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企业盈利质量分析中英文对照外文翻译文献

发布时间：2024-04-24 20:52:12 来源：文档文库

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企业盈利质量分析中英文对照外文翻译文献
企业盈利质量分析中英文对照外文翻译文献企业盈利质量分析中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译原文：Measuringthequalityofearnings1.IntroductionGenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples(GAAPoffersomeflexibilityinpreparingthefinancialstatementsandgivethefinancialmanagerssomefreedomtoselectamongaccountingpoliciesandalternatives.Earningmanagementusestheflexibilityinfinancialreportingtoalterthefinancialresultsofthefirm(OrtegaandGrant,2003.Inotherwords,earningsmanagementismanipulatingtheearningtoachievea企业盈利质量分析中英文对照外文翻译文献predeterminedtargetsetbythemanagement.Itisapurposefulinterventionintheexternalreportingprocesswiththeintentofobtainingsomeprivategain(Schipper,1989.Levit(1998definesearningmanagementasagrayareawheretheaccountingisbeingperverted;wheremanagersarecuttingcorners;and,whereearningsreportsreflectthedesiresofmanagementratherthantheunderlyingfinancialperformanceofthecompany.Thepopularpresslistsseveralinstancesofcompaniesengaginginearningsmanagement.SensormaticElectronics,whichstampedshippingdatesandtimesonsoldmerchandise,stoppeditsclocksonthelastdayofaquarteruntilcustomershipmentsreacheditssalesgoal.CertainbusinessunitsofCendantCorporationinflatedrevenuesnearly$500millionjustpriortoamerger;subsequently,Cendantrestatedrevenues1/6

andagreedwiththeSECtochangerevenuerecognitionpractices.AOLrestatedearningsfor$385millioninimproperlydeferredmarketingexpenses.In1994,theWallStreetJournaldetailedthemanywaysinwhichGeneralElectricsmoothedearnings,includingthecarefultimingofcapitalgainsandtheuseofrestructuringchargesandreserves,inresponsetothearticle,GeneralElectricreportedlyreceivedcallsfromothercorporationsquestioningwhysuchcommonpracticeswere“front-page〞news.Earningmanagementoccurswhenmanagersusejudgmentinfinancialreportingandinstructuringtransactionstoalterfinancialreportstoeithermisleadsomestakeholdersabouttheunderlyingeconomicperformanceofthecompanyortoinfluencecontractualoutcomesthatdependonreportedaccountingnumbers(HealyandWhalen,1999.MagrathandWeld(2002indicatethatabusiveearningsmanagementandfraudulentpracticesbeginsbyengaginginearningsmanagementschemesdesignedprimarilyto“smooth〞earningstomeetinternallyorexternallyimposedearningsforecastsandanalysts’expectations.Evenifearningsmanagementdoesnotexplicitlyviolateaccountingrules,itisanethicallyquestionablepractice.Anorganizationthatmanagesitsearningssendsa企业盈利质量分析中英文对照外文翻译文献messagetoitsemployeesthatbendingthetruthisanacceptablepractice.Executiveswhopartakeofthispracticeriskcreatinganethicalclimateinwhichotherquestionableactivitiesmayoccur.Amanagerwhoasksthesalesstafftohelpsalesonedayforfeitsthemoralauthoritytocriticizequestionablesalestacticsanotherday.Earningsmanagementcanalsobecomeaveryslipperyslope,whichrelativelyminoraccountinggimmicksbecomingmoreandmoreaggressive2/6

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