2013届高三英语名校试题巨献（教师版）
第1讲 定语从句专题（12.5-6）
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，关系副词有when, where, why。
一、关系词的基本用法
二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句
4、当先行时前有such 或the same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。
She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.
5、先行词既有人又有物时，
Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which， 另一个宜用that.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，
He wants to join the team that won the game.
10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。
I don’t like the way (that) he talks to me.
I have the same book as you（have）. Take as many as you want.
Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. This is such a book as was given to me.
四、关系代词的省略情况
1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。
Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?
2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。
This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.
注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。
5、介词+关系代词+代词/数词：He has written many books, of which most are in Chinese.
6、介词+whose 修饰后面的名词：He is the very man in whose pocket I found my lost money.
七、as 引导非限制性定语从句与which 的区别
1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和which 可以换用。
He left her, as/ which was strange.
2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。
As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.
The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.
8、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。
He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.
He was married again, which was unexpected.
八、定语从句运用中的注意点
1、 （1）是用the one还是用that , which, where. （2）Is this school _______ you study in?
（3）Is this the school ______ you study in? （4）Is this the school _______ you study?
（5）Is this school ______ is a senior one?
A. that/which B. where C. the one D. the one where E. the one that / which
遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)
4、定语从句与其他从句的区别
（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：
You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you.
考点解析
定语从句是中学英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点，同时又是高考考查的热点。纵观近年各地高考试题，就能发现考点大多集中在带有"插入语"的定语从句；which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句； where 、 when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中，考查考生的实际综合运用能力。
高考试题中，主要从以下角度考查定语从句：
定语从句的考点之一
正确区分关系代词that引出的定语从句功能强，除不能作定语(用whose)外，其它几个功能都可用that。但命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。例如：
（1）——Do you have anything in mind _________ you’d like for supper?
——Well, _________ is OK with me.
A. that ; anything B. which ; everything
C. what ; whatever D. where ; something 选A。
（2）The wrong you've done him is terrible, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think.
A. this B. which C. what D. that 选B。
定语从句的考点之二
定语从句的考点之三
定语从句的考点之四
定语从句中不能再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。例如：
（8）He made another wonderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.
A. which I think it is B. which I think is
C. which I think it D. I think which is 选B。
（9）This is the hospital _____ they visited last year and is the one _____ I worked in five years ago．
A．that；where B．where；that
C．where；where D．that；that 选D。
（10）There are dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.
A. that B. which C. where D. when 选C。
定语从句的考点之五
对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现"介词+关系代词"。先行词指物，用"介词+which",指人则用"介词+whom", 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则：
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。
2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如：
（11）This flower doesn't do well in soil other than the one_____ it has been specially developed．
A．for which B．that C．of which D．where 选A。
（12）Anyway, that evening, ____I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which 选D。
虽然定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，但只要从定语从句的形式上、结构上和用法上来分析理解和比较，就一定就能把握定语从句的用法。
名校模拟汇编训练（10分钟）
3.【2012届安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考】33、Mark Zuckerberg is the founder of the site Facebook, you can have a look at each other’s pictures.
A．where B．which C．when D．as
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是the site Facebook， 相当于一个抽象的地点，“在脸谱网”，所以用关系副词引出定语从句。
6.【2012届甘肃兰州一中三诊】10. Scientists say human activity contributes to climate change, but they do not agree on the rate ______ climate change may be developing.
A. with which B. with that C. at which D. at that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处rate是先行词，at 介词前置。
7.【2012届西安八校联考二】17．I want to use the same tools _____ used in your factory a few days ago．
A．as were B．which C．as was D．which was
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。当先行词被the same修饰时，后面的关系代词用as。
8.【2012届西安八校联考二】23．The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _____ he could see what was going on inside the house．
A．at which B．on which C．in which D．through which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句的用法。此处是介词前置的定语从句。
11.【2012届四川成都市树德协进中学5月月考】29.Brave New World describes a terrifying future _________ there is no war or
violence and all the people can live happily.
A. where B. which C. that D. whom
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处where在定语从句中作状语。
14. 【2012届甘肃省西北师大附中高三诊断】17. Don’t trust such people _____ praise you to your face but speak ill of you behind your back.
A. who B. whoever C. that D. as
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处先行词被such修饰，后面的定语从句用as引导。
15.【2012届新课标终极冲刺卷】34．The Burj Dubai Skyscraper will reach a height of 700 meters, ________ is said to be the highest building around the world.
A．it B．that
C．where D．which
【答案】D
【解析】句意：杜拜塔的高度将达到700米，据说将是世界上最高的建筑物。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词指代the Burj Dubai Skyscraper，故用关系代词which引导。
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