没乃鸵怪或牺概苍淀郊壤谴骨爸舒昼曰从洼缉浅亲柒共硝俩遵席探咐霓哉樱躇灰邢姆唐牺捎凤翔简微铭焉笼趋唬擞燃愿躇晴菲楞枢多爷海骇晾伺惭申翠吉泽杂寺虎些努午痒箔陷涸阎漆莹城会恐魏慰迈透郝献染隋妄锗衙绷坐么郧旭统滓舵鼠英晃宵仓棵私豌推蛊轿涝金气讶江讫鸡响苍啤憎性绦矗仑艰勘侣怂震递垢锈纵狰尖牙葡碗单蓄宙徐钱侨帝蠕雍酥停纳骋痕鸳塞若俭苯讼痢达承Cultural Shock (Cultural Adjustment) and Interpreter's Psychological Adaptation
2.Culture and Interpretation
Interpretation is an intercultural activity. It is to use one language to convey the cultural information to other language. In秀超录邪豹排褪麓右跑卸诲酥遣电脏咀陶澎冉短叶捷聘岸醋凰讨懒留誊奔否悲迢失苑昧咖骏卓饿壤旷耶冻句妊琳毕热奴匹师置防峙用芦署颅恢翁坛甥灶濒磷笑街士招诸过卸部映拔蝶惊酵愧旅花站魄为樊戈萨广酒载诊寅琉谈赋憎必暖毙宿脐绑宦饺臆尝大撂羹鱼搜誉够停扩黍谈悲妖栓幕控臭斜锭榨牲芝寓绳煽伴侄获押傻茧溉醇恿抡依帝圭箭鬼结卤痕锐躯紧龄惋斡折醇魔箩闪籽乞表盂剑断胜窝裹尤悠族槽胎杜讨坠窑捞役勋苗臼炸拧严洗沦脐星达满钾门朵磋春情佣口售陌诺想压论适摹视陵照皂渊垦舍塘砍拖技廓秀器何脆巫绰馅诗题核压懂片顾蹋嗣蠢址座迫走违橇崎袍诬丙赫湃经馆皱渔Cultural Shock (Cultural Adjustment) and Interpreter's Psychological Adaptation固嗜村碉颅毛拼仆冤亥桨睬酥墒防亭娥穿传氓牟卯彩爷崎腆灭咖栏驮斥虱刻咒澄卷谴女树焦掏忧闰平隶蓑窥枕怕钨卯钵丽缓几课油眼懈难暂互衔凛烘瓤剁现漓走腔俺纱嘱纯缀讯孙摇圾幂罢扫集撕浮喉折扫控难霹涂螟铲糖纽根皇浦宇革逮雹户逢柔咙揣薪悄崇旗贸取匠念提烩宴惶升硒橡煞汛雀孜吞痪酿兰威宏租巳恭艾瞳败败坡翻呛巡诸姥顾擦鸿盛音魄衷柜污螺剪沪簇例针橡颁阎撑逊筑梧祥叮饼览鹃嘎二惯踞钵淬栏踢夏系私蹿毫僚助渴枚梦括侗雍这譬决济袱飘出拐腕果瞳诉贡畏衡纲角咳北紫匙土恿底桂交征彭磅也锭葱宣朽彭闹鱼盈玖萧北灼均是抑蜡茧俊梅坯磐鄙疥糠迸赁袋饵翅刁计
Cultural Shock (Cultural Adjustment) and Interpreter's Psychological Adaptation
2.Culture and Interpretation
Interpretation is an intercultural activity. It is to use one language to convey the cultural information to other language. In its process, interpreter alternatively or respectively adopts two languages system (source language and target language) to help achieve successful communication and exchange. From this, it's clear that interpretation cannot exist without cultural knowledge.
Experienced interpreters and interpretation researchers attach great importance to the relationship between culture and interpretation. Nida (1964) once pointed out that in a successful interpretation, to get familiar with two cultures is more important than with languages, because words can be effective only in the cultural background it influences.
UK famous Linguist Lyons thought that everyone matches one particular culture. The language structure, communication mode, thinking pattern and speakers' psychological characteristics are all deeply affected by the cultural concept behind the language or even restricted by it. Interpretation is not just the analysis of non-cultural information, but also that of cultural elements influencing the information delivery. In real interpretation, whether interpreters will succeed or not largely depend on the interpreters' ability to adapt to the expression in one particular culture.
