初中英语知识点汇总

七年级上册

M 1

1、句型

1.My name's Daming. = I'm Daming.

2.I'm from England. = I come from England.

3.Are you a new student≈ Are you new

4.Nice to meet you. = Nice to see you. =Glade to meet you. = Glade to see you.

5.What's your name= May I have your name

—What's your name —How old are you = Can you tell me your age

—My name is .... = What's your age

—I'm twelve years old.

—Where are you from —What class are you in

—I'm from... —I'm in Class One, Grade One.

2、单词短语

1.practise + ding sth.

＆and A and B go to the bank.

A with B goes to the bank.

三形容性物主代词

I--my you--your he--his she--her it--its

we--our you--your they—them

M 2

1、单词

职业：doctor manager secretary worker teacher

工作地点：factory hospital hotel office school university

2、短语

a photo\picture of my family

三、语法(can)

Can do sth. I can\can't ride a bike.

Can you ride a bike Yes, I can.\No, I can't.

四、句子

What does your ... do=What is\are you ...'s job=What is your ...

He\She is a ... They're ...

M 3

1、单词

1.buildings in school: classroom dining hall gym library office science lab

2.something: blackboard book classroom computer desk dictionary football library picture television

3.numbers: thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety

4.介词：next to ≈ near behind ≠ in front of in on under

5. in front of:在......前面

in the front of:在......里面的前面

2、语音 er、or、ur发/ə/

3、语法(There be)

----Are there any school offices

----Yes, there are. There are some offices.

----Is there a computer on Miss Li's desk

----No, there isn't.

注意：1.就近原则：

There is some meat and two apple on the desk.

2.名词所有格：

Miss Li's her

Lily and Lucy's 两人共有的 eg: Lily and Lucy's father.

Lily's and Lucy's 两人各有的 Lily's and Lucy's fathers.

M 4

1、单词family members:

aunt uncle grandma grandmother grandpa grandfather mother father mum dad sister brother

2、短语句型

Thank you for your email.

your help.

helping me.

asking me.

inviting me.

Make a family tree for your family.

----How many people are there in your family

----There are four. There are my mum and dad, my sister and me.

----Have you got an aunt/any .....

----Yes,I have./No,I haven't.

----Have you got a small family or a big family

----I've got a big family.(选择疑问句)

or的用法：① 或； ② 并列否定：I don't like swimming or dancing.

M 5-6

一单词

1. orange 橙汁 have some orange ［U］

橙色 the oranges are orange ［C］

橙子 This is an orange ［C］

2.Kind 善良 He is very kind.

种类=type a kind / type of fruit two kinds /types of fruits

3. gym: 不受天气影响的室内体育馆、健身房或运动馆

stadium: 周围有看台的露天大型运动场

4.healthy ≠ unhealthy keep/stay healthy

in good health ≠ in poor/bad health

be healthy = be in health

good for one health ≠ bad for one health

二 短语

三、句型

四、区别

希望别人得到肯定回答的疑问句用'some'

eg: Do you have some money for me

M 7

1、短语

about sth.谈论某事

talk to sb. 跟某人谈话（一方讲一方听）

with sb. 跟某人谈话（双方都讲）

get up≠go to bed

go home≠leave home(for)

study science/history/chemistry/maths/...

-

2、语法 ①时间表达法：

____ What's the time

What time it is

直 读 法 ： It's two ten. (2:10)

____ 逆 读 法 ： ①It's ten past two.(2:10) ≤30'

②It's ten to ten. (2:50) >30'

整点表达法：It's two o'clock. (2:00) (不用介词）

注意：

1. 2.

3.

②一般现在时（1）

【No. 1】一般现在时的功能

　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。eg：The sky is blue.

　　2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 eg：I get up at six every day.

　　3.表示客观现实。 eg：The earth goes around the sun.

【No. 2】一般现在时的构成

　　1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。eg：I am a boy.

　　2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 eg：We study English.

【No. 3】否定句

1. be动词的变化:主语+ be + not +其它。 eg：He is not a worker.

2.行为动词的变化:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +V原形(+其它)。eg：I don't like bread.

M 8

1、短语句型

be different from ask sb. (not) to do sth. have a habit of ding sth.

get sth. from sb. by her favourite singers a box of candies/chocolates

on television wear silk shirts a pair of jeans/trainers/glasses/shoes

send/give sth. to sb. make/buy/choose sth. for sb.

=send/give sb. sth. =make/buy/choose sb. sth.

2、语法

①一般现在时（2）

【No. 1】一般现在时中第三人称行为动词的变化规律

②形容词性物主代词

③频度副词用法

M 9

1、单词

① Names of the animals

camel elephant giraffe kangaroo monkey--monkeys

Snake panda lion zebra polar bear wolf--wolves

② 大洲及动物居住地

Asia Africa Europe Oceania America North/South America

Asian African European Oceania America

in the desert / forest / grassland / jungle / sea / wild the Arctic

2、短语

三 语法

1 ①一般现在时（3）

【No. 1】一般疑问句

动词的变化：Be +主语+其它。eg：-Are you a student -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

2.行为动词的变化：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。eg：- Do you often play football - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

2.thousand与thousands of +名词的区别

3.行为动词的一般疑问句的形式变化::Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。eg：- Do you often play football - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

M 10

1、单词短语

connect sth. to sth. write a name for it on the computer/phone/television

save the document save one's life write one's homework

go online/offline send email and photos make travel plans check the train timetable get information（a piece of information)

download music visit one website on/from the Internet

at/on weekends/weekdays/the weekend/weekday

switch on/off turn on/off a kind/two kinds of music

different/all kinds of music monitor(班长、显示器) mouse→mice老鼠

say sth. talk about sth./with sb./to sb. speak+language →mouses鼠标

tell sb. sth./sb. to do sth./a story sometimes/some times/sometime

2、语法

①一般现在时（4）

【No. 1】特殊疑问句　　

动词的变化：疑问词+一般疑问句。eg：Where is my bike

2.行为动词的变化：疑问词+一般疑问句。eg：How does your father go to work

七年级下册

M 1

1. Listen和hear的区别：listen 听（强调动作hear 听见（强调结果）

Eg:I listened carefully but I heard nothing. 我仔细听但什么也没听到。

2 send sth. to sb. = send sb. sth.

Eg: i send her a postcard =i send a postcard to her

3 enjoy sth. 喜欢某物 enjoy oneself = have a good/ great time enjoy/ like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

4 buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth.

Eg:my mother buy me a book=my mother buy a book for me

5 buy some presents = shop for presents 买礼物 = go shopping for presents 去买礼物

6. We are on a school trip. 我们在参加学校郊游。

7. What are the others doing 其他人在干什么

8 lie in the sun / on the beach躺在沙滩上

9. enjoy the school trip a lot/ very much 非常喜欢学校郊游

.10. take sth. to sw. 把某物带到某地 take away

11. at this moment=now 此时此刻 （现在进行时）

12. in different places 在不同的地方 (比较the same) 13. do different things 做不同的事情

14. leave work 下班 be at work 上班 He is at work. = He is working.

15. wait for buses 等公共汽车 16. run for trains 跑去乘火车

17. have afternoon tea 喝下午茶 18. go to the opera 去听歌剧

19. watch a ballet 看芭蕾 20. get dressed 穿衣；打扮 see friends 看望朋友

20. call home 给家里打电话 call sb. = give sb. a call= phone sb.

21. greetings from… 来自……的问候 22. talk on one’s phone 用某人的手机打电话

23. do taijiquan，打太极拳 do yangge 扭秧歌24 anyway 无论如何 （转移话题）

25. 现在进行时的构成：

be动词+ 动词的现在分词-----be:am(我) is（主语为三单） are（主语为复数）

M 2

1. What traditions do you have at the Spring Festival 在春节你们有什么传统

2. lots of traditions 许多传统 3. clean the house 打扫房子 do some cleaning

4. sweep away bad luck 扫走坏运 5. paint ……red 把……涂成红色

6. It means 它意味着…… What does it mean (meaning n.)

7. decorate …with … 用……装饰…… 8. have a haircut 剪头发

9. everyone 后面谓语动词用单数： everyone has a haircut

10. visit our family and friends 看望亲戚朋友

11. at midnight 在半夜 (at noon= in the middle of day) 用复数

sb. sth. ＝bring sth to sb. 给某人带来…… bring back

14. at night ， in the evening

15. get ready for sth. (be ready for sth.) get ready for doing sth. 为……做准备

16. sweep the floor 扫地 17. learn a dragon dance 学舞龙

18. make lanterns 做灯笼 the meal 做饭 do some cooking

20. be interested in sth 对某物感兴趣 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣

M 3

1. check my email 查收我的邮件 get up early 起早 have a picnic 郊游 go to a party 去参加聚会 at the party revise / review for my test 复习准备考试 （为考试而复习）do some revision stay in bed 呆在床上 at a friend’s home 在朋友家 take the plane to…=go to sw. by plane乘飞机去……/ take the plane from…to…乘飞机从……到……walk up the Great Wall 爬长城 make friends 交朋友 stay in a hotel呆在酒店里

2. What are your plans （同义句） What are you going to do

3. look forward to sth/ doing sth.

We are looking forward to the Spring Festival. We are looking forward to going to Guilin.

4. cook 厨师 （名词） (动词)cook sth for sb cook sb sth

5. How do you get （from） Shantou to Xiamen By bus.

6. Why + 一般疑问句用because来回答. I am late because my bike is broken.

7 in the morning

on Sunday morning具体到某一天用on on a hot afternoon 有描述词用on

8. be going to +动词原形

I’m going to do my homework this evening.

It’s going to rain tomorrow. It’s going to be rainy tomorrow.

There is going to be rain/ snow/wind（名词）……

M 4

1. study at home 在家学习 do the dull jobs 做枯燥的工作

do heavy work 干重活 three days a week 一周三天

long holidays 长假 free time空闲时间 be free to do sth. get warm 变暖

2. everyone every one of …

3. by email 通过电子邮件的方式 on the computer on TV on the radio

5. I’m not sure. 我不确信。be sure to do sth.

6. The teachers won’t write on a blackboard with chalk.

The teachers won’t use chalk to write on a blackboard.

do sth with sth = use sth to do sth 用……来做某事

chalk 不可数名词 一支粉笔 a piece of chalk

We will use the sun to heat our homes. We will heat our homes with the sun.

7. Flying will be very cheap. flying为动名词，作主语。

家庭供暖将会很便宜。

Heating homes will be cheap. It will be cheap to heat homes.

打篮球是我最喜欢的运动。

Playing basketball is my favourite sport.

8. will ＋ 动词原形 They will play football.

will be＋ 形容词 It will be cool in summer.

There will be＋名词 There will be rain tomorrow.

There will be a big bridge over the river.

9. My dream will have big classrooms. （同义句）

There will be big classrooms in my dream school.

will 可以用be going to 代替，但be动词要根据单复数来变化。There are going to be big classrooms in my dream school. There is going to be a big classroom in my dream school.

10. It’s going to rain this afternoon.

It’s going to be rainy this afternoon. （但只有there be 句型除外，be后跟名词。）

11. In my dream school there won’t be any teachers.

M 5

1. seven million millions of Americans

2. answer some questions for my homework 为我的作业回答一些问题

’s the population of … 某地人口是多少

形容人口多用 big 或 large What’s its population

4. Shanghai has 13 million people. Shanghai is a city with a population of 13million.

The population of Shanghai is 13 million seven million.

It has a population of 13 million people.

5. be famous for 以……而出名 如：北京以长城而闻名。Beijing is famous for the Great Wall.

6. in the east/south/west of… 在……的东、南、西…（内部）

上海在中国的东部。 Shanghai is in the east of China.

7. 问天气：What’s the weather like / How’s the weather

8. on the coast 在海岸线上

9. It’s never very hot in the summer or very cold in the winter.

10. with带有，有 Beijing is a city with lots of old buildings.

M 6

一、反义词：

dangerous 危险的----- safe 安全的 danger / safety n.

difficult 难的------ easy 容易的 exciting 激动人心的------ boring 枯燥的

expensive 昂贵的------ cheap 便宜的 popular 受欢迎的------ unpopular 不受欢迎的

relaxing 放松的------ tiring 累人的 badly(worse, worst) 坏地------ well(better, best) 好地

carefully 认真地------ carelessly 粗心地 late 晚------ early 早

loudly 大声地------ quietly 安静地

2. be good at sth 擅长某事 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事

例如：我哥哥擅长篮球。 My brother is good at basketball.

我哥哥擅长打蓝球。 My brother is good at playing basketball.

3. What Olympic sports do you like Football is my favourite sport.

Why do you like it I like it because it’s exciting

4. 位移动词用现在进行时表示将来时。如：她将去学校。

She is going to school. She is leaving for school.

5. 在每周六上午九点半 at 9:30 am every Saturday

6. 早到这儿 get here early 晚到那儿 arrive there late

坐在黑板前sit in front of the blackboard 在教室后面at the back of the classroom

7. It’s +adj. + to do sth

学习英语很难。It’s very difficult to learn English.

8. 对某人讲得又慢又大声 speak slowly and loudly to sb（宾格）.

slowly 和loudly为副词，副词修饰动词。

9. 需要做某事need to do sth我们需要每天打扫教室。We need to clean the classroom every day.

想要做某事want to do sth = would like to do sth.

我们想要打蓝球。We want to play basketball

10. No one 谓语动词用单数。如：没人要踢足球。 No one wants to play football.

11. It’s +物性形容词 +for sb to do sh

对他来说学习数学很简单。 It’s very easy for him to learn math.

