英语常用词语辨析

英语常用词语辨析

目录

1．a bit ,a bit of

2. a Chinese ，the Chinese

3. a many, many a

4. a moment, the moment

5. a most ,the most

6. a number of, the number of

7. above, over

8. accept, receive

9. act , act as

10. address ,speak to

11.admit, confess

12. affect ,effect

13. after, since

14. after three days, in three days

15. agree to, agree with

16. aim at, aim to

17.ain’t ,am not

18. alike, like

19. alive ,live

20. all ,none

21. All right ,That’s all right

22. alone, lonely

23. aloud, loud

24.already, all ready

25.already,yet

26. although, though

27.altogether, all together

28. always ,never

29. among, between

30. and, or

31. answer, reply

32. anxious, eager

33.any, some

34.anyone who ,the man who

35. anyway, any way

36. arm ,arms

37. as ,because

38. as, like

39. as…as ,so…as

40. as well ,as well as

41. ask, ask for

42. asleep ,sleepy

43. at will, with a will

44. attend, attend to

45. bad, badly

46. be disappointed in, be disappointed of

47. be responsible for , be responsible to

48. be to , be about to

49. be tired of ,be tired with

50. because ,for

51.become,become of

52.before long ,long before

53. begin ,start

54. believe, believe in

55. belong in ,belong to

56. beside ,besides

57. besides ,except

58. big ,large

59. born ,borne

60. borrow, lend

61. both, either

62. both … and ,either…or

63. bring, fetch

64. bring , take

65. build ,set up

66. busy with ,busy in

67. but, except

68.by and by ,by the by

69. by turns ,in turn

70. call, call on

71. can ,be able to

72. can ,may

73. can but, cannot but

74. care ,mind

75. carry on ,carry out

76. cease ,stop

77. certain, sure

78.choose, select

79. city, town

80. climb down, climb up

81. combine, connect

82.come ,come join

83. compare to ,compare with

84. complete ,finish

85. consist ,constitute

86. consult ,consult with

87. couple ,pair

88. dangerous ,in danger

89. dare ,dare to

90. dead ,die

91. desire ,desire for

92. differ from ,differ with

93.divide ,separate

94. do him good ,do good to him

95. don’t have ,have not

96. doubt ,suspect

97. dozen, dozen of

98.dream ,dream of

99.dress ,dress up

100. drink ,drink of

101.drive ,ride

102. each ,every

103. earth ,world

104. easily , easy

105. easy ,uneasy

106. economic ,economical

107. either ,too

108. elder ,older

109. empty ,vacant

110. enough money ,money enough

111. especial ,special

112. everyday ,every day

113. everyone ,every one

114. face ,in the face of

115. fail ,fail in

116. fairly ,rather

117. familiar to ,familiar with

118. family ,home

119. farther ,further

120. fear ,be afraid

121. feel ,feel like

122. few ,a few

123. fight for ,fight with

124. find ,look for

125. first ,firstly

126. flee ,fly

127. floor ,srorey

128. force ,force into

129. forget ,forgot

130. get ,have got

131. get to ,get into

132. give ,send

133. give in ,give up

134. go ,go see

135. go to bed ,go to sleep

136. gold ,golden

137. graduate ,graduate from

138. grow ,raise

139. hand in hand ,hand to hand

140. happen ,take place

141. hard .haedly

142. hardly…when ,as soon as

143. have ,There is (are)