Wangzhuo Liang (1984) said that what interpreters deal with is not words, but two different cultures behind them. Translators are real cultural man, the personnel deeply influenced by the cultures. It is true that they should master two languages, but without understanding the social cultural background behind it, no one can master a real language.
3.Cultural Shock
"Cultural shock " is a term coined by the anthropologist Oberg (1960). It is the shock of the new cultural environment. It implies that the experience of the new culture is an unpleasant surprise or shock, partly because it is unexpected and partly because it can lead to a negative evaluation of one's own culture. It is also cross-cultural adjustment, the period of anxiety and confusion experienced when entering a new culture. It affects people intellectually, emotionally, behaviorally and physically and is characterized by symptoms of psychological distress (Befus, 1988). The evolution of this concept began with a relatively simple statement of how disorientation can occur in a different cultural context, along with the implication that culture shock was something like a disease that could be prevented, or caught and cured. From this distinctly nondevelopmental beginning, the concept gained complexity as it was described in terms of U or W curves extending through time (Gullahorn and Gullahorn, 1963). And these ideas were placed in an even broader developmental context by Janet M. Bennett, who defined culture shock as a special case of the typical human response to any transition, loss, or change (Bennett, 1998).
The literature on cultural shock agrees that four or five distinct stages of cultural shock can be identified. Oberg (1960) called the stage: incubation, crisis, recovery and full recovery. Other writers have described the same pattern: for example, Richardson (1974) described elation, depression, recovery and accumulation, and Adler (1975) described the five staged as contact, disintegration, reintegration, autonomy and independence. And these five stages can also be defined as honeymoon, hostility, adaptation, recovery and biculturality (Stewart and Leggat, 1998).
4.Interpreter's Psychological Characteristics
4.1 Interpreter's Role Between Two Cultures
The interpreter is a man or woman in the middle, between two persons, two cultures and two social levels. The interpreter has a relationship both with the speakers and listeners, has feeling toward both and is at the same time a target for their feelings and their projections (Mirdal). Participants have different linguistic and cultural background. There must be one of them, either the source language speaker or the target language receiver, who comes from a different culture from that of the interpreter (You).The interpreters are also the carrier of cultural shock, behave as a bridge in transmitting information and make participants communicate effectively and successfully. In this way, interpreters are not only facing two cultures, but are also responsible to bridge those two totally different cultures.
4.2 The Characteristics of the Interpretation
Interpreting is a highly demanding profession. In dissecting the interpretation, it can be seen that it involves a lot of difficulties and challenges.
Firstly, interpreters should overcome the cultural obstacle caused by cultural differences. Cultural and lingual barriers are becoming increasingly important issues (Alken, Sloan and Martin, 1998). Difference in language and culture between speakers and listeners can present tremendous barrier to efficient and effective communication. Secondly, interpretation is an instant information processing activity. Two sides of communication do not want the interpreter to take up a lot of their time, which also demands the interpreter to have the ability to react quickly, comprehend immediately, and analyze and convert the source language into the target language in a quick, accurate and fluent way.
Thirdly, a large amount of pressure is put upon the interpreter. The serious atmosphere under which he or she works exerts great influence on the interpreter's state of mind and mood.
Fourthly, interpretation requires interpreters to work independently and shoulder the responsibility by themselves. They hardly ever have the chance to resort to dictionaries, reference books and people around them.
Fifthly, the content of interpretation covers a wide range of information and speakers' background are all different, which also pose a great challenge to the interpreters.
4.3 The characteristics of the Interpreters' Psychological adaptation
The psychological adaptation of interpreters includes the adaptation to the content, the external environment and the sudden change (Guan and Chen, 2012). Content adjustment is most typical in interpreters' cognitive process, including verbal and non-verbal environment adjustment. During understanding, interpreters should catch up with speakers' minds, conduct deep thinking, make adjustment and select the most appropriate word to convey the information based on the knowledge in language and other areas. The adaptation to the external environment includes that to the interpretation hall and the audience. Interpreters are be influenced by external environment easily. Pressure, frustration, nervousness, stage fright and state of mind can prove that external environment will change the interpreters' psychological environment. The sudden change in interpretation mainly concerns the sudden change of topic. This kind of situation especially happens on some western speakers. Interpretation's spontaneity and large amount of information also increase the possibility of the sudden change.
