英语简单句基本结构

发布时间:2020-01-12 00:23:27   来源:文档文库   
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英语简单句基本结构:
1. SV(主谓结构)
2. SV P(主系表结构)
3. SVO(主谓宾结构)
4. SVO1O2 (主谓双宾结构)
5. SVO C (主谓宾宾补结构)
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语
五个基本句式详细解释如下:
一、SV句式 (主谓结构)
在此句式中, V是不及物动词(vi.)。例如:
He runs quickly. 他跑得快。
They listened carefully. 他们听得很仔细。
My ink has run out. 我的钢笔水用完了。
二、SVP句式 (主系表结构)
在此句式中, V是系动词(link v.), 常见的系动词有:look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall ill/asleep, stand/sit still, become, turn等。例如:
He is older than he looks. 他比看上去要老。
He seemed interested in the book. 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard. 书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice. 饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nice. 花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before. 你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill. 他突然病倒了。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 他长大后当了教师。
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词, 可构成SVO句式, 例如:
He looked me up and down. 他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. 他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish. 他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town. 他们在家乡种水稻。
三、SVO句式 (主谓宾结构)
在此句式中, V是及物动词(vt.), 因此有宾语。例如:
I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。
They found their home easily. 他们很容易找到他们的家。
They built a house last year. 他们去年建了一所房子。
They have taken good care of the children. 这些孩子他们照看得很好。
You should look after your children well. 你应该好好照看你的孩子。
四、SVO1O2句式 (主谓双宾结构)
在此句式中, V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, getrob, warn等。例如:
He gave me a book/a book to me. 他给我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 他带给我一枝钢笔。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me. 他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. 请帮我一下。
五、SVO C句式 (主谓宾宾补结构)
在此句式中, V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多, 哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补, 须根据动词的惯用法而定, 不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day. 他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out. 我发现他出去了。
They saw a foot mark in the sand. 他们发现沙地上有脚印。
They named the boy Charlie. 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
They felt the car moving fast. 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now. 我刚才听到玻璃碎了。

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