12. work hard 努力学习/工作 （这里 hard 就是副词）

speak English well 这里 well 就是副词

13. do some sightseeing 游览 go sightseeing 去观光

14. 带某人参观……take sb. around …

15. 将持续到……will continue/last until …

16. He needs to learn English quickly. How does he need to learn English

17. She likes running and she likes cycling, too. = She likes running and she also likes cycling.

also反在实义动词前，be动词和情态动词后。

18. 我不喜欢迟到。I don’t like to be late.

19. 我不喜欢跑步和骑自行车。 I don’t like running or cycling.

20. so 因此；所以 在英语句子中不能与because同时用

如：我饿了，所以想去买点吃的。 I’m hungry so I’m going to buy some food.

21. more ＋（形容词或副词）原级＝比较级

more popular more exciting more dangerous more tired more quickly

22. much, a little, even ＋（形容词或副词）比较级

much bigger, much better, much more popular

Pan Changjiang is funnier than Yao Ming. 句子中有than，要用比较级

比较级规则变化口诀：比较级，要变化，一般词尾加er。(long-longer)

词尾若有哑音e, 直接加r就可以。(nice-nicer) , 重读闭音节， 单辅音字母要双写。(hot-hotter)

辅音字母若加y, 记得把y变为i。(happy-happier)

M 7

1. the longest journey 最长的旅程

2. by 直接加交通工具单数 by bike/ bus/ train

3. get to school 到学校 get home/there/here 到家

4. live farthest from the school 住得离学校最远 farthest 为副词，是far的最高级，可省略the， 形容词最高级前面一定要加the

5. the ( best ）way to sw. 去……的（最好）方式 6. the most dangerous way 最危险的方式

7. be closest to sw. 离……最近 go to work 去上班

8. take a train to sw. 乘火车去…… 9. the fastest train 最快的火车

10. from…to… 从……到…… 11. in eight minutes 八分钟后 （将来时）

12. the same … 相同的…… the same school 相同的学校

some time by… 乘……花……时间 take ten minutes by car 乘汽车花十分钟

14. more than = over 超过……，多于……

15. one of the busiest international airlines 最繁忙的航线之一

16. a distance of …kilometers ……公里的距离 17. in nine and a half hours 在九个半小时后

18. buy a ticket at the bus stop 在汽车站买票 19. millions of Americans 上百万美国人

20. A taxi from Shanghai to the airport is cheaper than the train for two people.

对两个人来说从上海到机场乘出租车比乘火车便宜。

21. British Airways uses the Boeing 747 for long journeys. 英国航空公司使用波音747进行长途飞行。(划线the Boeing 747用which提问)

22. The Boeing 747 travels longer than other planes.

23. I like to travel by bus because it’s safer than going（动名词） by car.

24. from one place to another 从一个地方到另一个地方

25. The cheapest way is by bus. 不能说：By bus is the…way.

26. travel to school 去上学

27. Who travels (the 可省略) farthest to school 28. Who has the longest journey

29. How interesting is the journey from …to… by train （问interesting的程度）

The journey from …to…by train is the most interesting way.

30. What’s the most expensive way to travel By plane.

M 8

1. my/ my parents’ / sb’s past life 某人的过去生活 2. be born 出生

3. the name of --- ……的名字 4. What +be +sb. +like 某人的性格怎么样

5. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 6. be strict with sb. / in sth. 对某人要求严格

the east coast of America 在美国东海岸

8. lots of things 许多事情 There are lots of things to do in Shantou.

9. visit their old family houses 参观他们的故居

10. with 带有 He likes the house with a garden. a pond with fish in it 里面有鱼的池塘

11. on my bedroom walls 在我卧室的墙上

12. the last time I was there 我在那儿的最后一次 (be the first to do)

13. one day 有一天 （将来时或过去时）

anyone famous born there有名人出生在那吗anyone为不定代词，谓语动词用单数，形容词放在不定代词后。 There is nothing new in today’s newspaper.

15. I know what he does. 我知道他是干什么的。

动词know后的句子为宾语从句，语序要用陈述语序。

She asked where she was. The teacher asked who had a pen.

16. Tony was born in England.

Tony wasn’t born in England. Was Tony born in England Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.

They were naughty. They weren’t naughty.

Were they naughty Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.

M 9

1. once upon a time 从前 2. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 decide not to do sth.

3. go for a ride / walk 去兜风/散步 4. in the forest 在森林里

5. pick flowers 摘花 pick up sth. 捡起/拿起某物 pick it/ them up

6. be lost/ lose one’s way 迷路 She is always lost in Beijing.

7. look around+sb.（宾）看某人的四周 look around her/me /him…

8. notice sth. 注意到某物

9. hurry to + sw. = go to sw. in a hurry 急忙去某地

He hurried to school without having breakfast.

10. knock on / at the door 敲门

11. open 开着的adj. closed 关着的adj. The door is closed, but the window is open.

open 打开； 经营 He opened the door and it’s open now.

12. enter + sth 进入…… They entered/went into the building.

13. finish sth. She finished the food soon.

finish doing sth. She has to finish doing her homework now.

14. She counted three bowls. 她数了数有三只碗。 count from 1 to 100

15. rush out of + sw. 冲出某地

He rushed out of the school and rode a bike to home.

16. be tired 累 do/ try (tried) to do sth. 尽力做某事 try sth 试某物 try it/ them on

17. destroyed sth. 毁坏了某物 18. walk into the bedroom 走进卧室

19. very soon 不久； 很快 20. be asleep（形容词）= be sleeping（动词）

21. in pieces 成了碎片 22. at first 起初 at the beginning of 23. point at / to 指着……

24. There’s the naughty girl. 倒装句，原句为：The naughty girl is there.

有一个淘气的女孩。There is a naughty girl.

25. open one’s eyes 睁开眼睛

26. be around sb. 在某人周围 The students are around the teacher.

27. jump out of bed and hurry out of the house 跳下床匆忙冲出房子

28. without sth. 没有某物 He went to school without his bag.

without doing sth. 没有做某事 She left without saying a word.

without anything= with noting

29. return to sw. = come back to sw. 返回某地 return= give back

They returned to China yesterday. 他们昨天返回中国。

30. 讲故事的顺序：First… Next… Then… Finally…

31. and 前后的时态要一致 He entered the house and sat down.

32. the food in the big bowl 大碗里的事物 （介词短语作定语）

the man under the tree 树下的那个男人 一般用which提问

33. live in the forest 住在森林里

34. answer the door 开门 I knocked on the door but nobody answered the door.

35. all around/over the world 全世界

36. tell sth to sb 或 tell sb. sth 告诉某人某事

tell a story tell stories 讲故事 tell children fairy tales 给孩子们讲童话故事

37. again and again 一遍又一遍 38. begin with “ Once upon a time…”以“从前……”开头

39. change into 变成

每个模块后面的 Around the world的内容，要求理解，尤其是长句，能把单词正确排列成句子。 动词过去式的变化规则：书 151页 不规则动词的一般过去式： 书153页

M 10

1. listen to the radio 听收音机

2. Teachers’ Day Women’s Day Christmas Labour Day

Children’s Day New Year’s Day

3. 12个月份的拼写：January February March April May June July August September October November December

4. start school 开始上学 start/begin to do sth. start doing sth 开始做某事

5. ride a bike to sw. 骑自行车去某地 go to sw. by bike

walk to sw. 走着去某地 go to sw. on foot

6. play computer games 玩电脑游戏

7. we had games like chess. like 像 8. watch movies/ films 看电影

9. 英语人称顺序：你， 他/她， 我 （I 放在最后）

10. visit sb. 看望某人 11. near the sea 在海边 on the beach 在海滩上

12. travel by car/ train/ …乘……旅行

13. play the piano弹钢琴 go away 走开；离开 14. decide to be a (an) … 决定成为一名……

15. a writer of plays and poems 一位作家和诗人

16. some of his (the) most famous plays 一些他的最著名的戏剧

17. at school 在学校

18. like watching plays 喜欢看戏剧 like doing sth. / like to do sth. 喜欢做某事

19. finish school 完成学业/ 毕业 20. at the age of … 在……岁

21. move to sw. 搬到某地 22. join a theatre company 加入一家剧团

23. a successful actor 一名成功的演员 (success, successful, successfully, succeed)

24. start writing plays开始写剧本 25. in many other languages 用许多其它的语言

27. on of the most famous writers in the world 世界上最著名的作家之一

28. The TV wasn’t in colour. 电视不是彩色的。

29. What games did you play你们玩什么游戏

30. like sth. a lot 非常喜欢某物 a lot = very much 非常

31. on holiday 在假期，在度假

32. He did his homework yesterday. He didn’t do his homework yesterday.

Did he do his homework yesterday Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.

M 11

1. a national hero / national heroes 民族英雄

2. the engineer of a famous railroad 一位著名铁路的工程师

3. the Chinese government 中国政府

4. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事

The Chinese government wanted a Chinese engineer to build it.

中国政府想要一个中国工程师建造它。

want sb. （宾语）想要某人 They didn’t want foreign engineers.

5. What do you think of … ＝ How do you like …你认为……怎么样

6. start in Beijing 在北京开始 finish in Zhangjiakou 在张家口完成

7. When did he work on it 他什么时候从事这件事的

8. form 1905 to 1909 从1905年到1909

9. Why didn’t sb. do sth 为什么某人不做某事

Why didn’t you go to school yesterday 你昨天为什么没去上学

10. He died in 1919. 他1919年去世。(die, dead, death)

11. open a museum about his life 开了一家关于他生平的博物馆

12. a railroad is for trains. 铁路是给火车用的。

13. over 垂直上方，不接触 The bridge is over the river.

14. through 穿过（内部） through a mountain/ forest / window

across 横穿 （表面）across the road/ bridge

15. What did the Chinese do when he died 当他去世了中国人做了什么

16. China’s first astronaut 中国的第一位宇航员

17. a few days ago 几天前 19. He was Yang Liwei, the pilot, with a wife…

18. return to Earth 返回地球

19. be called 被称作 He was called “Xiao Zhang”.

The boy called Kexiang is playing basketball. 叫可祥的那个男孩正在打蓝球。

20. last 持续 The rain lasted a week. 雨持续了一个星期。

last 上一个 last Wednesday, last night, last year

21. orbit the Earth 14 times = go round the Earth 14 times 绕地球运行14圈

22. reach an altitude of … 到达一个……高度

23. the next day 第二天（前面已提到了某一天, 用过去时）

24. the third country 第三个国家

China is now the third country to send a person into space.

现在中国是第三个把人送入太空的国家。

25. join the Chinese Air Force 加入中国空军

join the Chinese space programme加入中国太空项目

26. 11 years later, two months later （多长时间）后

27. with 13 other pilots 和其他13名宇航员

28. He trained for five years. 他训练了五年。 for + 一段时间 He rested for an hour.

29. want to be…想成为…… She wants to be a singer.

30. people on Earth 地球上的人

31. watch Yang Liwei’s space flight 观看了杨利伟的太空之行

32. wave to sb. 向某人挥手 33. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看……

34. have a meal of …吃了一餐……

35. still 仍然，also也，放在实义动词前，be动词、情态动词后

36. return to the ground = land 着陆

37. 到达某地（1） reach sw. （2）arrive in sw.（大地方） arrive at sw. （小地方）

（3） get to sw.

38. What happened 发生了什么 What happened to you 你发生什么事了

39. the latest news 最近的新闻 a piece of news 一则新闻（不可数）

40. How did he show his skill as an engineer作为一名工程师，他是如何展示她的才能的

as 作为…… show one’s skill 展示某人才能

41. travel to sw. 去某地旅行

42. sick people / man/ girl…或 sb. is sick

ill 只有一种用法：sb. is ill

43. open a hospital/ factory/ a company开办……

M 12

1. two years ago 两年前

2. on the same day 在同一天

3. Who was with you When were you born

4. at the airport 在机场 5. go swimming a lot

6. How was your journey It was great.

7. spend 花费（时间，金钱）， 主语是人，其结构：

（1）sb. spend +（时间，金钱）on sth

He spent lots of money on books. We often spend much time on homework.

(2) sb. spend +时间 (in ) doing sth. They spent two hours (in ) playing basketball.

8. well 形容词：身体好 副词：好（修饰动词） 语气词：嗯

9. take + 交通工具 to sw. 乘……去…… She took a bus to Guangzhou last week.

10. go for a walk / ride /swim 去散步/ 兜风/游泳

11. by plane = on a plane = by air 乘飞机

12. read the newspaper 看报纸 a newspaper, two newspapers （报纸可数）

a piece of news 一则新闻 a piece of paper 一张纸

13. send emails 发电子邮件 14. take lots of photos / pictures照很多相片

15. fly to sw. 飞往某地 fly home（不用to）

16. Say hello to sb. 向某人问好 say sorry/ goodbye to sb.

17. How long did you +（延续性）动词 How long did you stay there

18. have a holiday 度假 19. do a lot of shopping 购买了许多物品

20. go on a boat = go boating 去划船

M 13

1. Why are you going to do… Where are you going to go

Where are you going Who are you going to go with

When are you going to go When are you going

2. will + be + 形容词 3. on Christmas Day 在圣诞节

4. sit at the table 坐在桌子旁

5. talk to / with sb.和某人谈话 have a talke

8. clean the house 打扫房子 cook a meal 做饭

9. open a present 打开礼物

10. put on new clothes 穿上新衣服

11. sing a song 或　sing songs　唱歌 singer n.