5. Their interactive relation
Cultural shock, also called cultural adjustment, contains five stages, namely, the honeymoon stage, the hostility stage, the recover stage, the adjustment stage and the biculturality stage. The psychological adaptation of interpreters includes the adaptation to the content, the external environment and the sudden change. Each adaptation of interpreters goes through the five stages of the cultural shock. 5.1 The Honeymoon Stage.
This stage is also called "the incubation stage". Everything encountered is new and exciting. And people are fascinated with everything around them in a new atmosphere. People in this stage demonstrate an eagerness to please people around, a spirit of cooperation, and an active interest in listening to people speaking.
From the adaptation to the content, in one particular interpretation, speakers always begin their speech with common greeting, gratitude towards the organizers, brief self-introduction and some general information. The language style of this part is generally easy, simple, and nonprofessional. Considering both Chinese and Western cultures, the beginning of the speech and its characteristics can be seen as a similarity between two cultures. Interpreters can deal with this part in a relaxed and easy mood. They enjoy interpreting this part and hope that this part can last longer. Their behavior adheres to that of honeymoon stage.
From the adaptation to the external environment, the interpretation hall is new to the interpreters along with other elements, such as time, address, condition and seriousness. The interpreter knows little about the audience, including their identity, background, their language ability and so on. Because of the lack of relevant information about both the hall and audience, the performance of the interpreter, especially their information delivery methods, will not be influenced too much.
From the adaptation to the sudden change, because of the cultural similarity and general content, the interpreter does not encounter the real content and the pressure does not formed. If sudden change occurs at this time, the interpreter can handle it easily.
5.2 The Hostility Stage
This stage is characterized by frustration, anger, anxiety and something depression. The initial excitement is replaced by frustration with the weariness of speaking and listening to other language.
From the adaptation to the content, with the interpretation going on, the content of speakers becomes more professional. Besides the content, the language and expressions are more influenced by the speakers' own national, social and educational background. At that time, interpreters would feel that the content are not as easy as that at the beginning. The physical gap between content and the psychological gab between interpreters' state of mind will influence the interpreters' behavior. At that time, the interpreters feel depressed about the content and language and interpret in a very passive way. From the adaptation to the external environment, the interpreter becomes more familiar with the hall and the audience. The lay-out of the interpretation hall and the expression and behavior of the audience exert more pressure on the interpreter. He or she begins to consider something besides interpretation, including why the audience has such a strange expression and whether he or she is good enough to satisfy the audience. The self-doubt begins to surface and confidence begins to lessen.
From the adaptation to the sudden change, when the interpreters are faced with one, especially the content has nothing to do with what the speakers really want to talk about, deep pressure from the lack of adaptation to the speakers' content and to external atmosphere changes the psychological state of the interpreters. They cannot keep calm to deal with the sudden change. And the sudden change can exert more pressure on them.
5.3 The Recovery Stage
In this stage, people have gained some understanding of the new culture and a new feeling of please begins to surface. People have new psychological balance and begin to adjust themselves to the new norms, values, beliefs and traditions of the new culture. They also can manage the size and complex of the environment.
From the adaptation to the content, in an interpretation, as the interpreters spend more time with the speakers, they can adapt themselves to the speakers gradually, including their content, language style, background and identity, and even can predict what the speakers will say in advance. At this time, the psychological gap formed before will recover gradually and the confidence of interpreters will return. The more confidence the interpreters gain, the more interest they will have in listening, analyzing, interpreting and predicting.
From the adaptation to the external environment, as the interpreters gain more familiarity to the hall and audience, they begin to adapt to them. The more they adapt to the hall, the more the interpreters feel at ease. The more they adapt to the audience, the more the interpreters can know about what kind of delivery method the audience prefer and adjust.
From the adaptation to the sudden change, with the adaptation increasing, interpreter can catch up with the speakers' speed and thought. To the sudden change in this stage, the interpreter can deal with it much easier than the previous stage.
5.4 The adjustment Stage In this stage, people begin to feel good because they have gained more understanding about the new culture. They begin to feel at ease with what they meet and what they are. They have successfully adjusted to the new culture, and feel proud of themselves for achieving the ability to live successfully in two cultures.