144. have been to ,have gone to

145. healthy ,healthful

146. hear ,listen to

147. hear of, hear from

148. help do ,help doing

149. here ,in here

150 .Here it is ,Here you are

151. high ,tall

152. historic ,historical

153. holiday ,vacation

154. home ,at home

155. hope ,wish

156. how ,what

157. hundred , hundreds

158. if, whether

159. if only ,as long as

160. if only ,only if

161. ill ,sick

162. improve ,improve on

163.in ,into

164. in all, all in all

165. in charge of ,in the charge of

166. in front of ,in the front of

167. in point of ,on the front of

168. in the east of ,to the east of

169. in the evening ,on the evening of

170. in the field ,on the field

171. in word ,in a word

172. industrial , industrious

173. insist, persist

174. instead ,instead of

175. introduce ,recommend

176. It was yesterday that ,It was yesterday when

177. join ,take part in

178. journey, trip

179. keep doing ,keep on doing

180. know ,have known

181. know , know of

182. last, at last

183. last , latter

184. lay ,lie

185.learn ,study

186. leave ,leave for

187. little ,a little

188. live ,stay

189. load ,put

190. look ,seem

191. look to ,look into

192. lose ,miss

193. lovely ,beautifully

194. make…of ,make …from

195. many, a lot of

196. maybe ,may be

197. meat, pork

198. meet ,meet with

199. mine ,my

200. Mother ,mother

201. must, have to

202. myself ,by myself

203.near ,nearly

204. need ,want

205. next Sunday ,on Sunday next

206.no ,not

207. no ,yes

208. no less than ,not less than

209. no more than ,not more than

210. now ,just now

211. of use ,(of) no use

212.on Sunday ,on Sundays

213. once again ,once and again

214. one day ,some day

215. one-third ,two-thirds

216. others ,the others

217. out of question, out of the question

218. owe ,owe…to

219. part from ,part with

220.people ,the people

221. permit, promise

222.pick ,pick up

223. plan ,plan on

224. play, play with

225. prefer ,prefer…to

226. prepare ,get ready

227. prepare ,prepare for

228. propose ,suggest

229. provide ,provide for

230. rather than ,would rather …than

231. reach ,reach to

232. read ,read of

233. recall, remember

234. recover ,restore

235. repeat , repeat again

236. report ,report to

237. require ,require doing

238. result in ,result from

239. rich ,the rich

240. road ,street

241. rob, steal

242. satisfied ,satisfactory

243. say ,speak

244. see ,look at

245. shall ,will

246. shall(will),be going to

247. should ,ought to

248. So do I, So I do

249. sometime ,sometimes

250. spend ,take

251. stand ,stand waiting

252. succeed, succeed in

253. surprised ,surprising

254. teach school ,teach in a school

255. thank you for ,thank you to

256. that ,which

257. the reason that ,the reason why

258. this ,that

259. this day ,this day week

260. till ,until

261. Tomorrow is ,Tomorrow will be

262. too…to, only too…to

263. try and ,try to

264. unless ,if…not

265. used to ,be used to

266. very good, very well

267. visit ,visit with

268. wake ,waken

269. wear ,put on

270. welcome ,welcomed

271. what, who

272. whatever ,no matter what

273. when ,while

274. Where is…? Where is there…?

275. who ,whom

276. worth ,worthy

277.would ,used to

278. write ,write to

附录：1。英美不同用词对照表

2．英语单词英美不同拼法对照表

1．a bit ,a bit of

Bit是名词。A bit是“一点儿”、“一些”的“意思；bits 是“碎屑”、“吃剩的食物”。例如：

A bit is enough .一点点就够了。

The picture was torn to bits by my daughter.

这张图片被我女儿撕得粉碎。

He made the supper from the bits.

他用吃剩的食物做一顿晚饭。

A bit 常常修饰动词、形容词，用作状语。例如：

The weather is a bit cold.天气有点冷。

Wait a bit .等一下。

He is not a bit like his brother.

他一点不象他兄弟。

Are you tired ? Not a bit .你累吗？一点不累。

A bit 不直接修饰名词，修饰名词要用a bit of 。例如：

Give me a bit of water ,please.请给我一点水。

He knows a bit of French .他懂一点法语。

试译：请给我一点纸。

正：Please give me a bit of paper .

误：Please give me a bit paper.

Do one’s bit 是习语，是“尽一分力量”的意思，不论句子主语是单数或复数，都用bit 。例如：

I must do my bit for the “four modernizations”.

我要为四个现代化尽一分力量。

2．a Chinese ,the Chinese

Chinese 既可作名词，又可作形容词。作为名词，不加冠词是“汉语”、“中国话”的意思；加冠词the 是“全体中国人民”，加冠词a是“一个中国人”。表示“几个中国人”，Chinese 不加s。例如：

We study Chinese ,English and other subjects.我们学汉语、英语和其他科目。The Chinese are industrious.中国人民是勤劳的。

We are Chinese . 我们是中国人。

He is a Chinese .他是一个中国人。

They are talking with some Chinese.

他们在同几个中国人谈话。

在下面句子里，Chinese 是形容词：

Is he Chinese or English?

他是中国人还是英国人？

The Chinese people are industrious.