12. go to a party 　去参加聚会　

13. have some free time 　有一些空闲时间 14. stay in bed　呆在床上　

15. think about 考虑；思考 16. special celebration　特殊的庆祝活动　

17. at the end of November　在11月底 18. give sth to sb. = give sb. sth 给某人某物

19．in the shape of … …… 的形状 The bags are in the shape of Mickey.这些包是米奇的形状．

24. fill … with… 用……装满……

They filled the bottle with water.他们用水把瓶子装满了。

25. traditionally 传统地　（副词）

Traditionally, people clean the house before the Spring Festival.传统上，人们在春节前打扫房子。

26. They put paper around the presents. 他们用纸把礼物包起来。　

put…around…用……包……

Christmas Day 或 at Christmas 在圣诞节

on New Year’s Day at the Spring Festival

on Spring Festival’s Eve

七年级英语下册整册重难点概括

语法概况

M1-2 现在进行时态

M3-4 一般将来时态

M5-7 形容词/副词的比较级与最高级

M5形容词的比较级

M6形容词、副词的比较级；多音节形容词、副词的比较级

M7形容词、副词的最高级

M8-12 一般过去时态

M8 be动词的过去式

M9规则动词的过去式

M10一般过去时的否定和疑问形式

M11 一般过去时的特殊疑问句

M12 不规则动词的过去式

初二英语上册知识点总结

M1

1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a....,every...用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加's'/'es'。

2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment ....用现在进行时，结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing

3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next....用一般将来时，结构：will + v原 \ be going to +v原（没有动词用be ）

4、如有yesterday, ......ago , last....just now.....用一般过去时动词加ed

give sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 every day每天,

write down 写下，记下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的,

how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做....怎么样 each other 互相.

thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢

回答That's all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at don't you+V原...=why not+...V原 为什么不

help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人 help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事

with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth.请自用食物

watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（现在没有做，做过）

watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear类似

remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事

forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事

welcome back欢迎回来 , new term新学期

this term这学期 , next term 下学学期,

last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议,

why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误,

correct spelling正确的拼写, what else=what other things 还有什么

a piece of advice 一条建议, follow /take one's advice采用别人的建议,

send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人 send for派人去请/取

send up发射. all the time一直

enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快

lots of =a lot of =many(可数)\much(不可数)许多 , ,

spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事

sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事

Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物

Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物

Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱

pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱

Take: It takes (took) time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间

ask for 请求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物

ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一块

enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ing

place =put sth. in 把某物放在…里面

else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为else's.

take a deep breath深呼吸, catch\hold one's breath屏住呼吸, ∣￥

out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,

the number of …的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单, a number of =many,大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。a large number of， a small number of ,

invite do sth. 邀请某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样

try to do sth.尽力做事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事

try not to do sth .尽力不做某事 try one's best尽某人最大的努力,

a group of 一组，一群, borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物,

lend sb=lend .借给某人某物 keep借一段时间

practice doing sth.,练习做做某事 come from=be from来自,

look for 寻找, look after=care for=take care of照顾

look up 向上看，查阅, look like看起来像,

look at 看着, look on sb. as把某人看作,

look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期待做某事 look over检查，翻阅 ,

look out当心，向外看 , look through仔细查看,

be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为…, be ready准备好 ,

be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事，乐意做某事 translate…into… 将…译成…，

take a message捎个信， leave a message留个信，

be good for 对…有好处， be good at =do well in擅长于…

be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长… Think of 想起，

think about想出， think over仔细考虑，

else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,

nobody和who, what,when,where时放后，

四说，1,speak说语言，说内容，3,talk与谁说，4,tell告诉，讲述，

四看，1,watch观看电视，比赛和表演，2,see看人，电影，医生，风景，

3,read看书，报，4,look就看。 看场电影要用see，读书看报用read 电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用watch,observe细观察，一时注意用notice.

make+宾语+补足语（形容词）使某人某物怎么样。

.make+宾语+do 让某人做某事

make+宾语+过去分词 使某人被怎么样；make friends with sb.与某人交朋友，

hear of听说， hear from收到某人的来信，

be bad for对…有害， it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格，品质 kind, good

nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。

It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等

write to… 给…写信， next to 在…旁边，

do some concerts办音乐会， speak to sb.和某人讲话，

say hello to sb. 给某人问好， say bye to sb.向某人说再见，

show sb. around somewhere带某人参观某地， learn sth from sb.向某人学习

choose the correct answers选择正确答案, correct the mistakes改错,

match …with…把…和…搭配起来

建议： don't you do sth=why not do sth

about doing sth=what about doing sth

should /can do sth. to do sth.

't forget to do sth. you do sth

's do sth. 'sa good idea to do

you like to do we do

'd better (not )do sth.

回答：That's a good a lot.

Great, OK. That's right. All right. Good idea. Sure.

M2 现在完成时：

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或结果，常与recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still连用；

2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。

结构：have(has)+过去分词，

get into=enter进入, what's the price of …=how much is …问价格

dream about梦到, dream of 梦见,

around the world=all over the world全世界, stay with sb.与某人呆一起

stay in bed呆在床上 , stay at home呆在家里,

take off 脱下，起飞, land on/in /at 着路,

all over China,全中国, take a seat =have a seat请坐 ,

come ture实现, fly to =go to ...by plane(by air),坐飞机

drive to =go to …by car开车， walk to =go to…on foot步行去

sell out 卖光, at the end 在结束时, at the end of在…尽头/结尾 ,

have been to去过（现在不在那儿） , have gone to 去了（现在不在说话地）

everyday English日常英语， first price一等奖，

The most exciting experience最激动人心的经历， before long不久，

long before=soon=a little later很久以前， no problem没问题，

have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难， work out a problem解决一个问题，

invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事 invite sb to some place邀请某人去某地,

one day,某一天，（过去或将来） some day某一天（将来） ,

连系动词，一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感觉feel ，一保持keep，三变become,get turn，

四起来taste ,smell , look, sound，后跟形容词作表语。

不定代词：somebody, some one某人，anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no one，没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物 ,anything任何物,nothing没事,everything一切事物，修饰他们的形容词放后。

different kinds of =all kinds of 不同种类的，各种各样的，

by the end of 到…末为止，不迟于

give a concert=give concerts举办音乐会， in the end =finally，最后，终于，

take a photo=take photos照相，店 cook sth for sb.=cook . 为某人做饭buy,make

such+a /an +adj+单数名词=so +adj+a/an+单数名词 (名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little属特殊，“小”用such,少用so.)

交通工具的乘坐，take the(a) +交通工具to , =go...by+交通工具=go...on /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in ，其余的可用in ,on);

walk to some where=go to...on foot; fly to somewhere.=go ....by plane

ride to somewhere=go...by bike, drive to somewhere=go to by car,

a kind of一种 , be kind to sb对某人友善 .since then从那时起，

take off 脱下，起飞，请假, reckon=consider =regard =think考虑，认为,

be reckoned (to be) ,被以为 reckon....as... 相当于

regard ...as...把当成 in the photo,在照片里

go abroad,出国 be abroad,在国外 travel abroad,到国外旅行

sell out,卖光 sell to , 卖给某人 sell well卖得好 ,

四个也：also,肯定，行前be 后；too肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；as well,肯定，句末。

go to sleep,去睡觉 the price of,....的价格，形容价格用high,low。

sell sth at a high price,以高价出售， sell sth at a low price,以低价出售。

yet ,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中；have a wonderful time 玩得高兴,

would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事

would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事

M3

already早已，用于完成时的肯定,； yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问； just,用于完成时

just now=a moment ago用于过去时,

arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达

bring,从外往里拿， take ,从里往外拿， carry无方向, fetch往返拿,

more than ,=over,多于 less than,少于

alone,个体单独，独自； lonely,孤独，寂寞，也表示荒凉，

most of.. ..的大多数, a visit to 对 ...的参观,

on a visit to....,参观... for a visit 参观, pay a visit to ,拜访

as ...as....和....一样 not as ...as..=not so ...as 不如,

so ...that如此...以致于....如果that后是否定,就可以用too...to转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth.

be famous for 因...面著名(原因), be famous as以...身份或产地而著名

prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜欢做某事,

prefer to 更喜欢... prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,

return from a visit to 从...访问返回, be named after 以...的名字命名,

be proud of 以....自豪, be up to sb.由某人决定,

up to 从事于,忙于, space station在太空站,

show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看, on business出差,因...公事,

在...的上面 over,在..上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为under

on 在...上面,贴着物表,反义beneath, above在..上方,高出,反义below

in the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飞机,

in the last three years在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,

none 用于三个以上的全否定，反义为all；neither两个都不，反义为both,

the lastest news,最新消息， share sb.与分享某物

M4

get on /along with sb,与...相处, get on well with sb.与...相处融洽

hear about ,hear of 听说, in fact实际上,

the Hope Schools,希望学校 look after=take care of =care for,照顾

drop out of school,缀学 take part in, 参加

pay for ,支付,付钱 how long ,多长时间

how soon,多久 get on badly with ,与...相处不好

hear from sb.收到某人的信,电子邮件等 on the farm ,在农场上

in the last+一段时间,in th past +一段时间in the recent+ 一段时间,这三个用于现在完成时

because of因为...... , sell sb.=sell sb .sth.,把某物卖给某人

buy sth from ...buy sth for sb..给某人买东西 get an education接受教育,

take part in=join参加, in good/bad health身体健康/不健康,

care about关心,在乎, take care 当心,

how often隔多久一次, stop doing sth.停止做某事,

stop to do sth.停下来去做别的事, dress /undressr+人,

put on/wear/take off+衣, drop out 退出,离队,

drop in 顺便来访, drop out of school 退学

point at 指着, point to 指向,put on one's clothes穿上衣服

with the help of sb.=wiht sb's help 在别人的帮助下without the help of sb.无人帮助的情况 at home and abroad在国内外

非延续性动词变为延续动词：

buy--have open--be open join --be in borrow--keep die ---be dead

leave--be away come here---be here go there--be there begin--be on

finish--be over make friends--be friends get ready--be ready buy--get /have

arrive/get to /reach/come--be in \be at /stay, put on--have on /wear get up--be up

可延续性动词不可以与for 或since 连用，非延续性动词的否定式也可以和for /since连用.

other其他的，另外的，别的； another另一个人或事物；

the other两个中的另一个； the others其余的，剩下的人或事物；

others其他的，另外的，别的人或物

5 on earth ,究竟，到底，可用在when ,what ,who,where,how ,which,why 等之后，相当于in the world,用在否定句中相当于not ...at all；

a fan of ,...的迷 give a concert =give concerts,举行音乐会

be famous for ,因..而著名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长)

be famous as ,作为...而闻名(后+身份职业)

at the age of =when ...years old, 在...岁的时候

not only....but also..不仅..而且(就近原则)上 classical music,古典音乐

belong to ,属于 sth belong to sb. 物属于人

across ,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进行;over上方通过,不接触表面;

hear of 听说, be born出生, go through穿过,

I'm not sure我不确定, I'm sure肯定,

make sb.+adj使某人怎么样, make sb .do sth.使某人做某事,

take sb. around带人四处走走, a piece of music一首乐曲,

in addition to 除...以外,buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him给某人买吉他,

go on with sth.继续做某事, go on doing sth.继续做某事,

die of 患..而死,常接hunger, cold, illness,cancer内部原因,

die from由于..,而死,常接a wound ,an accident,carelessness外部原因,

learn to do sth学做某事, learn from sb.向某人学习,

Learn...by heart熟记,背诵, learn one's lesson from...从... 中吸取教训,

反意疑问句:

1.先断"定",判断是否定或肯定.

如有not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定.

2.后找"动",观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did, had better用had

3.换代,主语定代词,三单用he ,she ,it ,复用they we ; somebody,nobody 类似的用they,和thing一起的用

4.肯定祈使句，反问句部分可用will you /won't you 否定祈使句，用will you

5.Let's...用shall we let us....用will you,

6.在think,believe,suppose+从句结构中，疑问句部分与从句保持一致，同时主句的否定转移到从句中; 但第二，三人称与主句保持一致：I don't think you have done it ,have you /He doesn't think you have done it ,does he即：当主句人称是一，从句是二时，看二；当主句是三时，就看三。

7.回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定 ,No+否定

give =give sb. 给某人某物,give in投降,

give up doing sth 放弃, give out 分发,

give a way to 对...让步, on the earth在地球上,

both....and既....又..... 就近原则 neither....nor既不....又不,就近原则

either...or要么....要么.there be, not only...but also就近原则,,

may be可能是. maybe=perhaps大概,也许

In addition to ..除...以外(还有) =besides, but 除..之外,,常与否定意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形, except,除....之外(不包括)

on holiday度假, of course=,sure当然

all types of呼种 , part time job,一份兼职工作

on one's own独自 , be led by由....带领

M 6

过去进行时

用法：1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态，一般常和at that time,at 点yesterday,then,last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。

3、表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。

结构：was /were +V-ing

go on 继续, go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事),

go on to do sth 继续做某事(另一件事),

go on with sth继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过,

How is it going =How are you getting on /along近况如何

by the river,在河边

at this time yesterday昨天 的这个时候, in a tree=in the tree ,在树上(外来物)

on a tree =on the tree,在树上,(树本身的) smile at sb. 朝着某人微笑,

laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 fall into ,掉进,跌入

fall off 掉下来, fall behind ,落后,跟不上

fall in love with,爱上 be careful,小心

by mistake由于出错 at taht /this time在那/这时

have nothing to do 没事可做, nothing strange没什么奇怪的，

take sth. out of .... 把...从...拿出来, happen to do sth.碰巧做某事

感官动词see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进行)

under th hedge在树篱下面, go down下去,

think about 考虑, think of想起，认为 ,

think over仔细考虑, think out,想出

think hard,努力想，努力思考 What happened to sb.某人发生了什么事

be on 上演， go off熄灭，停，

英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时，先后顺序是“二、三、一”

not ...until直到....才......(主句中常用非延续性动词)

till/until直到......为止(主句中常用延续性动词)

something wrong with...,出了毛病,lie in bed 躺在床上,

jump out of从...跳出来 ,on one's way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上

on one's way home在某人回家的路上,from ....to,从...到....(动词+Ving)

when,while ,as的区别 当...时候

When可与持续性动词连用,表示"一段时间,"也可与短暂性动词连用,表示"时刻".主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生.如果主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用When

While表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态.如果主从句都是进行时,只能用While

as与When同义,但as指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展.

wear out 穿坏,穿旧,用坏, cheer up 使振奋;使兴奋,

follow one's advice听从某人的建议, look into向...的里面看,

stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事

stop ...from doing sth.阻止....做某事, what kind哪种,

a kind of一种, all kinds of =different kinds of 各种各样的,

kind of =a bit=a little 有点, walk along沿着....走,

by mistake 错误地，无意地, by oneself单独，独立地,

by the way, 顺便说 墙的表面用on，墙的内部用in

have something to do有事可做 ,have something to eat有可吃的东西 ,

have nothing to drink没有什么喝的东西 feel tired感到疲劳

no one,一般不与of连用，动词用单数，只指人，一般用来回答who

none ,可与of连用，动词可用单数或复数，指人或物，回答how many /how much引导的问句，以及含any+n 的一般问句

Nothing，指物，动词用单数，

without doing sth.没做，be tired=get tired累了，

during the day 一整天，

被动语态的结构是：be+及物动词的过去分词

变法：1主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变by宾语.