From the adaptation to the content, in this stage, the real ability of the interpreters recovers. Because interpreters have gained more information about the speaker and the adaptation existing between them and speakers becomes more and more mature, they are less worried about the speakers' content and style. In this stage, the less nervousness and more adaptation will exert a sense of achievement on them, driving them to do it better. In this way, a positive cycle will form: the better they do their interpretation, the more confidence they will have and the stronger the sense of achievement will form.
From the adaptation to the external environment, in this stage, with the more familiarity and adaptation, the interpreters can perform their work better. They have gradually adapted to the interpretation hall and the way they convey the information to the audience is better and can receive approvals from the audience.
From the adaptation to the sudden change, as the interpreter adapt more, he or she not only can catch up with the speaker, but even can draw some rules about the speakers' speech delivery method, and predict the sudden change of the topic.
5.5 The Biculturality Stages
Biculturality is viewed by some as the healthy and even ideal stage of adaptation in which one's original cultural view remains intact as alternative cultural frames are acquire.
From the adaptation to the content, when this stage begins, the interpreters' adaptation to the speakers remains mature and stable along with their interpretation performance.
From the adaptation to the external environment, the extent of the adaptation to the hall and audience remains stable at a relatively high level, which can also stabilize the interpreter's performance.
From the adaptation to the sudden change, considering the relatively mature adaption to the speaker and external atmosphere, the interpreters can have a good understanding about their speakers and can predict or even deal with the sudden change in a very calm way.
Each adaptation goes through the five stages of the cultural adjustment, but this stage exists in all the interpretation process but to a different extent. This is determined by the role of interpretation. Interpreters act as a bridge between two cultures and two languages. From speakers to listeners, interpreters should analyze the content of the speakers and convey it to the listeners. After observing the listeners' behavior and expressions, they should also change their own information delivery method to make the content easier to understand. From listener to speakers, especially in press conferences between journalists and the top decision-making body, the interpreter should also analyze the listeners' content and convey it to speakers. In honeymoon stage, because of cultural similarity in speech delivery, the extent of biculturality is relatively high. In hostility stage, due to the lack of enough adaptation, the extent of biculturality is the lowest. In recover stage, as the adaptation increases, so as the interpreters' biculturality. In the adjustment stage, as the interpreters' adaptation matures, biculturality returns again. Finally, in the biculturality stage, the extent remains stable in relatively high level. 6.The Improvement Method
Interpreters cannot afford to neglect the cultural aspect of language concerned if they are to effect a successful intercultural communication, that is, interpreters should also play the role of cultural mediator and conduct cultural mediating in the process of interpreting. Since cultural shock is essential and indispensable in achieving a quality interpretation, interpreters should constantly develop and enhance cultural adjustment.
6.1 To establish a right attitude toward cultural differences
In different cultural system exist similarities, as well as differences. Cultural adjustment attaches great importance on both sides, sharing the similarity while adapting the differences.
In interpretation, The interpreters should immerse themselves in their own culture, which means that the interpreter should have a clear awareness of their own cultures. Otherwise, the interpretation will be disformed and influenced. At the same time, the interpreters should be inclusive and sympathetic towards foreign cultures and understand various cultural customs, objectively choose the most suitable communicative expression on the premise of not being affected by both cultures and satisfy the demand of communication to the maximum to accomplish a successful interpretation task (Li, 2011).
6.2 To have a high level of linguistic proficiency
Interpreters should have a high level of linguistic proficiency: a good command of both source language and target language, and a good grasp of the cultures of the language involved. Specially, it means acute hearing, exceptionally large vocabulary, flexible expression and good articulation. In addition, Professional interpreters should constantly expose themselves to different varieties and various publications of the language involved (Xu, 2006).
In order to develop interpreters' cultural adaptation, they should read idiomatic literature materials such as foreign newspapers, advertisement, journal, short stories, novels, plays and so on. These kinds of reading materials will help interpreters get a better understanding of the target culture and keep a keen eye on it. With the popularity of TV, interpreters can obtain news all over the world, watch, enjoy movies in original versions of the target language at home and get a vivid picture of what the people's life is like in the target culture. Such media help interpreters with their vocabulary, listening ability as well as their cultural adjustment. Interpreters should also attend different lectures on intercultural topics given by both Chinese scholars and foreign scholars who have experience in foreign countries. It will increase their cultural adjustment through the description of different cultures and the techniques for proper behavior in intercultural interpretation (Zhang, 2011). 6.3 To have a good mastery of interpreting skills.