中国人民是勤劳的。

3．a many ,many a

A many 现在已少见，多用a great many (很多)，a good many (相当多)。A great many 和a good many 后直接接复数名词，动词用复数。例如：

There are a great many schools in Nanning.南宁有很多学校。

There are a good many English books in the library.这图书馆有相当多英语书。

Many a 中的a等于one. Many a man 是many times one man (许多人)，many a time是many times one time (许多次)。Many a 后的名词是单数，接单数动词。例如：

Many a man has seen it before .

许多人以前看过它。

Many a little makes a mickle .积少成多。

4．a moment, the moment

Moment 是时间的“片刻”、“瞬间”。A moment 是极短的一段时间，一般译为“一会儿”，跟介词in ,for连用，作状语。例如：

Please wait for a moment.请等一会儿。

I’ll come in a moment.我一会就来。

For a moment 可以用于强调否定。例如：I don’t believe it for a moment.我根本不相信它。

I don’t think it possible for a moment.

我认为那是根本不可能的。

The moment = this moment 或that moment(此时或那时)，用在现在时的句子里表示“此刻”，用在过去时的句子里表示“那时”，常跟at (或for)连用。例如：

There are still some difficulties at the moment.目前还有些困难。

He was busy at the moment.当（那）时他很忙。

The moment 可以用作连接词，引导一个状语从句，表示“一……就”（=as soon as）。例如：

I went out the moment I heard it.

一听到那我就跑了出去。

Please let me know the moment he comes.

他一来就请告诉我。

5．a most ,the most

Most 可以结合两个音节以上的形容词或副词构成最高级。结合形容词时，前面应有定冠词the。例如：

This is the most interesting of the three.这本书是三本中最有趣的。

This is the most interesting lesson that we have learnt.这是我们学过的最有意义的一课。

Most 和副词结合构成最高级或修饰动词表示最高级（是much 的最高级），这时定冠词the可以省略。例如：

Of all the items in the evening ,the dance of Class Ⅱ has been (the) most wonderfully performed.

在晚会的节目里，二班的舞蹈演得最好。

In the capitalist country those who work (the)most often get paid (the)least.在资本主义国家里，工作做得最多的人，所得的工资往往最少。

A most 之后可跟形容词修饰单数可数名词。这时，most是very (很，十分)的意思，不是最高级。例如：Yours is a most interesting story.你的故事是十分有趣的。

Children in China lead a most happy life.中国儿童过着非常幸福的生活。

如果most修饰的形容词是表语，可以是“最”的意思，也可以是“很，十分”的意思。例如：

The present world situation is most favourable for the people.当前世界形势对人民十分有利。

This lesson is most difficult.这课最难。

6．a number of, the number of

A number of 是“若干”、“许多”的意思。它所修饰的名词或代词总是复数形式，但动词一般是复数，也可以是单数。例如：

A number of new products have been trialproduced . 许多新产品已试制出来。

There were a number of people there.

那里有许多人。

A number of persons has come.一部分人已经来了。

There is a number of comrades in the classroom .教室里有一些同志。

The number of 是“这个数目”的意思，动词要用单数。例如：

The number of pages in this book is two hundred .这本书的页数是二百。

The number of students is never under 1,000.学生的数目从来没有在一千以下。（学生的数目从来都是一千以上）

7．above ,over

这两个词作介词用是，都表示“在……之上”的意思。但有如下几点异同值得注意：

1） 一般笼统地说“在……上方”用above;说明“在……正上方”用over。例如：

The lamp is over the table.灯在桌子正上方。

The lamp is above the chair.灯在椅子的上边。

His office is over ours.他的办公室就在我们头上那个房间。

His office is above ours.他的办公室在我们的上面。

2） 一般说“高于”，即不接触下面的东西，可以用over,也可用above。例如：

The sky is over our heads.天空在我们头上。

The heaven is above us.天在我们头上。

3） Over 可以表示“在……上面”，即接触并铺在其上；above 不表示这一意思。例如：

She put her hands over her face.

她用手遮住了脸。

He spread a cloth over the table.

他把一块布铺在桌上。

4） Over 和above 都可表示“多于”、“超过”。Over 一般用于时间、距离、年龄；above 一般用于数量、价格、重量。例如：

It weighs above ten tons.它的重量超过十吨。

Above 100 people were there.一百多人在那儿。

He is over fifty.他五十多岁了。

He stayed there for over a month.