2.主+谓+间宾+直宾 将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变.

3主+谓+直宾+间宾+to或for 将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变.by原主

4.主+谓+宾+宾补 宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by原主.

5.主+谓+宾+宾补(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listen

to )变为被动时，后加to

6.主+短语动词+宾语， 宾作主，短变被，其余不变,by原主.

7.带有be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to

等要将to后来动词变以被动

8.被动语态的每种时态

]

八年级英语下册知识点

M1

简单句

1、 主语+不及物动词（SV）

不及物动词，不能带宾语，但有些要接状语意义才完整。

2、主语+系动词+表语（SVP）

系动词：be ,look, seem ,become, feel , get ,turn ,grow, smell ,taste , keep, sound

3、主语＋及物动词＋宾语（SVO）

4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVOO）

直接宾语在前，加for或to连接间接宾语。

give, show , send, bring , pass, lend ,leave ,hand , feel, return, promise ,refuse, throw 用to.

make ,buy ,do ,get ,play ,order, sing, pay用for .

5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）

6、there be 句型。

tidy up 收拾， fan扇，fan oneself ,给某人自己扇风，

fan the flame煽动情绪， a movie fan , 影迷，

un反义前缀，tidy-untidy, happy-unhappy，comfortable-uncomfortable at least至少，

祈使句，肯定以动词原形开头，反问用will you /won’t you，否定用Don’t +动词原形，反问用will you ，Let’s …用shall we

take up占据，代词放中间 take away拿走 ,

take sth. back,收回某物 take ….to … 把…带到….

take off脱 下，起飞 take place发生 ,

take a rest 休息一下, a bit ,a little ,作状语形/副时可互换

a bit of =a little,有点儿，修饰不可数名词

on time按时 , in time及时 , from time to time有时 ,

a long time很长时间 , for the first time首次,

have a good time ,玩得高兴

be/get /become interested in 主语是人，某人对某事产生兴趣

指人的不定代词： somebody/someone, everybody /everyone , anybody/anyone, nobody/no one

指物的不定代词,anything, something, everything, nothing

play the violin ; ，play +the+乐器， play+球，

世上独一无二的加the前面出现过词的再次出现时用the

make+宾语+宾语补足语(使..处于某种状态,地位)make sb. do sth.使某人做某事，make sb/sth + 形 使某人/某物…

后接动词不定式作宾语，不要to 的有，一感feel，二听hear, listen to，三让have, let, make，四看see, look at ,watch ,notice，半帮助help，

make sb. sth=make sth for sb.为某人做某事， make money赚钱，make a living谋 生， make trouble引起麻烦， make friends with sb.与某人交朋友， make war 开战， make a fire生火， make a face做鬼脸，

make ..from用..制成（用被动） be made of用..制成（用被动） make fun of 取笑，与…开玩笑， make room for 为…让地方， make up 编造， make up one’s mind 决心，拿定主意，

现在完成时：表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作，对现在造成的影响和结果，或持续到现在的动作。常用词语already, yet ,ever ,never, just ,before, for + some time ,since，

at the end of 在…尽头，在…末尾，（时间，位置） by the end of =not later than

by the end of 到…末为止,+过去时间，用于过去完成时

by the end of+现在时间，用于现在完成时，

in the end =at last =finally,最后

end（动词） up with以…结束, come to an end 告终，结束 , begin with以…开头 , sth happen to sb某事发生在某人身上 happen to do sth.碰巧发生某事 take place发生，预料中发生的事, happen是偶然发生的， be famous for因..而出名，(外界客观)

be famous as作为….而出名，(本身身份)

be good for 对…有益 be good at擅长,

a collection of….的收藏 ,

have/ take an interest in 对某事感兴趣,

give an interview,会面，做访谈

as a result结果, as a result of 由于，因为,

also 也，肯定句中,too也，肯定/疑问句，句末，（逗号）,either也，否定，句末，逗号,

as well也，肯定，句末,

be sure确信，相信，

in life一生中, all one’s life一生，终身

buy sb .sth=buy sth for sb think about考虑，思考，想起, think of想起 think over思考

look after=take care of =care for,照顾 look over, 检查，查看, look for寻找, look up 查找/向上看,

be popular with,受…的欢迎

when , while, as的用法：

when可引用可延续性和非延续性，主从句的动词是非延续性，只用when

while引用可延续性，主从句的动词是可延续性，只用while

as常 用于同时发生的

be useful to/for 对….有用, be useful in (for )doing sth,有助于

useful 反义词useless ,比较级前加more ,最高级前加most ,

develop ,名词development ,developing 发展中.developed 发达的,

success名词 ,succeed动词, successful形容词 ,successfully副词, failure失败

some…others没有范围的“一些…另一些”，但不是全体，

some…the others某一范围的 “一些….其他”的，表全体，

one ….another不定数目中的“一个…另一个”

one ….the other两者中的“一个…另一个”

spend: sb. spend (s) some money on sth.

sb. spend(s) some time on sth.

sb. spend(s) some money (in) buying sth.

sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth.

pay: sb. pay(s) some money for sth.

cost: sth cost sb. some money

take : It takes sb. some time to do sth

It takes sb .some money to buy sth .

It’s +adj.+ for sb. +to do sth .外界原因，

It’s +adj. +of sb. +to do sth .人的品质，

remember/forget to do sth.想起/忘记要做某事，

remember/forget doing sth.想起/忘记做过某事。

in the way 以这种方式, long ago很久以前,

start ,begin当用于进行时，后用to +V原，主语是物时，后用+to V原，

such as 像…，例如， for example 句首,句中，用逗号隔开，缩写， as well as连接两相同的内容 ， come out 出版 ，开放，出现，

probably句中，不用于句未，不用于句首，

maybe可能性很小，口语， 句首

perhaps或许 句首，句中

what do you think of =how do you like

show sb .sth =show sth to sb.

try to do sth 努力做某事， try doing sth.尝试做某事

try/do one’s best (to do sth) 尽某人的最大努力(做某事),

try out试验 , try on 试穿 a piece of music一首乐曲,

动词后只跟 V-ing 的有：finish ,practice ,mind ,feel like ,miss ,keep, pardon, excuse ,suggest consider, give up ,can’t help,

主语是人need to do sth 需要做某事，, 主语是物need doing需要被做某事，

dress sb给某人穿衣 , dress oneself 自己穿衣

be/get dressed in=dress in +衣服或颜色 , find out查明，

就近原则： not only…but also ,不仅.而且

either…or ..不是…就是，或者..或者

neither…nor 既不…也不…,

there be 动词以最近的主语为标准

M2

宾语从句是在动词、介词、动词不定式等后的从句。

引导词展示关：

1. 宾语从句是陈述句时，常用that引导，that可以省略；

2. 特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，由原来的连接代词、副词引导；

3. 一般疑问句改成的，用连词if或whether引导，两者都有是否的意思，通常可以替换。不能省略。

语序应用陈述语序：主语在前，谓语动词在后，（带有宾语从句的复合句的标点符号，取决于主句的句式，与从句无关。主是陈述句，用句号，主是疑问句，用问号）

时态照应：1.主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，从句不受影响，根据从句自身的情况选用时态。

2.主句是过去时，从句也一定用过去的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时等）

3.从句是客观真理、客观自然现象等，任何时候都用一般现在时。（以Could you tell me ..../ would you tell me ...开头的不能用过去时态。）

否定转移：当主句的谓语动词是think，believe，guess，suppose等时，主句的主语是又是第一人称，人句表示的否定意义转移到主句，（反问句遵循主是我人用他，主是他就用他。）

转换“变脸”关：一些动词：tell, know,ask,show,teach,find(out),forget都可接连接（副）词+不定式（连接副词why除外）也就是疑问词+动词不定式（to）

举行会议hold a meeting；

（不挂断）等一下hold the line ,hold on，

if当“是否”讲时引导的是宾语从句，该用将来时就用将来时。

I don’t care if it will rain.

if当“如果”讲时引导的是条件状语从句。主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 I will have a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

接近于close to , 停止，关闭close down

hear of/about听说；hear from sb,收到某人的来信；

hear, see, watch, notich, 后跟V-原，表示发生了，后跟V-ing表示正在发生。

In加一段时间，常用用将来时will，用how soon 提问。

be different from与...不同； be excited about对....感到兴奋/激动；

为什么不做某事呢，做....怎么样Why don't you do that=why not do that

提建议：Let's do sth! Shall we/I do sth What (how) about doing sth

sometime过去或将来某个时候，用于过去时或将来时；

some time一段时间表，some times几次, 几倍，

sometimes 有时常用于一般现在时/一般过去时。

alone 强调单独的个体，多作表语。 lonely表示感情上的孤独。

laugh at sb.嘲笑某人， laugh oneself to death笑得要死；

worry about sb/sth.担心某人/某事；

be worried about=worry about担心的，忧虑的；

as usual照常，像平常一样；

than usual较平常.... a unusual man一个不寻常的人， pass by过去（人）从旁而过pass on (to)继续前进，传递；

touch sb to the heart.触动某人的心弦，

be in touch with与...接触；keep in touch with与....保持联系； get in (into) touch with与....取得联系；

lose touch with与....失去联系， touch off触发，激起。

It doesn't matter.不要紧； the matter麻烦事；

no matter how(what, when ,where...)不管怎样（什么，哪里，何时..）

How many 多少，用于可数名词数量提问，后跟名词复数;

how much多少，用于不可数名词数量或价格提问，

how old 多大，对年龄进行提问；

how long多长，多久，对一段时间和物体长度进行提问,

how tall多高，对有生命事物高度提问，多指人和树;

how often多久，对事物的频率进行提问，如对这些提问often, usually, sometimes, never, always, three times a day, twice a week, once a month等

how soon 多快，对将来时的时间状语in+一段时间提问

how far多远，对距离进行提问。

how high 多高，对无生命事物高度提问，多用于山、建筑物等;

be afraid of doing sth.担心,害怕发生某种后果;

be afraid to do sth be afraid that 从句

make friends with sb.和某人交朋友， a piece of advice一条建议

a piece of information一条信息; a piece of news一条新闻

want to do sth=would like to do sth=feel like doing sth.想要做某事。

not...any more=no more不再，表示次数上或程度上不再，

not ...any longer=no longer不再，表示时间上不再延续。

电话常语:Is that sb.(speaking) This is sb (speaking)

Sb speaking/Speaking. May I speak to sb

Hold on ,please. Can I take a meesage, please

Who is that /Who is calling

expect to do sth,预计做某事 so much如此多,

on one's way to在某人去...的路上by the way顺便说一下，

in one's way 阻挡, in a(one) way某种程度上，在某点上

one's own某人自己的 ,

on one’s own 某人自己/独自=by oneself=alone

no one 一般不与of连用，动词用单数，指人，但不具体指，常用来回答who/anyone/anybody引导的疑问句。

none与of连用，动词可用单/复数，具体指什么人或物，用来回答how many +n./how much +n./any +n.引导的疑问句。

nothing 指物，不用于人，动词用单数，用来回答anything ,what 引导的疑问句。

talk to /with sb.与某人交谈， talk about sb.与某人谈论某事

at the moment;此时此刻 make sb do sth.使某人做某事

give/take /follow/ask for a piece of advice.

Would you like sth Yes ,please/No ,thanks.

