The Needs That Drive Us All 推动我们所有人前进的需求 William GlasserAll living creatures are driven by the basic need to stay alive and reproduce so that the species will continue. As creatures have evolved from simple to complex, they have developed additional basic needs.... Humans not only need (1 to survive and reproduce, but also (2 to belong and love, (3 to gain power, (4 to be free and (5 to have fun. All five needs are built into our genetic structure as instructions for how we must attempt to live our lives. All are important and must be reasonably satisfied if we are to fulfill our biological destiny. I italicize the need for power because, unlike the other four needs that are shared to some extent by many higher animals, the way we continually struggle for power in every aspect of our lives seems uniquely human. We are also born with no choice but to feel pain when a need is frustrated, and pleasure when it is satisfied. The quicker and more severe the frustration, the more pain we feel; the quicker and deeper the satisfaction, the more pleasure we experience. Simple survival needs like hunger, thirst, and sexual desire are relatively clear-cut, and we quickly learn what particular discomfort is attached to the denial of these basic needs. When we attempt to satisfy the non-essential psychological needs, such as belonging, fun, freedom, and especially power, we run into more difficulty. 威廉·格拉瑟 所有生物都被生存与繁衍这样的基本需求所驱使，因而生物物种得以不断延续。随着生物由简单到复杂的进化，他们同时也产生了其他的基本需求……人类不仅需要（1）生存和繁衍，同时还需要（2）归属与爱、（3）权力、（4）自由和（5）快乐。这五种需求已融入到了我们的基因结构中，并指导我们必须怎样试图过好自己的生活。这五种需求都很重要，如果我们要过完一生，这些需求就必须得到合理的满足。我将对权力的需求写成斜体，是因为其他四种需求是很多高等动物共有的，与之不同的是，在生活的方方面面对权力的不懈追求似乎是人类所特有的需求。