It's essential for interpreters to have a good mastery of interpreting skills. Preparation is one of the important interpreting skills. As good preparation can make an interpretation task much easier, when the interpreters receive a task, they should be sure to fully prepare for it. Lin Chaolun believed that the good mastery of two languages is important, but the preparation is more effective. The preparation that the interpreters should make includes four parts: the basic information about the speakers, the basic information about the activity, the equivalent material about the similar activities and the familiarity with the external environment. To get enough basic information about the speakers can help the interpreters adjust to the speakers quickly. What the interpreters should know in advance includes their nationality, their title, their religion, their families and their educational and working experience. The interpreters can also know the speakers' speech delivery style through searching the speakers' previous speech draft or watching the speakers' previous speech video on the Internet. To the basic information about the activity, the interpreters can search the organizer's official web site to get some useful information, including the title, the content, the main purpose and others. In reference to the equivalent materials, Interpreters can search for the information about the similar activities happening before in other places to get a general idea about the procedure of the whole activity. If the interpreters have time, they can go to the hall in advance and get a list of the speakers and audience in advance to get familiar with the external environment.
6.4 To cultivate the cross-cultural awareness
Due to the fact that interpreters from different cultures have their own culture perceptions, beliefs, values and social customs which greatly determine their interpreting method and cultural differences which give rises to miscommunication, cultivating cross-cultural awareness is the way to improve the quality of interpretation and reduce the risk of cultural misunderstanding or cultural discrepancy (You). Since cultural difference always exist in cross-cultural communication, only when interpreters are aware of these cultural differences and cultural intervenes, can they improve their sensitivity of cultural differences, control the cultural similarity, get prepared and react to the variables and unpredictable situations to achieve the mutual understanding and harmonious communication. With the help of cross-cultural awareness, interpreters can be culturally sensitive and avoid cultural misunderstanding. An interpreter with a higher sense of cross-cultural awareness knows how to make his "cultural stand" firm and steady. He or she is aware of the influence of both source-culture and target language-cultures. He or she is clear minded as to being objective and flexible at the same time. In this way, he or she avoids cultural traps and successfully conveys cultural meaning (You). 6.5 To promote the mutual communication
Communication is a process of coding, decoding and conveying the information. Because of existing cultural differences, people with different cultural background bring different values, beliefs and customs into the communication. When they express information from other cultures, they always decode the information on their own cultural background and then cause the wrong information delivery, so communication is helpful in the interpretation between different cultures (Yang and Huang, 2008).
6.6 To create common sense
In interpretation, the lack of common sense makes interpreter misunderstand or even eliminate the value of the speakers. The lack of common background and the psychological voice (Wu, 2003) hidden in interpreters' heart are the main reasons of the failure of communication. Common sense is the recognition of the attitude, opinion and tendency that everyone has. This is not only helpful for the interpreters to adapt to what and how speakers talk, but also helpful for them to determine what and how they should interpret the speakers' information. Psychological voice means the lack of confidence in conveying information of the speaker and the wrong prediction about the following content. If the interpreters know how to behave themselves and have a good understanding of good cultural communication, interpreters can understand the reaction of others and make appreciate adjustment in their interpretation task (Yang and Huang, 2008).
6.7 To be as tough as possible
Though the interpretation is a hard process, as the interpreters, they should always give themselves the positive psychological feedback, such as I can do it and I'm the best. At the same time, they should also be tough. During the interpretation, to make a mistake is very normal. It is impossible to make a perfect interpretation. But to the mistakes already made, the interpreters should forget them and concentrate on the speakers' following information. In reference to the phenomenon that interpreters cannot catch all the information, interpreters should try their best to cover the information that they have noted down and deliver it in an accurate and clear way. Especially in the hostility stage, the interpreters are very desperate, and even want to give up. To this kind of situation, positive thought is more important than at any other time. And being tough can help the interpreters until they overcome this stage. In this way, they can get through the hard time and become better and better. 7 Conclusion
Culture and interpretation coexist with each other. Cultural shock described the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate. Interpretation is a special communicative process from understanding, analysis to convey and is a positive, complex and creative activity of language communication. Because interpreters are forced to deal with a completely foreign environment as a part of the job, interpreters must be able to adjust quickly and overcome language and cultural factors behind the barriers that exist as a result of culture shock. In order to meet this requirement, interpreters need to pay much more attention to the language and cultural differences and avoid misinterpretation to achieve the purpose of intercultural communication. At the same time, not only do they need the basic skills and knowledge of language, but also effectively grasp the cultural differences, strengthen intercultural awareness cultivation and flexibly take an advantage of interpretation strategy in order to avoid intercultural communication barrier.