Would you like to do sth. Yes, I'd like/love to.

have fun（doing sth）做某事很愉快 call back回电话；

call sb. back 给某人回电话， hold the line请稍等，

立刻right now ,at once, right away ， 刚才just now.

take a message for sb, 为某人捎信，

leave a message for sb.为某人留口信。

whether.....or not是否 welcome to ....欢迎来......

in fact事实上， a couple of 几个，两个。

be different from与...不同， be the same as .与...一样

a pair of 一双，一对，是不能分开的，缺一不可，

a couple of ,是同一类事物中相关的两个。

Good luck with....祝.....顺利。Good luck to sb.表示祝某人幸运； early autumn初秋，late autumn晚秋， junior high school初级中学，

far away遥远的，(be) far away from=(be) far from离....远

so far到现在为止，与现在完成时连用；

turn back折回，往回走；

without a word没有说话； get in touch with和...取得联系；

keep in touch with和....保持联系 change one’s life 改变某人的生活

what’s the matter with you=what’s wrong with you=what’s the trouble with you=What’s the problem with you

believe in sb.信任某人 at first起初；

first of all首先，第一； so….that如此….以至于…；

too…to…太…而不能… 　　take pride in以…自豪

in public公开地，当众; at that time=at that moment在那时

day by day一天天地　　　　turn back转身

smile at 对…微笑， laugh at sb嘲笑某人

play jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑　　tell jokes 讲笑话

if 与whether的用法：

在ask，know，wonder等动词后引导一个宾语从句时，可以互换。

1、引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，只能用whether

2、如果其后接动词不定式，则只能用whether

I can’t make up my mind whether to go or not .

3、用于介词之后时，只能用whether

4、与or not 连接时，只用whether而不用if .

5、if可引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，

6、even if 和as if 中的if不能换成whether

M 3

动词不定式与动词的ing形式作宾语

1、常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词。一些动词后面常跟不定式作宾语，如want ,agree, decide等。口诀：

要想　拒绝　忘记 want , refuse ,forget

需要　努力　学习 need , try , learn

喜欢　同意　帮助 like, agree, hel[

希望　决定　开始 hope ,wish ,decide, begin ,start

2、常见的跟动词的ing形式作宾语的动词。

这些词主要有： finish, enjoy, ,practice等。

完成 练习 值得忙 finish, practice, be worth , be busy,

继续 习惯 别放弃 keep on ,be used to ,give up

考虑 建议 不禁 想 consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like,

喜欢 思念 要介意 enjoy, miss, mind

3、有的动词既可以跟动词不定式，也可以跟动词的ing形式作宾语，但意义差别很大。

(1) forget to do sth. /forget doing sth.

forget doing 忘了做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记要做某事

(2) remember to do sth.记着要做某事 remember doing记着做过某事

(3) stop to do sth.停下去做另一件事

stop doing sth.停止正在做的某事/不做某事

everybody /everyone每个人,动词用第三人称单数,用于否定句中表示部分否定。

thank sth(doing sth) =thanks for/thank you for sth(doing sth)…为…而向某人表示感谢，后加v-ing；

take sb .around=show sb. around带领某人参观,

look out (for)当心；小心 ,

look at看 , look like 看起来,

look for寻找, look after照顾,

look up 查找，向上看, look out of向…外面看 ,

look forward to盼望，期待 , look over检查,

Don’t mention it不客气 ,It’s my pleasure. That’s all right ./You’re welcome. /Not at all.用于回复别人的感谢。

keep (on) doing sth.反复做某事

keep …(from) doing sth.阻止/防止…做某事，同/stop/prevent …(from) doing sth.

keep away（使）离开,，（使）不接近 keep back阻止，留在后面

keep…in mind把…记在心里 help sb. do sth 帮助某人做某事，

help sb. with sth .在某方面帮助某人

can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事

help oneself/ help oneself to sth自用或自取某物

report sth .to sb.把某事向某人汇报

would like/want, 想 would like to do sth.=want to sth.

would you like =do you want Me ,too.我也是，前句是肯定句。

Me, either. 前句是否定句。　　　prepare for为…作准备

watch ,see ,look at ,notice ,read 的区别：

watch,指仔细观看，看电视、球赛等

see 指看望某人，看电影，看医生等。

look at 仅表示看这个动作。

notice 指偶尔看到；注意到；觉察到

read指看书；看报。

the end of …的结尾

agree with同意某人，同意某人的看法或观点,

agree to对…表示同意 agree on愿意;答应,认同

each other 两者之间的“彼此，互相”

one another 三者或三者以上之间“相互；彼此。”

look down向下看 ,　 look down upon藐视，看不起,

look up to尊重；尊敬 ,　　　　in radio在播音方面,

Shouldn’t you be at school是一个否定疑问句，用于表示惊讶情绪，答语和反问回答是一致的，针对事实作答。

explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事。When I was about four or five years old =at the age of four or five. 亲自in person

ask for要… ask sb. for sth向某人要某物

learn from.向…学习　　learn about /of听说，了解到

learn…by oneself=teach oneself自学

close down 停止（播音），关闭

动词变表示人的名词时通常加er，也有部分单词加or构成

run—runner play—player sing—singer win—winner report—reporter manage—manager act –actor visit—visitorcollect—collector invent—inventor operate –operator conduct –conductor售票员/列车乘务员

in front of 在….前，在事物外部的前面, in the front of在事物内部的前面 sound like听起来像… introduce sb .to sb.把某人介绍给某人 the lives of …的命运

表示建议的句型有：

1、Shall we…我们…好吗 2、Let’s ….让我们…

3、What /how about…怎么样 4、Why don’t you/we..=Why not…为什么不5、Would you like….你愿意..吗回答时用I’d like/love to . sorry ,but ….

对于建议肯定回答:Good idea./OK/Sure/ All right./Why not/Great/Yes, I’d love to

对于建议否定回答：I’m sorry ,I’m afraid …/I’d love to ,but …..

score a goal 进一球

M 4

play back回放， turn on 打开，多指打开电器、水龙头等 ，

turn off 关上、lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人

borrow =borrow sth form sb.向某人借来某物，

借一段时间用keep.

send sb. sth=send sth. to sb.

send away 派出，送出,　　　send up发射 ,

send for派人去请,

connect ….to /with… 把…和…连接

save one’s life 挽救某人的生命，pick up 捡起，拾起，

bite sb. on the hand咬某人的手，a few days earlier几天前

a few days later 几天以后　climb out of 从….爬出来，

take a photo of 给…拍照

怎么啦：

is wrong with sb./sth. ’s the matter with sb./sth ’s the trouble with sb./sth

wait for等待 can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待地去做某事

a text message一条短信息

look on sb. as把某人看作….

get /be ready to do sth准备好做某事，乐意做某事

get /be ready for sth=prepare for为…准备好

receive a postcard 收到一张明信片,

on the front of 在前面,在正面, on the back,在背面,在后面

what kind of什么种类，哪种, a kind of 一种,

all kinds of 各类各样的

kind of有点儿，相当于a little, a bit ,

take a photo=take photos,拍照 look up仰视，查找（字典） ,

look sb. up and down,上下打量看某人 look up to 尊敬，仰视, look after照顾 , look down on(upon)看不起，瞧不起, look forward to doing sth盼着做某事 , look through,浏览

send a message home,给家里发信息

send sb sth=send sth to sb.,

play back回放 , turn on 开, turn off 关, turn down关小 ,turn up 开大,

come on赶快 , come from, 来自 come back回来, come along ,跟着来 come over,顺便来访 come down落下，降落

hurt oneself伤害某人自己 save one’s life挽救某人的生命

bite sb .on the hand 咬了某人的手

across强调从一定范围的一边到另一边，且在物体表面上沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作。

through表示从某一范围的一端到另一端，但它表示的动作是在内部空间进行的，往往掼穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。

over用作“穿过，通过”时，表示到达高的障碍物的另一侧.

pick up ,捡起 a few一些，几个，用于名词复数形式肯定，

few很少，几乎没有，用于名词复数形式否定 a little 有一点，用于不可数名词 表肯定，little很少，几乎没有 表否定

on business ,出差

借入borrow ，借出lend，借一段时间keep

with和…一起，具有带有；携带；与…同时，随着；由于，因为；表示行为方式；就…来说，关于。

What is the price of sth=How much is/are sth.某物多少钱

be surprised to do sth做某事而感到惊奇，

a few days earlier几天前，

show ….to …..把…给…看， suggest to sb向某人提建议，

Irish爱尔兰的,Ireland爱尔兰，Irishman 爱尔兰男人, Irishwoman爱尔兰女人

wait for sb./sth等待某人/某物 hide sth from sb把某事瞒着某人. take medicines服药，

be surprised at sth.对…感到惊奇 be surprised that+从句

in surprise 惊奇地,　　to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是

leave for sb动身去某地 leave sp 离开某地

M　5

if 引出的条件状语从句的时态‘

1.主句用一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来；

2.当主句用祈使句或情态动词时,从句通常用一般现在时。

3.如果主句中的动词是want,hope等 词,则用一般现在时。

4. if引导的条件状语从句与祈使句的转换

主语为you的条件状语从句可与“祈使句+and/or+一般讲来时简单句”句式互换。

If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam. ---Work harder ,and you’ll pass the exam.

If you don’t hurry up ,you ‘ll miss the train.—Hurry up ,or you’ll miss the train.

be able to能，会，（有人称、数和时态的变化）

all together一起， at the end of 在…结束时， take off 卸掉，拿走；起飞；脱下 at least 至少 after all 毕竟，

help sb .with sth 帮助某人做某事， hurry up赶快，

use…for用….来干，be used to do sth=be used for (doing) sth被用来干某事， be used by被…用， offer to do sth提供帮助做某事，

be good at =do well in 擅长，

be weak in=do badly in在…方面弱。

have a chance to do sth=have a chance of doing sth.有做某事的机会

punish sb for sth因…而惩罚某人，

one of +名词复数，动词用单数。…之一，

one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数　动词用三单，最….之一 花费时间和某人/某物在一起spend some time with sb/sth. too much 太多， 后跟不可数名词,

much too太，非常 后跟形容词或副词。

be proud of =take pride in 以….自豪

send sb .away 把…送走，把…撵走，把…开除,

so 是副词，通常修饰形容词，副词，

表示“这么多（少）”so many/much/few/little+名词

such是形容词，常修饰名词，放在a/an之前，all, no ,one ,few ,several ,some ,any ,many等词之后，可以修饰各种名词。

such+a/an +adj.+单数名词＝so +adj.+a/an +单数名词

such adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数

ask to do sth要求做某事， ask sb to sth要求某人做某事，

ask for请求， ask for trouble自找麻烦

be sure to do sth一定…，必须….,

be sure of sth /be sure that意为确信 .

be sure of doing sth.有把握做某事

offer to do sth提出做某事，愿意做某事

steal sth from sb. steal sb .sth.

go to sleep 入睡，睡着 , go to bed 上床睡觉,

go to sleep /fall asleep /get to sleep入睡，睡着， be asleep睡得很熟 ,

be fast asleep睡得很熟 be sleeping正在睡觉。

be tired of 厌烦….对…感到厌烦

adj./adv.+enough for sb. +to do sth做某事对某人来说够….。

instead of 代替，而不是

in the front of 在..前面（内部） at the back of .在….后面

be angry at /about sth.因某事而生气 be angry with /at sb.和某人生气

be able to do sth能够， refuse to do sth拒绝，

would rather do sth than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事

warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事

write to sb.给某人写信 use sth .to do sth.用某物做某事

go wrong ,出毛病，出错 use ….for 用…..来做

onto 到….之上, into到….之内， out of 从…出来 这些词语常与动态词连用

make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误，

be angry to do sth .做某事很生气 ， be angry with doing 因某人做了某事而生气，

first …second首先…其次，

感叹句：

感叹的中心落在形容词、副词或整个句子上，用how引导感叹句。即：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！

感叹的中心落在名词上，用引导感叹句。

即： what+a/an+形容词 +可数名词单数+主语+谓语！

what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语！

what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！

pocket money零用钱， after all不管怎样，毕竟

hurry up赶快 , in a hurry匆忙地 ,

hurry to do sth.匆忙去做某事 save up积攒，储存，

on one’s way to 在某人去某地的路上，（副词不用to），

be broken破了，坏了

agree with 后面常 接表示人或意见（看法）的名词或代词作宾语

feel sorry for 对…感到抱歉，对…感到遗憾 find …difficult发现..困难

get into trouble招惹麻烦，陷入麻烦，the first (one) to do sth.第一个做某事的人

start with =begin with以…作开始

warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告/提醒某人（不要）做某事

warn sb. against sth ./doing sth.提醒/警告某人不要做某事

warn sb. of/ about sth.警告某人某事 warn sb. that警告某人…..

M　6

Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。

直接引语改为间接引语

引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语

一、如何变人称：

下面有一句顺口溜“一从主。二从宾，三不动”。“一从主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.

“二从宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：

He said to Kate. "How is your sister now"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。

“三不动新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：

1. 直接引语是陈述句时

间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。

He said , "You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him.

2.直接引语是疑问句时

间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。

（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。

She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers"

→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.

She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you"

→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.

（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。

I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight"

→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。

He asked , "Where do you live" →He asked me where I lived.

3.直接引语是祈使句时

间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t 变为not ）.

The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.

His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.

⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：

He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

[注意]

（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如：

He said, "Let’s go to the theatre."

→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.

(2) "Would you mind opening the window" he asked.

→He asked me to open the window.

"Why don’t you take a walk after supper" he asked .

→he advised me to take a walk after supper.

"Shall we listen to the music" he asked.

→He suggested listening to the music.

间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。

He said , "You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him.

2.直接引语是疑问句时

间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。

（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。

She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers"

→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.

She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you"

→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.

（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。

I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight"

→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。

He asked , "Where do you live" →He asked me where I lived.

3.直接引语是祈使句时

间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t 变为not ）.

The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.

His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.

⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：

He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

[注意]

（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如：

He said, "Let’s go to the theatre."

→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.

(2) "Would you mind opening the window" he asked.

→He asked me to open the window.

"Why don’t you take a walk after supper" he asked .

→he advised me to take a walk after supper.

"Shall we listen to the music" he asked.

→He suggested listening to the music.