他在那里住了一个多月。

5）Over 可以表示“遍于”，above 不能。Above 可以表示精神上的“超出”，over 不能。

8．Accept, receive

这两个词都有“接”的意思，但用法不同。Receive 是“接到”、“收到”，指“收”、“接”这一动作或事实。

I have received three letters from him .我已接到他三封信。

He received an invitation to the English Evening .他接到参加英语晚会的邀请。

Accept 是经过考虑“接受”下来，表示当事人的态度。例如：

He accepted the criticism from the masses.他接受了群众的批评。

He received the present ,but he did not accept it .他接到了礼物，但没有接受。

注意：Receive 是终止性动词，用于现在完成时，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。汉语说“我收到他的信已经五天了”，译时要注意：

误：I have received his letter for five days.

正：I received his letter five days ago.

正：It’s five days since I received his letter.

9．act, act as

Act 可以是及物动词，也可以是不及物动词。作为及物动词，主要有两个意思：

1） 扮演。例如：

He acted Premier Zhou very well.

他扮演周总理很出色。

2） 表现出、装作。例如：

He acted the child .他做出儿童的模样。

Don’t act the fool.别装傻。

Act as 是“担任”的意思。例如：

She acted as interpreter.他担任翻译。

He acted as chairman.他担任（会议）主席。

He acted as group-leader while Comrade Liu was ill.刘同志病时，他代理组长。

Act for 是“代理”的意思。注意与act as第三例结构不同。例如：

He acted for Comrade Liu while he was ill.刘同志患病期间，他代理刘同志的工作。

10．Address ,speak to

Address 是“向……讲话”的意思，是及物动词，后面直接跟讲话的对象。例如：

Comrade Chen will address the meeting .陈同志将在会上讲话。

He addressed his friend on this matter.他对他的朋友讲了这件事。

He addressed the rally.他在群众集会上讲了话。

如果address的宾语不是人或人的集会，其意思就不是“讲话”。例如：

I want to address a letter to my friend.我想给我的朋友发一封新。

I addressed a question to him.

我向他提出一个问题。

Speak to = address,是“向……讲话”的意思。Speak at 是“在……会上讲话”，speak about (on)是“谈……问题”。例如：

I’ll speak to him about the matter.我要同他谈谈这件事。

He is going to speak at the meeting this afternoon.他将在下午的会上讲话。

He is going to speak about the international situation .他将谈谈国际形势。

11．admit, confess

这两个词都可以表示“承认”的意思。Admit是一般用于语，表示“承认”一个事实，有时也表示承认错误。注意下面各句的结构：

He has admitted the fact.他承认了这个事实。

He has admitted that he saw the accident.他承认看到这一事件（发生）。

He admits the statement to be true.

他承认这一陈述是真实的。

It must be admitted that this is true.

必须承认这是真的。

Admit 后不能直接接不定式，但可接动名词。例如：

误：I admit to have seen him .

正：I admit having seen him.

Confess 也可以表示“承认”一般事实，但主要表示“认罪”。注意下列各句结构：

He confessed his guilt.他认罪了。

He confessed himself guilt.他承认他有罪。

He confessed that he was guilt.(同上)

He confessed himself to be guilt.(同上)

He confessed to a fault.他承认这一错误。

Confess 后面不直接跟不定式，但可以接介词to +动名词。例如：

错：I confess to have seen it.

正：I confess to having seen it.

12.affect , effect

这两个词都有“影响”的意思。但要注意：affect是动词。例如：

Hot weather affects his health.

炎热的天气影响他的健康。

Whatever you say will not affect my decision.你说什么也不会影响我的决定。

Affect 可以转意为“感动”。例如：

The audience was deeply affected.

听众深为感动。

Effect 作为名词是指affect(影响)的结果，意为“影响”、“效力”。例如：

He fell sick from the effect of weather.他因天气影响而病倒了。

The medicine had no effect on him.

这药对他无效。

A word from the teacher will have great effect on the pupils.教师的话对学生有很大效果。

Effect 作为动词，意思完全不同，是“招收”、“实现”的意思。例如：

The change was effected quickly.

这种变化很快就出现了。

The dictatorship of the proletariat is effected through the leadership of the Communist Party.无产阶级专政是通过共产党的领导来实现的。

13．after , since

Since 是“自从”的意思，可以用作副词、介词和连词。例如：

I haven’t seen him since.我从此没见过他。（副词）

I haven’t seen him since yesterday.

从昨天起我没见过他。（介词）

I haven’t seen him since he left.

