初中英语语态知识点

初中英语语态知识点：带双宾语动词的被动语态规律

主动：He answered me the question. (正)

被动：I was answered the question by him. (正)

被动：The question was answered me by him. (误)

以上句子涉及带双宾语动词的被动语态问题。这个问题可以从三个方面去概括：

有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语)，这类动词主要的有：buy，give，lend，pay，show，teach，tell，offer，leave，award 等：

他给了她一些钱。

主动：He gave her some money. (正)

被动：She was given some money by him. (正)

被动：Some money was given (to) her by him. (正)

有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：do，make，pass，sell，sing，write 等：

他给她写了封信。

主动：He wrote her a letter. (正)

被动：A letter was written (to) her by him. (正)

被动：She was written a letter by him. (少见)

有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用间接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：answer，refuse，save，spare，deny，envy 等：

他们不允许我入场。

主动：They refused me admittance. (正)

被动：I was refused admittance by them. (正)

被动：Admittance was refused me by them. (少见)

初中英语语态知识点：一般不用于被动语态的静态动词

那里的人缺乏食物。

正：People there lack food.

误：Food is lacked by people there.

从形式上看，第2句是第1句的相应的被动形式，既然第1句为正句，那么第2句从理论上说应该是成立的。而事实上第2句却是个错句。

在英语中，并不是所有的及物动词都可以用于被动语态的，有些动词(尤其是那些静态动词)尽管它们可以带宾语，但却不用于被动语态，这种动词考生容易弄错，其中主要的有：have，lack，fit，suit，cost，let，like等：

他有一台电脑。

正：He has a computer.

误：A computer is had by him.

他当时正在洗澡。

正：He was taking a bath.

误：A bath was being had by him.

我的鞋不适合。

正：My shoes don’t fit me.

误：I am not fitted by my shoes.

这架钢琴花了她6000美元。

正：The piano cost her 6000 dollars.

误：She was cost her 6000 dollars.

误：6000 dollars was cost her.

这件衣服他穿很合适。

正：The coat suits him very well.

误：He is well suited by the coat.

初中英语语态知识点：被动语态的主要用法

当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。

The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)

They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)

突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。

The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)

These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)

为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：

You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。

It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。

出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。如：

It is generally considered impolite to ask one’s age, salary, marriage, etc. . 问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。

The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了，若用它作主语，主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)

初中英语语态知识点：何时使用被动语态

我们在平常的英语交流中，尽量使用主动语态，但在下列情况下，则通常使用使用被动语态：

The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。

Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八点收取。

2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：

The desk was made by Master Wang. 这张课桌是王师傅做的。

The bag was taken away by his sister. 那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。

3. 在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：

I have a new motorbike. It was given to me as a birthday present by my father. 我有辆新摩托车。它是父亲送给我作为生日礼物的。

4. 在新闻报道中，为了表明报道的客观性而避免主观性的透露时。如：

A car accident happened on the high way this morning. Three men were killed, the wounded were taken away to hospital at once and policemen were sent there to cope with the event. 今天早晨高速公路上发生了一起车祸，三人丧生，伤员马上被送往了医院，并马上派了警察去处理这一事件。

5. 在科技论文中，常使用被动语态来强调客观事实。如：

When it is cold enough, water will be turned into ice. 当天气足够冷时，水就会变成冰。

So far, the moon has been visited by earthmen several times. 到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。

初中英语语态知识点：使用被动语态“六注意”

使用被动语态“六注意”

一要注意被动语态的不同时态

被动语态由“be+过去分词”，其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如：

She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时)

The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时)

The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时)

They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时)

二要注意带情态动词的被动语态

该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式)+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如：

The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。

They shouldn’t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。

三要注意非谓语动词的被动语态

1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如：

She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。

He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀请发言的人。

2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如：

I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。

3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：

I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。

Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墙作保护，他感到很安全。

4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：

Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话，我明天就得做准备。

The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。

5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：

She likes being looked at. 她喜欢被人瞧。

He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。

This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。

6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：

Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。

After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始信心十足了。

注：过去分词没有被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如：

The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。

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