4.直接引语是感叹句时

间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。

She said, "What a lovely day it is !"

→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.

5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：

[注意]

（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：

The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."

→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：

He said to me, "I was born in 1973."

→He told me that he was born in 1973.

(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：

He said, "I’m a boy, not a girl."

→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：

The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."

→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.

(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：

He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."

→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：

The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."

→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.

He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."

→He said that he could swim when he was only six.

fall asleep 入睡， go to bd 上床睡觉　反义词get up ，

too….to太…而不能… 相当于so+adj. +that +否定句　或者 be not +形容词的反义词＋enough to do sth.

clap and cheer 鼓掌欢呼 everyone后用in＋ 接集体名名词 every one

后用of +具体名词或代词（复数） ber worried about=worry about担心

fight for 为（事业、自由、真理）而斗争 fight against,为反对…而斗争接人、国家名词时可fight with互换

这些时间状语前不加介词：

today, tomorrow, tonight, next day/week /month/year…,this morning/afternoon

/evening/week….the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow,

be lost 迷路，延续性get lost迷路 ，非延续性

face to face面对面， be faced with面临， lose face丢脸

make faces做鬼脸true to life,反映真实生活的

in one’s opinion以某人的观点，在某人看来 ,as though,好像,

even though,即使，纵然　　in action使起作用，使生效和，在活动中

except, but表示在整体中除去一部分，一般用来排除同类，除..之外常和all,every,no,not,any等词连用，一般可互换，但如果跟副词，介词短语等，不能用but。

besides,除….之外，还有，包括了后面的宾语在内

except for把某一点除外，若无…..用于排除异类，用于说明基本情况后在细节上加以修正补充。

except that后接从句，与except for意思一样，用来强调或细节，补充前面所说的话。

advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事， advise doing建议做某事

I beg your pardon 请你再说一遍 plenty of 许多；大量

compete to do sth通过竞赛，比赛来做事compete for为….而竞争；竞争获得… compete against /with 与…竞争/比赛

pleased ,高兴的，乐意的，相当于happy,/glad,常作表语，与with连用表示“对…感到满意。” pleasure, 名词，愉快；高兴；乐事。

pleasant,形容词，令人愉快的，高兴的，常作定语、表语

please动词，使高兴；使满意。常用在as /what /where等词后表示“想，选择，喜欢”多用于祈使句。

among 表示在三者或三者以上之间，between表示在两者之间。

a very exciting place 一个非常激动人心的地make friengs with sb.与某人交朋友

look after sb. 照顾某人 both ….and.. ….和….都

someone else 别人 be pleased to do sth.做某事很高兴

be pleased with sb ,对某人很满意 be pleased at /about sth.对某事/物很满意

a very +adj.+n.=quite a/an+adj.+n.

excite,interest,bore,tire,relax,worry,这些词语后加ing修饰物，可作定语，后加ed修饰人，只做表语。 explain away解释开,

look after sb=take care of look after sb well=take good care of sb.

must 开头的疑问句，回答：用：yes, ..must. no,…needn’t/ no..don’t have to

plenty of =much/many, a large /great number of =many,

a great deal of =much

enjoy oneself/have a good time/have fun/have a great time玩得高兴

go to bed去睡觉

sleep指睡觉的全过程，用于进行时表示正在睡觉

asleep只作表语， a sleeping baby一个睡着的婴儿

What do you think of…. How do you like….

be on 上演，上映 put on 穿上，

come on跟着来， later on后来以后，

and so on等等 look sb. in the face 直视某人

in (the) face of…在…前面 take action采取行动，

sometimes/usually/always/often/never once/twice/数字＋times 这些表频率，提问用how often

初中九年级英语知识点总结

M 1

1、a wonder of… …的奇迹

2、come in 进来

3、sit down 坐下

4、what’s happening 发生什么事了

5、have a meeting 开会

6、That’s news to me! 我一点都不知道

7、school magazine 校刊

8、listen up 注意（听）

21、ancient pyramids in Egypt 埃及古金字塔

22、a fantastic idea 一个极好的注意

23、on the edge of… …的边缘

24、the Grand Canyon 大峡谷

25、the greatest wonder of… …的奇迹

26、the natural world 自然界

27、arrive at(in) 到达小（大）地方 get reach+n

28、get out of… 从…走出（下）；离开

29、go through 通过 go across=cross 横穿过

30、walk along 沿着…走

31、in(on to) the east of… 在…东方

32、light 光线，明亮的

33、in front of… 在……的前面 in the front of 在……的前部

34、in five minutes 五分钟后, 在五分钟内

35、look over 参观，察看，检查

36、too…to… 太…而不能…

Sb./Sth. is not too+形容词+to do sth. 不是太…，而能做某事

The book is not too hard to read. 这本书不难，可以读。

37、fall away 沉降 go down 下沉，沉没

38、down to… 下到…

39、below 斜下 above 斜上 under 下 on 上

40、one of… …之一

41、look down 向下看（不及物短语,后可跟不同介词，表示向下看的具体地方）

42、look down on/upon 看不起

43、at the bottom of… 在…底部

44、at the top of 在…顶部 on the top of 在…上方

45、look across 眺望

46、look to one’s left to one’s right 朝某人左边看看，再朝右边看看

47、to（on） the other side of… 向(在)…的另一边

48、on both sides of… 在…的两边

49、disappear 消失 appear 出现

50、into/in the distance= far away 在远处，在远方

51、How far/wide/long/deep is it 它有多远/宽/长/深

52、what do you think 你怎么想呢

53、be/get afraid of sth. 害怕… be/get afraid to do sth. 害怕做…

be afraid that… 害怕，恐怕

54、quite a few/a good few 相当多

55、a (great,large) number of 许多 用于修饰可数名词复数，当它修饰的内容做主语时，谓语动词用复数

the number of …的数目/数量/数字，作主语时，谓语用单数

56、become强调状态变化 The man has become a writer.

grow强调变化过程 My sister is growing tall.

turn强调变化结果 Her face turns red.

get 强调变化过程 It gets colder and colder.

become of= happen to sb./sth. 发生，遭遇

I wonder what had become of the man

=I wonder to know what had happened to the man

我想知道那个男人遭遇了什么事

57、because of 由于，因为（后跟名词、代词、动名词） because (后跟句子)

58、as … as one can = as … as possible 尽可能的…

附：

1、How/What about sth./sb./ doing sth.某人/某物/做某事怎么样

boy called Tom 一个名叫

3. faster and faster越来越快

4. reply to sth./sb. 答复某事/某人 suggest doing sth.建议做某事

5. more and more people 越来越多人

the future 在将来

7. all kinds of 各种各样

8. look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事

9. thousands of 成千上万的

10. be able to do sth. 能/.会做某事

M 2

1Confucius’ works 孔夫子的著作 此句中work 是可数名词，著作、作品

2主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词 一般现在时的被动语态

3 what’s up =what’s going on=what’s happening=what happened

=what’s wrong=what’s the matter 怎么了 What’s up with sb. …怎么了 up to do sth. 从事于…

4 look for 寻找

5 get sth. right 把某事弄清楚

6主语+was/were+动词过去分词 一般过去时被动语态

7 as far as 就…来说，凭…；直到…，远到…

8 not any more=no more=not any longer=no longer 不再…

8 it’s a pity. 真遗憾

10 think about=think of 考虑

11 sound like 听起来像 look like 看起来像

12、a good idea = a great idea 一个好主意

13 go on doing sth. 继续干某事

14、look for 寻找

15、a bit 一点儿 修饰形容词原形 a bit of + 名词 一点…

not a bit 一点儿也不 not a little = very 非常

16、be influenced by one’s thought 受某人的思想的影响

17、millions of 数百万的

18、be known as 作为…而出名，被称作 as 后接名称、身份等词

be known for 因…而出名 for 后接成名的原因

19、be famous as 作为…而出名be famous for 因…而闻名

20、a great thinker 伟大的思想家

21、in fact 实际上

22、be popular …受欢迎

23、perhaps = maybe 也许 副词 may be 也许 谓语结构

24why don’t you do sth. = why not do sth. 何不…

25、lively 活泼的 likely 可能的

26、clever = bright 聪明的

27、many exciting adventures 许多刺激的冒险

28、run away with 与…一起逃跑

29、in the middle of 在…中间

30、go + V-ing 表示‘去干… ’ go looking for treasures 去寻宝

31、get lost 迷路

32、in a cave 在一个洞穴中

33、a box of gold 一箱黄金

34、decide to do sth. 决定干某事

35、one’s own funeral 某人自己的葬礼

36、be surprised to do sth. 干某事感到吃惊

37、be pleased to do sth. 干某事令某人感到高兴

38、the hero of … 的英雄，… 的主人公

39、be afraid of 害怕…

40、with fair hair 留着一头金发

41、beautiful 漂亮的 通用词，语气最强，不用于男性

Pretty 美丽可爱的 语气较弱，多于用小孩、妇女和比较细小的东西

good-looking 相貌好看 语气较弱，可用于修饰男性和女性

handsome 仪表堂堂，英俊的 主要用于男性

42、the theme of …的主

43 be to do with… 与…有关

42talk about 谈到，谈论关于…

43social rules 社会规则 obey the rules 遵守规则

44be punished for 因…而受到惩罚

45bad behaviour 不良行为

46All over the world = around the world 全世界

47in English 用英语

48It’s thought to be … 被认为；据说

49one of …之一

50make sth. into … 将…造成… make sb. into … 使某人成为…

51as well 也，又 用于句末，强调除了…还有…

52intend to do … 打算/ 准备做某事 = intend doing

53even if 即使 引导的让步状语从句含有更多的假定性

even though 尽管 引导的让步状语从句含有更多的实际性

54loud 响亮地，大声地 多指谈笑方面，与speak talk laugh sing 连用，放在动词后

aloud 只能做副词，出声地，强调声音能被听见，与read think 连用。与call cry 连用时，思是高声地、大声地

55instead 代替 表肯定，常用于句末instead of … 而不是… 句首句末都可以

附：

far as 就……来说,至于

2. not …any more 不再……

of 数百万的

4. run away 逃跑;潜逃

5. for a time 暂时,一度

6. grow up 成长,长大成人

7. talk about 谈论

8. think about 考虑

9. sound like 听起来像……

10. look for 寻找

11. be known as… 作为……而闻名/知名

be known/famous for 以…而闻名/出名

12. at the end of 在……末尾/尽头

13. get lost 迷路

surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊奇

be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊奇

to one’s surprise 令某人惊奇的是

15. be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事

be pleased with sth./sb对某事/某人感到高兴/满意

have to do with sb./sth. 和某人/某事有关

17. all over the world 全世界

18. in the 19th century 在19世纪

19. try to do sth. 努力/设法去做某事

20. prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事

prefer sth./doing sth. to sth./doing sth. 与某物/做某事相比,更喜欢某物/做某事

prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁可做某事也不要做某事

21. in fact 事实上

22. sothing else 别的一些东西

M3

1、一般将来时被动语态：主语 + will / shall +be + 动词的过去分词

2、look tired 看上去累train for

3、 为了…而培训

4、big match 重大比赛

5、next week 下星

6、against 与…对抗，对着；相反，逆着，反抗

7、stand for 代表，象征，意味着

8、be defeated 被击败

9、last time 上次

10、what’s the score 比分是多少

11、A 分数+ point to + B 分数 A与B的比分是…

Point to 指向 point at 指着point out 指出next Saturday 下周六

12、Are you coming 你要来吗 表示位移的动词如come go move 等，它们的现在进行时表示的是一般将来时态、

13、a tough match 一场激烈的比赛

14、write a report for 为…而写一篇报道

15、be chosen 被选上

16、chose (动) 选择 choice （名）选择

17、see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事的全部过程，事情已经结束了

被动语态应改为 be seen to do sth.

see sb. doing sth. 看见了某人正在干某事的一个片段，该事情不一定已经结束

18 several times 有几次

19 this seasom 这个季节，这个赛季

20 、

21、no chance = not any chance 没有机会

22、what do you reckon 你估计如何

23、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人干某事 allow doing sth. / sth. 允许…

permit 比allow 正式，更积极主动

24、如此…以至于…

（1）so…that… 结构

① so + 形容词 / 副词+ that 从句

②so + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句

③so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句

④so + 形容词 + a / an +单数可数名词+that 从句

(2) such…that … 结构

①such + a /an +形容词+单数可数名词+ that 从句

②such + 形容词+不可数名词 / 复数名词 + that 从句

相关链接：in order to enough to do sth. too…to…

25、ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人干某事

26、let sb. do sth. 让某人干某事

27、get to sb. 影响某人

28、be mad with sb. 生某人的气 后用介词for about 等引导的短语说明导致生气的原因

be mad with 也可表示：因…而极度快乐

be mad about with 迷恋某物

28 in order to do 后跟不定式短语，做目的状语，可放在句首。意思是：为的是；目的是；为了

30 so as to do 不可放在句首

31 try harder to do sth. 更加努力干某事

32、show 证明…

33、train for 为…而训练

34、first of all 首先

35、invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人干某事

36、around the world = all over the world 全世界

37、be chosen to represent 被选作代表…

38、a symbol of …的象征

39、now that 由于…；既然…

40、make sure 确信

41、advise (动)建议 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干某事

advice (不可数名词) 建议 a piece of advice 一条建议

42、an overnight success 一蹴而就

43、encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事 encourage sb. in sth.鼓励某人正在干的事情