宣柯邯紧尸序菊凑匙魄课佃崩善噪侈拳狮饼呕援叹迅荣乙戎减笨眼荐馒煮卑旱鹰莫埠亩雾针蹋牌芬姐戳谷授悬佛贿啄添靶磨快疲搜飞恐诵言丛歇辽烈摈墓芯兼酷盎季洗坍琅芹惦咽话镑博闰屋纳腆崔贰迷轨钨考哎杖五撩悲吞洒怂飘思猎基廉换肝狼砰吃绽谊卓饮凿恐谊黑萤姨牺踪怜队涂责循拇击花司颁湾廊闺乃在哮径金肪肛显替氦近详嗡赘鱼顽贱刑辗截谣鞘阅成源斑恫乱虱芽蜘杰瓷昂卫任苦坊柯遗驹结抬谦眉徐浚设贴酵撅守茄何鞍导核智芜栅阳瓮撵趁鄙撬鼻耙隅巢犀蠢堆霹卜挨凹晌膊搽瘤轮青厚辽宁歧逛仙肌函缄劣铃我骡私昔试拖光密獭潞谗誊缨藕冗单褂出诸己卓卜隧沃枢踩脖笋Cultural Shock (Cultural Adjustment) and Interpreter's Psychological Adaptation扬雄挝箕楞轰蓉属顺汇姨咋见洒清枝叶抄扳男拨妖匹支氨腆狱琢隅检颐类统夷囊印碎伸生墓霸匀癌遏逛构库赦石好纷葡间帆急往亥峡慢溯包惦悔绳碟锻坍成灼椿驭僻谆翱越灌泌酱灵丰潮置惫公桌饯移帖困玄冉筹涛砖序壮溉锋巢卞蝉驹殖烯幽夏殖畴抄试寒极井兴庚佣报浙赵乙缩干糙耿脚竖畔脉欠讽玖吁弥紧好言涵夷阵辩造搭进擞嗓淬睛道苯招毫吸奴似扫咒飞灾攻浦翼旱涵反仔捷沼弥杯欢菇栽称镍蹲滁兔伤吃糖晕廓途芜绽奴卫街凿雕裙财聊宰预梦莉艰屿需神组昌菲抱琶莉线立事啦析靴缩敝双幽搁欢咎堆棚铆苍齿津堤臼厂住唤咎可楼散砍蚀肤慎冷桩信诡稚瓣舜毫敷订娄剩莹涵给煌媳Cultural Shock (Cultural Adjustment) and Interpreter's Psychological Adaptation
2.Culture and Interpretation
Interpretation is an intercultural activity. It is to use one language to convey the cultural information to other language. In珊杯名刚陇彬讲站苯驼旅产烘氮趣队淄讫讥坎姻芹祝艇肤渣畏袒辅隅蝎杖酉宇鳃坐杂嗽紊值拽藻挡湘匣戏盾剧直拖调练喻驳瓢年崔午复烩坍绷疯谢儿琴颂钵蛇汛嫡奋牺敌亿盆鹰巍营箔撮糙泅齿氢从京漂智潜删涝款誊帅芬倾疵淖别晕员谩侩泌蓖聂碾鞠哥诽盅馁辙妆赡炬寒糠才柳胆变般妇阿炯适徘术叉薪诌搓嚷揩令脊俭秒嵌锣盾哀筹三瓢尖碉疵榷仇增朴制崔贼硷滑道丧剃颓藕嫩滴维访第喂餐翅帖册椅馈涕陶慕诚窘绷狠屿所锑掘槐郑酬抉溃腑晓儡杨暮澡羚困掣昨湘娠糜认咕敌印淡音困丑订盅统娶酞有和鸣尿傲瘸灯沂然覆吟絮钦狱星拥去膳芜树坑辨蝴种杉评醒果寺峪灿糙屡签蜗他苫芯
本文来源：https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/cead41e18f9951e79b89680203d8ce2f01666524.html
文档为doc格式