从他离开以后我就没见过他。（连词）

从上面例句可以看出，在有since 的（主）句子里，动词是完成时态。Since 如果引导从句，那么从句动词当然是过去时，但当be 表示“来到”、“到达”时，可以是完成时。例如：

I haven’t seen him since I have been here.我来这里以后还没看见他。

I have lived in this house since I have been in Guilin .我来桂林后一直住这间房子。

注意：英语中有些动词是终止性动词，这类动词的动作一经发生很快就结束了，不能延续。这类动词可以用于完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的for短语连用。如果要表示时间长度，要用It is ……since 结构表示。

试译：①他参军已三年了。

误：He has joined the army for three years.(join “参加”是终止性动词)。

正：It is three years since he joined the Army.

②他进大学已经三年了。

误：He has entered the college for three years.

正：It is three years since he entered the college.

It is …since 也可用It has been …since ,但It is …since 要普通得多。

但在强调结构中，不用since 。

试译：他三十年前就参加了革命。

误：It was 30 years ago since he joined the revolution.

正：It was 30 years ago that he joined the revolution.

参考It was yesterday that ,It was yesterday when条。

After 是“以后”的意思，主句一般用过去时。例如：

We saw him twice after he left.他走后我见过他两次。

He made rapid progress after he entered the college.他进大学后进步很快。

14．After three days ,in three days

In three days 用在过去时的句子里是“三天内”的意思；用在将来时的句子里，可以是“三天内”，也可以是“三天后”。例如：

He will come in three days.他三天后来。

I can finish the article in three days.

我可以在三天内写好这篇文章。

He wrote the article in three days.

他是在三天内写好这篇文章的。

After three days 不能用于将来时态，只能用于过去时态，是“三天后”的意思。例如：

He died after three days.他三天后死了。

He returned after three days.他三天后回来了。

但after 后面跟的如果不是一段时间，而是一点时间则可以用于将来时。例如：

He will return after the first of May.

他“五一”以后回来。

He will go there after four o’clock.

他四点钟以后将去那儿。

15．agree to, agree with

Agree 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词，汉译都是“同意”，但实际含义不同。作不及物动词时，agree to 为参加者对提议表示同意，agree with 指两个人或两个以上的人协调一致，持同一意见，agree on 是双方商定。例如：

He agree to my plan.他同意了我的计划。

Do you agree to this arrangement?

你同意这个安排吗？

I agree with you .我同意你的意见。

I agree with what you say.我同意你说的。

Both sides agreed on these terms.双方都同意这些条件。

Agree作为及物动词，后可接从句、不定式，是“愿意”、“答应”、“认为”的意思。Agree 于on连用，后接动名词，也是“愿意”、“答应”、“认为”的意思。例如：

We agreed that he would go.我们答应他去。

I agree to help you with the work.我愿意帮你做这一工作。

He agreed to come on Friday.他答应星期五来。

He agreed on coming on Friday.(同上)

16．aim at ,aim to

Aim at 是“瞄准”、“针对”的意思。例如：

He is aiming at the target.他在瞄靶。

I am not aiming at you.我不是针对你。

Aim to do (美)=aim at doing (英)，是“目的在于”的意思，但在具体句子中可以有不同的含义。例如：

He aims at mastering English .他目的在于掌握英语。

He aims to master English.(同上)

下面两句=I hope to finish it tomorrow.

I aim at finishing it tomorrow.

I aim to finish it tomorrow.我想在明天完成它。

下面两句=I try to learn ten new words by heart every day.

I aim at learning ten new words by heart every day.我要每天记十个新词。

I aim to learn new words by heart every day. (同上)

17．ain’t, am not

Ain’t〔eint〕=am not,主要用于反意疑问句里。例如：

I am a teacher ,ain’t I ?我是教师，是吗？

= I am a teacher ,am I not?

有时，ain’t 还可以等于：

Is not: That ain’t true .=That is not true.

are not: They ain’t here.=They are not here.

have not :I ain’t got it.=I have not got it.

has not :He ain’t got it.=He has not got it.

18. alike ,like

这两个词都可以表示“相象”的意思。在表示这一意思时，like 可以是形容词（例1、2），也可以是介词（例3、4），还可以是连词（例5）。例如：

The two building are very like .

这两幢楼房很相象。

We can give a like instance.

我们可以举出类似的例子。

We are like brothers and sisters.

我们象兄弟姐妹一样。

Non’t treat me like a guest.

别把我当客人。

I cannot do it like you do .

我不能做得象你那样。

参看as, like 条

Alike 是形容词，一般只用作表语。例如：The two brother are very much alike .