44、set up 建立，开业（侧重开始） build 建造，修建 eastablish 建成

45、compare … with… 将…与…作比较 （找出不同之处）

compare …to… 将…比作… （找出相似之处）

46、find out 找出，发现

47、sb. spend money(time) on sth. 某人在某事上花费金钱（时间）

sb. spend time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事

sb. pay for 某人支付…的费用

sth. cost … 某物花费某人金钱

It takes sb. some time to do sth.干某事花费某人多长时间

48、go for 一如既往；为…而去找；去请；努力获取

49、leave out 省略，遗漏，省去

leave for 离开某地去某地 （后跟目的地）

50、take up 占据（时间或空间）；专注于；开始从事

51、so far 到目前为止；至今；到那时

52、find it + 形容词+ to do sth. 发现干某事…

53、without + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词 无，不，没有

54、continue with = go on with 使某事物继续存在或不断发生

55、another + 数词+ 名词 = 数词+ more + 名词 另外的… another 泛指另一个

56、stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事

stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

57、take part in 参与；参加 多指参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗、庆祝活动

join 加入，参加 多指加入某种组织

附：

sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

2. stand for 代表,象征

3. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人去做某事

4. set up 建立,创立(公司,机构等)

5. first of all 首先

6. have no choose to do/to do sth. 没有机会做某事

7. so …that 如此……以致

8. get to sb. 让某人感到烦恼

mad with sb. 生某人的气

10. invite sb. to do sth/某地 邀请某人去做某事/某地

11. make sure 确信,确保,务必

12. compare…to 把……比作……

compare…with… 把……与……相比

13. find out 找出,弄清楚,查出

14. take up 占据,占用(时间,空间等)

15. advise sb to do sth. 劝告某人做某事

16. ten—year –old 十岁大的

a ten—year –old boy 一个十岁大的男孩

17. less than 不到,少于

more than 超过,多于

18. It’s ＋形＋(for sb.) ＋to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)是……

M 4

1、Can I ask a favour =please do me a favour . =May I ask a favour of you 请您帮个忙好

2、borrow 借入 borrow sth. from sb. 从…借入…

lend 借出 lend sth. to sb. 把…借给…

digital camera 数码相机

3 would like to do sth.= want to do sth. =feel like doing sth. 想要干某事

4、on ①在…上 与under 相反 ②关于（强调学术性） 与about 近义 ③表示正在进行或从事某种活动 on + 名词+to +名词 正在…之中on a visit to his to the seaside 在参观海滨

5、现在完成时的时间状语标志词：ever never since for just already yet

其中：just 用于肯定句already 已经 用于肯定句中yet 还 用于否定句、疑问句中

6、two issues 两期

7、现在完成时的被动语态： 主语+ have / has + been +动词过去分词

8、what’s wrong with you = what’s the matter with you =what’s the trouble with you

9、Do you mean … 你的意思是…

mean + doing mean + sth. mean +从句 意味着…，意思是…

10、on website 在网上 on screen 在屏幕上

11、情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be +动词的过去分词

12get … from … 从…获得…

13be replaced 被取代

14、write … for … 为…写…

15、a couple of 几个，两三个

16、turn off 关闭 turn on 打开 turn up 调高 turn down 调低 turn in 上交

17anyway = anyhow 无论如何，不管怎样

18、see to 处理，办理；照顾；修理 see to it that 务必使… ；保证使…

19、promise 许诺；答应（某人）给予某物 后接名词、代词、不定式、从句

20、left 留下、剩下、丢失

21、Is that clear 明白吗

22、It doesn’t matter 没关系

23、more +比较级+ and +比较级 更… 更…

比较级+and +比较级 越来越

24、on one’s way to 在某人去…的路上

25、start +to do sth/ doing sth. /sth. 开始干… / 开始… /创办…

26、look through 浏览，仔细看

27、the posters with photos of …的海报

28、go to sleep 入睡 be sleeping 正在睡觉 fall asleep 熟睡

29、imagine 想象

30、由…制造: be made of （可见原材料） be made from (不可见原材料)

be made in (产地) be made by (制造者、通过某种方法制造)

31in those days 在那个时期/ 年代；那时；当时 类似于at that time

days 时期、年代

32、at a time 一次，每次

33、by hand 手工制作的，由传递者送交

34、learn to do sth. 学会干某事

35、at the beginning of 在…之初（用于一般现在时和一般过去时），与at the end of 反义

36、as a result 作为结果

37、after that 从那以后

38、spread quickly 迅速传播

38、in a way 在某种程度上，从某个意义上说 也可说成 in one way

40、compare with 与…相比较

41、in the future 在将来

42、download from 从…下载

43、rather than do sth. 而不 ；宁愿…不愿

44、such as 诸如 （后接一个或多个短语） for example 例如 （后接一个句子）

45、one day 某一天

46、be used for doing sth. …被用来做…

be used to do sth. …被用来做…

used to do sth. 过去常常干某事

be used to doing sth. 习惯于…

47、动词不定式的被动语态：当不定式的逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受着时，不定式一般要用被动形式

48、search … for… 搜查（某对象）寻找（某目标）

in search of = in one’s search for 寻找（某目标）

49、what’s more 而且；此外

50、be named after… 是被动语态 是以…命名

name sb. after… 是主动语态 以…为某人命名

name sb./sth. +名词 把某人或某物取名为…

get its name from … 从…得到自己的名字

a favour( of sb.) 请求(某人)帮助

the age of 在……岁时

to 负责,注意

4. look through 浏览

5. at a time 一次

6. at the beginning of 在……的开始

7. rather than 而不是

8. one day 某天

9. would like to do sth. /feel like doing sth. 想要做某事

10. take photos 拍照片

11. from now on 从现在起

from then on 从那时起

12. be used for sth./doing sth. \be used to do sth. 被用来做某事

be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事

be used as 被用作……

couple of months 几个月

14. turn off 关掉 turm on 打开

turn up 调高(音量) turn down 调低

15. lend sth. to sb.借某物给某人

borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物

16. look after/ take care of 关心

17. leave sth. in/ at＋地方 把某物留在某地

18. on one’s way to 在往……的路上

19. go to sleep 去睡觉

20. be made of 由……制成/构成 (制出的成品能看出原材料)

be made from 由……制成/构成(制出的成品不能看出原材料)

be made in ＋地方 在某地制造

be made by ＋执行者 由某人制造

21. in the 19th century 在十九世纪

22. as a result 结果是

23. in a way 在某种程度上/意义上

24. so that 以便,以致

25. It is said that… 据说

M5

26、祈使句：用于请求劝告或命令的句子。一般由Be Do Don’t Let 等构成，称为V型。还有：①N 型: No smoking 禁止吸烟 ②Adj 型：Careful! 小心！ ③Adv 型：Quickly! 快！

27、look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事，期盼做某事

28、on one’s own 独自（可单独做表语或状语） by oneself 亲自

29、pay attention to 注意（后跟名词、代词、动名词） don’t pay any attention 不在意

30、过去分词的否定形式也表示祈使语气；Swimming Not Allowed. 禁止游泳

31、alone ①形容词 单独的，独一无二的 只可作表语 ②副词 单独地，独自（客观状态，无感情色彩）

lonely 只作形容词 孤独的，寂寞的，荒凉的 既可作表语也可做定语（表示人的情感）

She lives alone but she dosen’t feel loely.

He is a lonely man but he doesn’t feel alone.

32、as well 也，又 用于句末 但不用逗号隔开，而too须用逗号隔开

also 也，还 用于肯定句中，位于be动词之后，实义动词前

too 也 用于肯定句句末，用逗号与句子隔开

either 也 用于否定句句末，用逗号与句子隔开

33、upstairs downstairs here there 等都是副词，前面有动词时，中间不可加介词

34、come on 快点

35、against the rules 违反规定 obey the rules 遵守规则

36、have to = have got to 不得不，必须（客观原因） It’s dark, I have to go home.

Must 必须（主观意愿，指说话人强加的义务）You must go home now !

37、hang on a minute 等一下

38、go up 上去

39、come back 回来

40、what’s the matter 怎么啦=what’s wrong with you =what’s the trouble with you

41、look at the sign. 看这个标志

42、by Friday 星期五之前 by 直到…为止

43、go off 走了 He’s (=He has ) gone off on his own. 他一个人走了

= He’s gone off alone.

44、amazing sculpture 奇妙的雕像

45、just 刚才，刚刚；正好；只想

46、take a photo 拍照

47、hurry up 赶快（不用于否定句，常用语命令句） Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

in a hurry 匆忙的（地）慌忙的（地） You are always in a hurry.

be in no hurry to do 不急于做…；无意…；不愿意…

I’m in no hurry to buy a car. 我并不急于买车

in one’s hurry to do sth. 匆忙之中干某事，情急之下干某事

48、you are taking so long. 你耽搁时间太长了

49、It’s kind of familiar! 有点熟悉呀!

a kind of 一种 all kinds of 各种各样的 kind of 多少有点，有几分

of a kind ①同种类的 They are all of a kind. 他们全是同一类的

②徒有其名的，劣质的，勉强算是…的 She made us coffee of a kind, but it had no taste. 她给我们泡了劣质的咖啡，什么味道也没有

50、look like 看起来像 sound like 听起来像

51、No wonder 难怪，怪不地，不足为奇

52、very funny 太有意思了

53、No photography 禁止拍照

54、no allowed to do 不允许做

55、allow sb. to do sth.允许某人干某事

56、what sb. can see and do sp. 某人在某处的所见所闻

57、it’s a great way to do sth. 干某事的好方法

58、learn about 学习关于…；了解关于… learn to do sth. 学会干某事

learn from 向（从）…学习 learn of 听说；了解到=hear of =hear about

learn … by + 名词/ 动名词 从…学习，通过…学习

59、work out 算出，制定出，做出，解决问题，仔细考虑

60、try out 尝试，实验

61、be different from 与…不同

62、do physics experiment 做物理实验、

63、for example 例如 such as 诸如

64、fill A with B 用B装满A be filled with 用…装满

be full of 装满…

65、falling sand 流沙

66、correct position 正确的位置

67、make explosions 爆破

68、travel into space 遨游太空

69、human and nature 人与自然

70、compare … with … 与…比较…

71、enough 足够地 修饰名词在前，修饰形容词、副词放在后

72、catch up with 追上 catch 抓住

73、on transport 涉及交通运输 on 是“关于”的意思，强调学术性、科学性、严肃性。如涉及到其他非正式内容时，则可用about 表示。

74、A as well as B 既…又… ；不但…而且… （强调A）；以及

= not only B but also A （强调A）

75、above all 重要的是，尤其是 （可放在句首或句中）

76、free 空闲的，免费的 for free 免费的

77、drop in 顺便到（某人家里看望） drop in /into +for … 进到某处干某事

op in on + 人 去看望某人 drop by 顺便到某处（不及物）

drop around 顺便到某处看望某人 I’ll drop around later when I’m free. 我一有空就来看你

78、as…as … 像…一样

79、from … to … 从…到…

80、make sure 确信，一定要

81、the Science Museum 科学博物馆

82、the whole world = around the world = all over the world 全世界

83、find out 找出，查找，弄清楚 （经过努力弄清楚事实）

find 侧重寻找的结果 look after 强调寻找的动作

84、do sightseeing 观光 （只强调动作）

do (some) + 动名词 / 名词 （强调事情）

85、little -kown 不出名的 well-known 闻名于世的

86、as long as = so long as 只要（用来引导条件状语从句） 与if近义

As long as we live, we must serve the people . 我们只要活着，我们一定要为人民服务。

87、as soon as 一 …就… as far as 就 … 而论 用于表示范围

88、一楼：ground floor 二楼：the first floor 三楼：the second floor

89、help (sb.) with sth. 帮助某人干某事

90、while 当…的时候 常与when 或as 通用，但它强调主句和从句的动作同时发生

91、hundred thousand million billion 这些词前面有数词时不可变复数，也不可加of

但 hundred(s) of thousand(s) of million(s) of billion of 被 a few some several many 等修饰时，用单数和复数均可

92、quarter 四分之一，一刻钟 three quarters 四分之三

93、against 与…对抗；对着；反对；倚在，紧靠

He stood against the wall. 他靠着墙站着

94、in addition to sth. / doing sth. 除了…之外

95、物+ familiar + to 某事物为某人所熟悉 人 + familiar + with 某人熟悉某事物

1. pay attention to 集中注意力于……

2. as well 也

3. work out 设法弄懂,计算出

out 试图,试验,

5. above all 首先

6. drop in 顺便走访

7. as……as 同……一样

8. Hang on a minute. 等一下

9. go off on one’sown=leave on one’s own 单独离开

10. kind of 有点儿11. hurry up 赶快

12. be familiar to sb. 对某人来说熟悉

13. do experiments 做实验

14. be different from 与……不同

15. learn about 了解

16. (人) fill…with… 把……装满……

(物)be filled with /be full of 装满/充满……

17. fast enough 足够快

18. as well as 除……之外还有/并且,不但,而且/已及

19. as long as 只要

…to… 从……到

the southeast of 在……的东南部

M 6

1、It’s + adj + to do sth. 干某事是…的

2、get … from … 从…得到（收到）…

3、a reader of … …的读者

4、while 从句中谓语动词用延续性动词

when 从句中谓语动词可用瞬息动词和延续性动词

5enjoyable online magazine 令人快乐的网上杂志

6on Favourite Books 最喜爱的图书

7、一般过去时： 主语+ was / were + were + 动词现在分词

8、、…about environmental education 关于环境教育方面的…

9、、be careful about / of sth.（从句） 对…小心；谨慎对待…

be careful in doing sth. 仔细干某事

be careful (not) to do sth. 注意（不要）干某事

10、in fact 实际上，事实上

11、、thousands of 成千上万的

12、、throw away 扔掉

13、、re- 前缀，表示重复，又、再

Usable 利用 reusable 再用的，重新用 write 写 rewrite 复写

cycle 循环 recycle 回收利用

14、nice idea 好主

15、、raise money 筹集资金 give money 捐款 make money 赚钱

16、in poor areas 在贫困地区

17、save (waste) energy 节约(浪费)能源

18、such as 诸如 （后接多个例子，用短语）

for example 例如（后接一个例子，用句子）

19、turn off 关闭 turn on 打开 turn up 调高 turn down 调低

20、、He finishes , “ I’m hopeful that if everyone thinks about pollution and recycling , we can protect the air and the oceans , and help save our world .” 他在结尾时说，“我希望人人都考虑污染和回收利用的问题，这样我们就能保护空气和海洋，拯救我们的地球。”

21、If we don’t , the future is hopeless . 如果不这样做，未来是没有希望

22、、help do … = help sb. to do sth. 有助于…

help sb. with sth. 帮助某人…

help sb. in doing … 在某方面帮助某人

can not help doing sth. 忍不住要去干某、

23stop doing sth. 停止干某事（doing作宾语）

stop to do sth. 停止干某事而去做另外一件事（to do 表示停下来的目的，作状语）

stop(prevent) … from doing sth. 阻止…干某事(此处from可以省略)

keep … from doing sth. 阻止…干某事(此处from不可以省略)

23、put one’s heart into 一心扑在… ；专心致力于…

24、ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人干某事

25、常用词构词积累：

｛名词｝metre 米—kilometer 千米 skirt 裙子—miniskirt 迷你裙 media 媒体—multimedia 多媒体

｛动词｝agree 同意—disagree 不同意

｛形容词｝polite 有礼貌的—impolite 无礼貌的 healthy 健康的—unhealthy 不健康的

Possible 可能的—impossible 不可能的

26、常见前后缀的意义：

—able 可…的 —ful 充满的 im— 无/不 —less 少的 re— 再 un— 不/无

26、how to do sth. 如何干某事

27、How green are you 你的环保意识怎么样

28、care about 关心

29、protect the environment 保护环境

30、save energy 节能

31、try to do sth. 企图干某事 try doing sth. 试着干某事 have a try 试一试

try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力干某事

32、ride a bike to school 骑自行车去上学

33、、the latest fations 最新时装

34、、instead of sth./ doing sth. / 代词 而不是

instead 代替 ①放在句中，常用逗号与句子主干部分隔开②也可直接置于句末

He didn’t go to school. Instead, he went to the cinema.他没去学校，相反他去了电影院。

If you don’t want to go, I will go instead.要是你不想去，我就替你去了。

35、air conditioning 空调

36、、cloth bag 布包 plastic bag 塑料包

37、、throw away 扔掉

38、、a sort of sth. / sb. = a kind (type) of 一种，一类

sort of 一点

39、一段时间+ ago before + 时间点

附：

away 扔掉,抛掉(某物)

2. instead ofsth./doing sth. 代替,而不是

3. do harm to 对……造成伤害

4. make a difference to 对……产生影响/很重要

5. get an email from sb. 收到某人的电子邮件

6. be careful about … 认真,谨慎对待……

of 成千上万的

8. in fact 事实上

9. raise money 筹款

(to) do sth. 帮助做某事

11. ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事

12. both…and… 两者都……/…和…都

13. neither…nor… 两者都不……/既不…也不…

14. care about 关心

long as possible 尽可能长久

16. change…into… 把……变成

17. take part in 参加(会议,活动等)

18. be off to 动身去

19. try one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事

20. hear of 听说

21. be good for 对……有好处

22. worry about 为……担心

23. keep sth. ＋adj. 使某物保持……状态

24. travel by plane 乘飞机去旅游

25. look around 四周围看看

26. in the 1960s 在二十世纪六十年代

27. put up 张贴,挂起

made up of 组成,构成

29. a number of 许多(谓用复)

the number of ……的数量(谓用单)

M7

1. have a look at 看……一眼

2. be similar to 同…..相似

be the same as 与……相同

3. give sb. a hand 帮助某人

would like a hand to do 想要帮忙某事.

(a letter) to sb. 写信给某人

5. in the centre of 在……的中心

6. by the way 顺便问一下,顺便说

7. on one’s way to… 在某人去……的路上

on one’sway back from…在某人从……回来的路上

8. at the moment 在那时,此刻

9. on the first day 在第一天

10. at different times of the day 在一天的不同时间

11. arrive at/in \get to \reach 到达

12. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事,连续不断做某事

keep sb. doing sth. 使某人连续不断做某事

13. any other country 任何一个其他国家

14. get back 回来,取回

15. as soon as 一……就

16. at once 立刻

M8

1. on the left/right 在左边/右边

2. be/get in trouble 陷入困境/有麻烦

3. except to do sth. 盼望做某事

except sb. to do sth. 盼望某人做某事

4. pick up 捡起

5. even though/if 即使

6. congratulations to sb. 祝贺某人

7. get on 发展,进步

get on (well) with 与……相处(得好)

8. be in with a chance 有…..可能,有机会

9. be for from 离……远

10. manage to do sth. 想方设法去做某事

11. work on 从事

12. thanks to 由于……,多亏……

13. agree to do sth. 同意做某事

14. at the end of this month 在今个月月底

15. in the past 在过去

16. show sb. around 带领某人参观

17. walk past 经过,走过

18. much lighter 轻得多

19. think of 考虑,想到

M9

1. over there 那边

2. have a word with 和某人说几句话

3. win the heart of 赢得……的心

4. ever since 从……开始

5. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

6. go over to speak to sb. 走过去和某人说话

in deep trouble 有大麻烦

8. make a mess 搞得乱七八糟

to … 回到……

10. translate…into 把……译成……

11. more than/over 超过

12. hold a birthday party 举行生日聚会

13. leave one on one’s own/leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下

14. all the time 一直,总是

15. be able to do sth. 能/会做某事

M10

up doing sth. 放弃做某事

2. a place of interest 旅游胜地

3. do some cooking 做饭

4. a bit tired 有点疲劳

sb. to do 想要某人做某事

6. strong enough 足够强壮

7. need to do sth. 需要做某事

8. take a lot of exercise 进行大量的锻炼

weight training做举重训练

10. bump into 碰到

11. look like 看起来

12. be different to do sth. 难做某事

13. know about 了解

14. decide to do sth. 决定做某事

work 艰苦的工作

work hard 努力工作

16. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

17. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人去做某事

18. spend...on… 在某方面花(时间/金钱)做某事

spend …(in) doing sth. 花(时间/金钱)做某事

with sb. 同意某人

20. in order to dosth. 为了做某事

21. put on 增加,穿上

22. had better(not) do sth. 最好(别)做某事

M11

with 与……一起

2. thanks to 由于,多亏

3. add to 向……增加

4. look up 查找,查阅

5. come toward sb. 朝某人走过去

6. come up 发生,出现,举行,进行

7. present the prizes 颁奖

8. be close to 靠近……, 离……近

9. have a better life 过更好的生活

10. close down 关闭

11. protect…from… 保护……不受……侵害

12. be free from不受……影响,没有……的

13. a great number of 大量的,许多的

14. because of 由于,因为

15. at the end of the school term 在学期末

16. work hard to do sth. 努力去做某事

17. at the same time 在同一时间

18. move to ＋地方 搬迁到某地

19. more and more people 越来越多人

less and less water 越来越小水

more and more difficult 越来越困难

M12

progress 取得进步

2. a pair of trousers 一条裤子

3. fill in 填写

4. check in 登记入住,(在机场)办理登记手续

5. the whole class 整个班

6. give a warm welcome to sb. 热烈欢迎某人

7. fly to 坐飞机去……

8. do an English course 上英语课

9. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事

10. at the beginning of 在……的开始

11. plenty of 相当多的,大量的

14. by the end of 到…..末为止;到……结束时

place 发生(通常指经过安排的发生

重难点:

1、Module one

重点语法：时态复习

重点单词：wonder, band, review, ancient,m composition, grade, pyramid, pupil, meeting, listen up, call, event, natural, get out of, light, reply, clear, rise, ground, below, edge, on the edge, bottom, at the bottom of, side, disappear, distance, huge, face, height.

重点句子或句型：

Is the Grand Canyon the greatest wonder anywhere in the natural world

She sings with the Crazy Feet.

We’re having a meeting.

She went to our school!

It was written down some ideas.

I’ll do an interview with Becky Wang!

2、Module two

重点语法：一般现在时的被动语态

重点单词：work, influence, respect, respect, wise, as far as, not…any more, literature, millions of, behaviour, cave, freedom, funeral, social, theme, treasure, clever, run away, dead, pleased, alive, grow up, talk about, southern, state.

重点句子或句型：

Shakeapeare’s plays are seen by milloins of people every year.

Today it is thought to be one of the greatest books in American literature.

Confucius’work are still read by many people today.

Mark Twain isn’t known as agreat thinker.

2、Module three

重点语法：一般过去式和一般将来时的被动语态

重点单词：allow, defeat, staand for, against, tough, encourage, medal, record, set, set up, first of all, represent, advertisement, coach, regularly,race.

重点句子或句型：

You were defeated last time.

Liu Xiang was helped by a special programme.

I wasn’t chosen this time.

We’ll be asked to play in the Olympic Games.

You won’t be allowed to watch with our fans.

Will he be encouraged to spend more time away from sport

When will the match be held

4、Module four

重点语法：现在完成时和情态动词的被动语态

重点单词：advantage, digital, battery, favour, publish, ordinary, replace, produce, injvention, look through, create, cotton, wood, at a time, by hand, ink, block, at the beginning of, knowledge, spread, introduction, rather than, CD-ROM, one day, dry.

重点句子或句型：

Paper and printing have been used for ages.

The battery hasn’t been charged for a couple of months.

Has it been published yet

Information can be kept on CD-ROMs.

Books could only be produced one at a time by hand.

Can books be replaced by computers

5、Module five

重点语法：合成词构词法

重点单词：entry, familiar, attention, pay attention to, upstairs, guard, as well, downstairs, sculpture, either, experiment, unusual, work out, try out, physics, sand, truck, wheel, position, rocket, travel, human, speed, obey, above all, drop in, as…as, communiccation, toilet.

重点句子或句型：

No shouting!

Don’t touch!

You mustn’t get up there.

You can’t take a photo.

You aren’t allowed to touch the exhibits.

Let’s go upstairs.

6、Module six

重点语法：前缀、后缀构词法

重点单词：waste, wasteful, throw away, metal, energy, pollution, recycle, environmental, hopeless, reduce, necessary, plastic, repair, care, instead, instead of, cloth, sort, harm, do harm to, difference,make a difference to, product, material, bottle.

重点句子或句型：

When are you going to write about environmental education

If we don’t, the future is hopeless.

It’s wasteful to throw away paper and matal.

Reuse means “use again”.

Every class collects reusable waste.

7、Module seven

重点语法：that引导的定语从句

重点单词：shark, hand, have a look at, alongside, detail, grape, ham, lamb, relative, sheep, spirit, wine, helicopter, purple, similar, similar to, ours, rugby, sunshine, expression, grey.

重点句子或句型：

The camel that I rode had a bad temper.

The games that they love the most are cricket and rugby.

There were kangaroos that were jumping alongside the car on our way back from Uluru.

8、Module eight

重点语法：which, who引导的定语从句

重点单词：on the left/right, trouble, expect, pick up, even though, size, beauty, category, movement, include, rich, congratulation, photographer, ceremony.

重点句子或句型：

He’s the photographer who won the Photo Competition last time!

The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.

It successfully shows the rich culture which makes Beijing so famous.

A collection of photos which features Beijing won the prize for the Most Unusualcategory.

9、Module nine

重点语法：定语从句（引导词的省略）

重点单词：flsh,over there, word, have a word with, heaven, mess, private, heart, win the heart of, everywhere, handbag, favourite, lead, rule, peach, common, boss, surface, ever since, experience.

重点句子或句型：

The cartoon (which/that) I like have lost lots of jokes.

I’ve got a camera which has got his name on it.

Perhaps it’ll be a cartoon which has a happy ending.

There are several fan clubs in China which have held birthday parties for Tintin.

It tells the story of a mankey who leads a group of monkeys.

10、Module ten

重点语法： whose引导的定语从句

重点单词：ache, exercise, weight, give up, interest, sugar, tasty, menu, behave, persuade, ban, educate, typical, diet.

重点句子或句型：

Children whose midday meals were unhealty were difficulty to teach in the afternoon.

He’s the person whose camera I nearly lost.

Jamie is a cook whose ideas are changing school dinners.

11、Module eleven

重点语法：冠词与数字

重点单词：population, crowd, increase, smoke, minute, percent, appointment, crime, flat, law, rubbish, tax, vision, add, add to, fault, police.

重点句子或句型：

Beijing is a big city.

Chongqing is the biggest city in China.

But an increasin population is an environmental problem in many countries.

The small local school in Parkvile closed down.

Arnwick needs larger hospitals and more doctors, better public transport and fewer pirvate cars.

136,130,400(one hundred and million, one hundred and thirty thousand,four hudred)

12、Module twelve

重点语法：主谓一致

重点单词：Accommodation, shorts, sunglasses, trousers, guest, course, host, passage, progress, make progress, arrange, various, organize, fill in, application, form, address.

重点句子或句型：

My new trousers are a bit tight.

Many families create friendships with students.

The New Standard team gets the special prize.

Your host families is meeting you at the airport.

Watch Crazy Feet record its latest CD.

The whole class is just behind us.

The group is very popular-everyine in my family is a huge fan!

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