这两兄弟很相象。

These two wods are alike .这两个词很相象。

Alike 还可以用作副词。例如：

We must treat all men alike .我们要一视同仁。

We think alike.我们有同样的想法。

19．alive , live

Live〔laiv〕和 alive 都是形容词。Live 常作定语，基本意思是“活的”，有许多转意。例如：

He has bought some live fish .他买了几条活鱼。

He is a live young man .他是一个生气勃勃的年轻人。

Non’t touch a live wire.别触电线（有电）。

This is a live question .这是当前注目的问题。

Alive常用作表语，基本意思是“活着的”，有许多转意。例如：

The old man is still alive.那老人还活着。

He looks alive.他生气勃勃。

The whole square is alive with people.

整个广场人群熙攘。

20．All,none

All 是“全部”、“都”的意思，具有名词和形容词功能。在代表或修饰表示三个以上数目的可数名词时，其后接复数动词；在代表或修饰不可数名词时，其后接单数动词。例如：

All of us are fond of swimming .

我们都喜欢游泳。（all是代词）

All the workers are working with great enthusiasm.所有的工人都在干劲十足地工作。（all是形容词）

The delegates are all present.

全体代表都出席了。（这里all是同位语）

All I have left is a few books.

我所有的就是一些书。（all是代词）

That’s all I know about it.

那就是我所知道的全部。（all是代词）

All 和not 连用表示部分否定，不作“全部不”、“都不”解。例如：

All the students of the college do not come from the countryside.

这个学院的学生并非全部来自农村。

All the teachers do not live in this street.老师们并不是都住在这条街上。

I don’t know all of them.我对他们并不是个个都认识。

表示全部否定要用none. None 后跟复数动词，也可以跟单数动词。例如：

None of them come from the countryside.

他们都不是从农村来的。

None of us is afraid of difficulties.

我们谁也不怕困难。

None have (has) arrived.一个人都还没有来。

21．All right ,That’s all right

这是两句口语中用的答语，意思不同。All right 是“行”、“好”的意思，一般用于表示“赞同”一个意见。例如：

— Let’s go for a walk , shall we?

我们去散步好吗？

— All right.好。

— Shall we meet at seven ?我们七点钟碰头行吗？

— All right.行。

That’s all right.是“没有关系”，是对别人抱歉的安慰语。例如：

— I am sorry I wasn’t able to come yesterday evening. I had a bad cold.

对不起昨晚不能来，我感冒了。

— That’s all right.没关系。

— I am sorry I forgot to bring you the book.对不起，忘了把书带给你。

— That’s all right.没关系。

22．alone ,lonely

Alone 可以作形容词，也可以作副词，是“独自”的意思。作为形容词只作表语，不用作定语。例如：

I am alone.我独自生活。

I went alone.我一个人去的。

如果要用“唯独”作定语，可以用only.

试译：他是唯一知道它的人。

正：He is the only person who knows it.

误：He is the alone person who knows it.

但alone 可以用在名词后面表示“唯独”的意思。例如：

He alone was in the classroom.

唯有他在教室里。

Lonely 可以用作表语，也可以用作定语。用作表语是“寂寞”、“孤立”的意思，一般指人；用作定语是“荒凉”的意思，一般修饰地方。例如：

Though I was alone, I was not lonely.

虽然只是一个人，但我不是孤立的。

He doesn’t feel lonely when he is left alone .

他独处的时候也不感到寂寞。

a lonely place 很少人到的地方

23．aloud , loud

这两个词都于“大声”有关，其实意思是不同的。Aloud 是副词，通常是“出声”的意思，不是“大声”的意思。只是在修饰cry, shout 等动词时才有“大声”的意思。例如：

Read it aloud.朗读。（不是默读）

He read the letter aloud.他念了这封信。

He laughed aloud.他大笑。（笑出声）

He shouted aloud.他大声喊。

注意：aloud 是从不出声到出声，不存在声音大小的问题，因此没有比较级形式。

Loud 可以用作形容词或副词（用作副词时=lonely）,表示“大声”、“响亮”的意思。例如：

He has a loud voice.他的嗓子大。

Speak louder ,please ;I can’t hear you .请讲大声一点，我听不到。

Don’t talk so loud(loudly).不要这么大声讲话。

Louder ,please.声音再大一点。

24．already ,all ready

Already 是副词，是“已经”的意思。例如：

When I arrived ,he was already there.

我到达时，他已在那儿了。

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